diff -r f089cd68ea7b -r 71c0f18aae32 gadict-voa-special-english-word-book.dict-c5 --- a/gadict-voa-special-english-word-book.dict-c5 Sun Mar 13 19:46:38 2016 +0200 +++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 @@ -1,8534 +0,0 @@ -# -*- coding: utf-8; -*- - -ABOUT: VOA Special English Word Book. - - http://gadict.sourceforge.net - -Materials placed in Public Domain as all materials from VOA (Voice of -America). - -You can look to VOA disclaimer at: - - http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/disclaim.cfm - -Use http://web.archive.org/ to find this page. - -This dictionary based on origins from: - - http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-a.cfm - http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-b.cfm - ... - http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-z.cfm - -on 2010-02-12 which you can find with http://web.archive.org/ - -Older version of "Special English Word Book" have additional articles -with words from different domain: - - Common Expressions - Common Prefixes - Words Used in VOA Special English Science Programs - Organs of the Body - -I added this articles too (from version of 2004). - -Also this version have section "Parts of Speech", which you can see -below: - - n. (noun) - a name word - v. (verb) - an action word - ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word - prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation - pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun - conj. (conjunction) - a joining word - -Further info available at: - - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_English - -By Oleksandr Gavenko - -_____ - -a; an - - ad. one; any; each -_____ - -able - - v. having the power to do something -_____ - -about - - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about - the weather.") -_____ - -above - - ad. at a higher place -_____ - -abuse - - n. bad treatment causing harm or injury -_____ - -accept - - v. to agree to receive -_____ - -accident - - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event -_____ - -accuse - - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a - statement against someone -_____ - -across - - ad. from side to side; to the other side -_____ - -act - - v. to do something -_____ - -activist - - n. one who seeks change through action -_____ - -actor - - n. someone acting in a play or show -_____ - -add - - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more -_____ - -administration - - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president - or prime minister -_____ - -admit - - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's - guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") -_____ - -adult - - n. a grown person -_____ - -advertise - - v. to show or present the qualities of a product to increase sales -_____ - -advise - - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision -_____ - -affect - - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected - the singer's performance.") -_____ - -afraid - - ad. feeling fear -_____ - -after - - ad. later; behind -_____ - -again - - ad. another time; as before -_____ - -against - - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something -_____ - -age - - n. how old a person or thing is -_____ - -agency - - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the - United Nations") -_____ - -aggression - - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's - borders -_____ - -ago - - ad. of time past; before now -_____ - -agree - - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something -_____ - -agriculture - - n. farming -_____ - -aid - - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance -_____ - -aim - - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose -_____ - -air - - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, - that we breathe -_____ - -air force - - n. a military organization using airplanes -_____ - -airplane - - n. a vehicle with wings that flies -_____ - -airport - - n. a place where airplanes take off and land -_____ - -album - - n. a collection of recorded music -_____ - -alcohol - - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug - or in industrial products -_____ - -alive - - ad. having life; not dead -_____ - -all - - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount -_____ - -ally - - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose -_____ - -almost - - ad. a little less than completely -_____ - -alone - - ad. separated from others -_____ - -along - - ad. near or on ("along the road") -_____ - -already - - ad. before now; even now -_____ - -also - - ad. added to; too -_____ - -although - - conj. even if it is true that -_____ - -always - - ad. at all times; every time -_____ - -ambassador - - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another - government) -_____ - -amend - - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) -_____ - -ammunition - - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns -_____ - -among - - ad. in or part of (a group) -_____ - -amount - - n. the number, size or weight of anything -_____ - -anarchy - - n. a lack of order; lawlessness -_____ - -ancestor - - n. a family member from the past -_____ - -ancient - - ad. very old; long ago -_____ - -and - - conj. also; in addition to; with -_____ - -anger - - n. a strong emotion against someone or something -_____ - -animal - - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat -_____ - -anniversary - - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the - past -_____ - -announce - - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially -_____ - -another - - ad. one more; a different one -_____ - -answer - - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after - being asked a question -_____ - -any - - ad. one or more of no special kind -_____ - -apologize - - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts - responsibility -_____ - -appeal - - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call - on somebody for help -_____ - -appear - - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem -_____ - -appoint - - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") -_____ - -approve - - v. to agree with; to agree to support -_____ - -archeology - - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities -_____ - -area - - n. any place or part of it -_____ - -argue - - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree -_____ - -arms - - n. military equipment; weapons -_____ - -army - - n. military ground forces -_____ - -around - - ad. on every side (of) -_____ - -arrest - - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner -_____ - -arrive - - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip -_____ - -art - - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, - writing or statues -_____ - -artillery - - n. big guns -_____ - -as - - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while -_____ - -ash - - n. the part left after something burns -_____ - -ask - - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher - questions every day.") -_____ - -assist - - v. to help -_____ - -astronaut - - n. a person who travels in space -_____ - -astronomy - - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe -_____ - -asylum - - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another - country -_____ - -at - - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon") -_____ - -atmosphere - - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet -_____ - -attach - - v. to tie together; to connect -_____ - -attack - - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight -_____ - -attempt - - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort -_____ - -attend - - v. to be present at -_____ - -attention - - n. close or careful observing of, or listening to, someone or - something (“The student paid attention to his teacher.”) -_____ - -automobile - - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car -_____ - -autumn - - n. the time of the year between summer and winter -_____ - -available - - ad. present and ready for use; willing to serve or help. (“There was a - list of available candidates.”) -_____ - -average - - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal -_____ - -avoid - - v. to stay away from -_____ - -awake - - ad. not sleeping -_____ - -award - - n. an honor or prize for an act or service -_____ - -away - - ad. not near -_____ - -baby - - n. a newly born creature -_____ - -back - - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward -_____ - -bad - - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good -_____ - -balance - - v. to make two sides or forces equal -_____ - -ball - - n. something round -_____ - -balloon - - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas - lighter than air -_____ - -ballot - - n. a piece of paper used for voting -_____ - -ban - - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction -_____ - -bank - - n. an organization that keeps and lends money -_____ - -bar - - v. to prevent or block -_____ - -barrier - - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult -_____ - -base - - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was - based on experiments.") -_____ - -battle - - n. a fight between opposing armed forces -_____ - -be - - v. to live; to happen; to exist -_____ - -beat - - v. to hit again and again -_____ - -beauty - - n. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit -_____ - -because - - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.") -_____ - -become - - v. to come to be -_____ - -bed - - n. a sleeping place -_____ - -before - - prep. earlier -_____ - -begin - - v. to do the first part of an action; to start -_____ - -behavior - - n. the way in which a person or animal acts (“The child’s behavior was - bad because he fought with other children.”) -_____ - -behind - - ad. at the back of; in back of -_____ - -believe - - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust -_____ - -belong - - v. to be owned by; to be a member of -_____ - -below - - ad. lower than -_____ - -best - - ad. the most good -_____ - -betray - - v. to turn against; to be false to -_____ - -better - - ad. more good than -_____ - -between - - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks - between two nations") -_____ - -big - - ad. of great size; not small -_____ - -bill - - n. a legislative proposal -_____ - -biology - - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms -_____ - -bird - - n. a creature that flies -_____ - -bite - - v. to cut with the teeth -_____ - -black - - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky -_____ - -blame - - v. to accuse; to hold responsible -_____ - -bleed - - v. to lose blood -_____ - -blind - - ad. not able to see -_____ - -block - - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement -_____ - -blood - - n. red fluid in the body -_____ - -blow - - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") -_____ - -blue - - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky -_____ - -boat - - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods -_____ - -body - - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal -_____ - -boil - - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot -_____ - -bomb - - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy - with bombs -_____ - -bone - - n. the hard material in the body -_____ - -book - - n. a long written work for reading -_____ - -border - - n. a dividing line between nations -_____ - -born - - v. to come to life; to come into existence -_____ - -borrow - - v. to take as a loan -_____ - -both - - ad. not just one of two, but the two together -_____ - -bottle - - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid -_____ - -bottom - - ad. the lowest part of something -_____ - -box - - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or - wood -_____ - -boy - - n. a young male person -_____ - -boycott - - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with -_____ - -brain - - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all - creatures -_____ - -brave - - ad. having no fear -_____ - -bread - - n. a food made from grain -_____ - -break - - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy -_____ - -breathe - - v. to take air into the body and let it out again -_____ - -bridge - - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and - vehicles can cross from one side to the other -_____ - -brief - - ad. short; not long -_____ - -bright - - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color -_____ - -bring - - v. to come with something -_____ - -broadcast - - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a - radio or television program -_____ - -brother - - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person -_____ - -brown - - ad. having the color like that of coffee -_____ - -budget - - n. a spending plan -_____ - -build - - v. to join materials together to make something -_____ - -building - - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store - or place of entertainment -_____ - -bullet - - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun -_____ - -burn - - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire -_____ - -burst - - v. to break open suddenly -_____ - -bury - - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth -_____ - -bus - - n. a public vehicle to carry people -_____ - -business - - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade -_____ - -busy - - ad. doing something; very active -_____ - -but - - conj. however; other than; yet -_____ - -buy - - v. to get by paying something, usually money -_____ - -by - - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William - Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight") -_____ - -cabinet - - n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government -_____ - -call - - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request - ("They called for an end to the fighting.") -_____ - -calm - - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense -_____ - -camera - - n. a device for taking pictures -_____ - -camp - - n. a place with temporary housing -_____ - -campaign - - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from - voters; a connected series of military actions during a war -_____ - -can - - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold - liquid or food, usually made of metal -_____ - -cancel - - v. to end; to stop -_____ - -cancer - - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts - of the body -_____ - -candidate - - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor -_____ - -capital - - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's - government is -_____ - -capture - - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; - to get control of -_____ - -car - - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part - of a train -_____ - -care - - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest -_____ - -career - - n. a chosen profession; a person’s working life (“The actor’s career - lasted for thirty years.”) -_____ - -careful - - ad. acting safely; with much thought -_____ - -carry - - v. to take something or someone from one place to another -_____ - -case (court) - - n. a legal action -_____ - -case (medical) - - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at - the school.") -_____ - -cat - - n. a small animal that often lives with humans -_____ - -catch - - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands -_____ - -cause - - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result -_____ - -ceasefire - - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement -_____ - -celebrate - - v. to honor a person or event with special activities -_____ - -center - - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is - the main point of an activity -_____ - -century - - n. one hundred years -_____ - -ceremony - - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by - tradition -_____ - -chairman - - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group -_____ - -champion - - n. the best; the winner -_____ - -chance - - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen -_____ - -change - - v. to make different; to become different -_____ - -charge - - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in - which someone is accused of something -_____ - -chase - - v. to run or go after someone or something -_____ - -cheat - - v. to get by a trick; to steal from -_____ - -cheer - - v. to shout approval or praise -_____ - -chemicals - - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the - science of chemistry -_____ - -chemistry - - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they - act under different conditions, and how they form other substances -_____ - -chief - - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important -_____ - -child - - n. a baby; a boy or girl -_____ - -children - - n. more than one child -_____ - -choose - - v. to decide between two or more -_____ - -circle - - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the - center, like an "O" -_____ - -citizen - - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law -_____ - -city - - n. any important large town -_____ - -civil rights - - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all - people of a nation -_____ - -civilian - - ad. not military -_____ - -claim - - v. to say something as a fact -_____ - -clash - - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose -_____ - -class - - n. a group of students who meet to study the same subject; also, a - social or economic group. ("They were members of the middle class.") -_____ - -clean - - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean - water") -_____ - -clear - - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood -_____ - -clergy - - n. a body of officials within a religious organization -_____ - -climate - - n. the normal weather conditions of a place -_____ - -climb - - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the - hands -_____ - -clock - - n. a device that measures and shows time -_____ - -close - - v. to make something not open; ad. near to -_____ - -cloth - - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other - substances -_____ - -clothes - - n. what people wear -_____ - -cloud - - n. a mass of fog high in the sky -_____ - -coal - - n. a solid black substance used as fuel -_____ - -coalition - - n. forces, groups or nations joined together -_____ - -coast - - n. land on the edge of the ocean -_____ - -coffee - - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name -_____ - -cold - - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature -_____ - -collapse - - v. to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down or fail suddenly in - strength, health or power. (“The building collapsed in the - earthquake.” “The government collapsed after a vote in parliament.”) -_____ - -collect - - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive - ("collect taxes") -_____ - -college - - n. a small university -_____ - -colony - - n. land controlled by another country or government -_____ - -color - - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, - black, yellow and others -_____ - -combine - - v. to mix or bring together -_____ - -come - - v. to move toward; to arrive -_____ - -command - - v. to order; to have power over something -_____ - -comment - - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something -_____ - -committee - - n. a group of people given special work -_____ - -common - - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose") -_____ - -communicate - - v. to tell; to give or exchange information -_____ - -community - - n. a group of people living together in one place or area -_____ - -company - - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes -_____ - -compare - - v. to examine what is different or similar -_____ - -compete - - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others -_____ - -complete - - ad. having all parts; ended or finished -_____ - -complex - - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not - simple -_____ - -compromise - - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less - than first demanded -_____ - -computer - - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and - for communicating with others -_____ - -concern - - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be - concerned") -_____ - -condemn - - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad -_____ - -condition - - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's - health -_____ - -conference - - n. a meeting -_____ - -confirm - - v. to approve; to say that something is true -_____ - -conflict - - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one -_____ - -congratulate - - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck -_____ - -Congress - - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United - States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar - organization in other countries -_____ - -connect - - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link -_____ - -conservative - - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change -_____ - -consider - - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully -_____ - -constitution - - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of - government -_____ - -contact - - n. the act of touching or being close to a person or thing (“He was in - contact with animals that had the disease.”) v. to meet or communicate - with (“He wanted to contact his local official.”) -_____ - -contain - - v. to hold; to include -_____ - -container - - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something -_____ - -continent - - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world -_____ - -continue - - v. to go on doing or being -_____ - -control - - v. to direct; to have power over -_____ - -convention - - n. a large meeting for a special purpose -_____ - -cook - - v. to heat food before eating it -_____ - -cool - - ad. almost cold -_____ - -cooperate - - v. to act or work together -_____ - -copy - - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look - exactly like another -_____ - -corn - - n. a food grain -_____ - -correct - - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right -_____ - -corruption - - n. actions taken to gain money or power that are legally or morally - wrong -_____ - -cost - - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five - dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") -_____ - -cotton - - n. a material made from a plant of the same name -_____ - -count - - v. to speak or add numbers -_____ - -country - - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities -_____ - -court - - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law -_____ - -cover - - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put - over a person or thing -_____ - -cow - - n. a farm animal used for its milk -_____ - -crash - - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force -_____ - -create - - v. to make; to give life or form to -_____ - -creature - - n. any living being; any animal or human -_____ - -credit - - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time -_____ - -crew - - n. a group of people working together -_____ - -crime - - n. an act that violates a law -_____ - -criminal - - n. a person who is responsible for a crime -_____ - -crisis - - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better - or worse; a dangerous situation -_____ - -criticize - - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to - judge -_____ - -crops - - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits - and vegetables -_____ - -cross - - v. to go from one side to another; to go across -_____ - -crowd - - n. a large number of people gathered in one place -_____ - -crush - - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely -_____ - -cry - - v. to express or show sorrow or pain -_____ - -culture - - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population -_____ - -cure - - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the - disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics - are a cure for infection.") -_____ - -curfew - - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their - businesses -_____ - -current - - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present - time ("She found the report in a current publication.") -_____ - -custom - - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people -_____ - -customs - - n. taxes on imports -_____ - -cut - - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce -_____ - -dam - - n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water -_____ - -damage - - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to - things -_____ - -dance - - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually - to music -_____ - -danger - - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss -_____ - -dark - - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") -_____ - -date - - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year -_____ - -daughter - - n. a person's female child -_____ - -day - - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight -_____ - -dead - - ad. not living -_____ - -deaf - - ad. not able to hear -_____ - -deal - - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of - pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") -_____ - -debate - - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or - argument -_____ - -debt - - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing -_____ - -decide - - v. to choose; to settle; to judge -_____ - -declare - - v. to say; to make a statement -_____ - -decrease - - v. to make less in size or amount -_____ - -deep - - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom -_____ - -defeat - - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition - of having lost -_____ - -defend - - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect -_____ - -deficit - - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or - imports are greater than exports -_____ - -define - - v. to give the meaning of; to explain -_____ - -degree - - n. a measure of temperature -_____ - -delay - - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to - be late -_____ - -delegate - - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another -_____ - -demand - - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force -_____ - -democracy - - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders - or to make other important decisions -_____ - -demonstrate - - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd - demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using - examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") -_____ - -denounce - - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely -_____ - -deny - - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request -_____ - -depend - - v. to need help and support -_____ - -deplore - - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness -_____ - -deploy - - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action -_____ - -depression - - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic - activity during which many people lose their jobs -_____ - -describe - - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something -_____ - -desert - - n. a dry area of land -_____ - -design - - v. to plan or create plans for -_____ - -desire - - v. to want very much; to wish for -_____ - -destroy - - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of -_____ - -detail - - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information -_____ - -detain - - v. to keep or hold (“The police detained several suspects for - questioning.”) -_____ - -develop - - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress -_____ - -device - - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose -_____ - -dictator - - n. a ruler with complete power -_____ - -die - - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end -_____ - -diet - - n. usual daily food and drink -_____ - -different - - ad. not the same -_____ - -difficult - - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out -_____ - -dig - - v. to make a hole in the ground -_____ - -dinner - - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its - dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official - dinner took place at the White House.") -_____ - -diplomat - - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with - another government -_____ - -direct - - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); - ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing - ("The path is direct.") -_____ - -direction - - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came - from or went to -_____ - -dirt - - n. earth or soil -_____ - -disappear - - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist -_____ - -disarm - - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb - harmless by removing its exploding device -_____ - -disaster - - n. an event causing widespread destruction or loss of life, such as an - earthquake or plane crash -_____ - -discover - - v. to find or learn something -_____ - -discrimination - - n. unfair treatment or consideration based on opinions about a whole - group instead of on the qualities of an individual. (“He was accused - of discrimination against people from other countries.”) -_____ - -discuss - - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas -_____ - -disease - - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or - bacteria -_____ - -dismiss - - v. to send away; to refuse to consider -_____ - -dispute - - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate -_____ - -dissident - - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government -_____ - -distance - - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance - from my house to your house is two kilometers.") -_____ - -dive - - v. to jump into water head first -_____ - -divide - - v. to separate into two or more parts -_____ - -do - - v. to act; to make an effort -_____ - -doctor - - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people -_____ - -document - - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof - or support of something -_____ - -dog - - n. a small animal that often lives with humans -_____ - -dollar - - n. United States money, one hundred cents -_____ - -donate - - v. to present something as a gift to an organization, country or - cause. (“She donated money to the Red Cross to help survivors of the - earthquake.”) -_____ - -door - - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room -_____ - -double - - v. to increase two times as much in size, strength or number -_____ - -down - - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place -_____ - -dream - - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture - or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future -_____ - -drink - - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth -_____ - -drive - - v. to control a moving vehicle -_____ - -drop - - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower -_____ - -drown - - v. to die under water -_____ - -drug - - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical - substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind -_____ - -dry - - ad. not wet; without rain -_____ - -during - - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) -_____ - -dust - - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air -_____ - -duty - - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right - and just -_____ - -each - - ad. every one by itself -_____ - -early - - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; - opposite late -_____ - -earn - - v. to be paid in return for work done -_____ - -earth - - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil -_____ - -earthquake - - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface -_____ - -ease - - v. to reduce; to make less difficult -_____ - -east - - n. the direction from which the sun rises -_____ - -easy - - ad. not difficult; not hard to do -_____ - -eat - - v. to take food into the body through the mouth -_____ - -ecology - - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and - material things -_____ - -economy - - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized -_____ - -edge - - n. the line where something ends or begins -_____ - -education - - n. the act of teaching -_____ - -effect - - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious - effect on the economy.") -_____ - -effort - - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something -_____ - -egg - - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female - birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal - that can develop into a baby -_____ - -either - - ad. one of two, but not the other -_____ - -elect - - v. to choose by voting -_____ - -electricity - - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and - light, and power to machines -_____ - -embassy - - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants -_____ - -embryo - - n. a human or animal in the earliest stages of its development -_____ - -emergency - - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action -_____ - -emotion - - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness -_____ - -employ - - v. to give work in return for wages -_____ - -empty - - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything -_____ - -end - - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last -_____ - -enemy - - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the - other side in a war -_____ - -energy - - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and - willingness to be active -_____ - -enforce - - v. to make something be done -_____ - -engine - - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work -_____ - -engineer - - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads -_____ - -enjoy - - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something -_____ - -enough - - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed -_____ - -enter - - v. to come or go into -_____ - -environment - - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; - the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals -_____ - -equal - - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights -_____ - -equipment - - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity -_____ - -escape - - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of -_____ - -especially - - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") -_____ - -establish - - v. to bring into existence; to create -_____ - -estimate - - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than - complete information -_____ - -ethnic - - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of - their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived -_____ - -evaporate - - v. to change from a liquid into a gas -_____ - -even - - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the - building was destroyed.") -_____ - -event - - n. that which happens, especially something of importance -_____ - -ever - - ad. at any time -_____ - -every - - ad. each one; all -_____ - -evidence - - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing -_____ - -evil - - ad. not good; extremely bad -_____ - -exact - - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail -_____ - -examine - - v. to study closely -_____ - -example - - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like -_____ - -excellent - - ad. extremely good -_____ - -except - - prep. but for -_____ - -exchange - - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another -_____ - -excuse - - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes - false) for an action -_____ - -execute - - v. to kill -_____ - -exercise - - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to - stay in good health -_____ - -exile - - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a - person who is forced to leave his or her country -_____ - -exist - - v. to be; to live -_____ - -expand - - v. to make larger; to grow larger -_____ - -expect - - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an - event -_____ - -expel - - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away -_____ - -experience - - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced - great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The - experience caused her great pain.") -_____ - -experiment - - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true - or false, or to discover something -_____ - -expert - - n. a person with special knowledge or training -_____ - -explain - - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the - meaning -_____ - -explode - - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb -_____ - -explore - - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; - to make a careful search; to examine closely -_____ - -export - - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, - usually for sale -_____ - -express - - v. to say clearly -_____ - -extend - - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time -_____ - -extra - - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary -_____ - -extraordinary - - ad. far greater or better than the usual or normal -_____ - -extreme - - ad. more than the usual or accepted -_____ - -extremist - - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an - extreme or violent way -_____ - -face - - n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to - turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger -_____ - -fact - - n. something known or proved to be true -_____ - -factory - - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made -_____ - -fail - - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal -_____ - -fair - - ad. just; honest; what is right -_____ - -fall - - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower - position -_____ - -false - - ad. not true; not correct -_____ - -family - - n. the group that includes children and their parents -_____ - -famous - - ad. known very well to many people -_____ - -fan - - n. a person who actively supports a sport, activity or performer (“The - baseball fan attended every game his team played.”) -_____ - -far - - ad. at, to or from a great distance -_____ - -farm - - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food -_____ - -fast - - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick -_____ - -fat - - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and - to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy -_____ - -father - - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children -_____ - -favorite - - ad. liked more than others (“Ice cream was her favorite food.”) -_____ - -fear - - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen - ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger - or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.") -_____ - -federal - - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government -_____ - -feed - - v. to give food to -_____ - -feel - - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching -_____ - -female - - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women -_____ - -fence - - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or - out -_____ - -fertile - - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much -_____ - -few - - ad. not many; a small number of -_____ - -field - - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise - animals -_____ - -fierce - - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry -_____ - -fight - - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; - n. the use of force; a battle -_____ - -fill - - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for - no more -_____ - -film - - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion - picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with - a camera; a movie -_____ - -final - - ad. at the end; last -_____ - -financial - - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, - investments and banks -_____ - -find - - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to - decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") -_____ - -fine - - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. - very good; very small or thin -_____ - -finish - - v. to complete; to end -_____ - -fire - - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning -_____ - -fireworks - - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday - celebrations -_____ - -firm - - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") -_____ - -first - - ad. coming before all others -_____ - -fish - - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water -_____ - -fit - - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") -_____ - -fix - - v. to make good or right again -_____ - -flag - - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or - organization -_____ - -flat - - ad. smooth; having no high places -_____ - -flee - - v. to run away from -_____ - -float - - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water - or through air -_____ - -flood - - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake - or ocean onto land -_____ - -floor - - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the - floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") -_____ - -flow - - v. to move like a liquid -_____ - -flower - - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds -_____ - -fluid - - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid -_____ - -fly - - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to - travel in an airplane or flying vehicle -_____ - -fog - - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close - to the ground -_____ - -follow - - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey -_____ - -food - - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength - and growth -_____ - -fool - - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a - person who is tricked easily -_____ - -foot - - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the - ground when a person or animal walks -_____ - -for - - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me - one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for - one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be - employed by ("She works for a computer company.") -_____ - -force - - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using - power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; - military power of a nation; a military group -_____ - -foreign - - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or - country -_____ - -forest - - n. a place of many trees -_____ - -forget - - v. to not remember -_____ - -forgive - - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt -_____ - -form - - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind - ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") -_____ - -former - - ad. earlier in time; not now -_____ - -forward - - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front -_____ - -free - - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not - in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost -_____ - -freedom - - n. the condition of being free -_____ - -freeze - - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold -_____ - -fresh - - ad. newly made or gathered; recent -_____ - -friend - - n. a person one likes and trusts -_____ - -frighten - - v. to cause great fear -_____ - -from - - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is - a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The - school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is - suffering from cancer.") -_____ - -front - - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first - part -_____ - -fruit - - n. food from trees and plants -_____ - -fuel - - n. any substance burned to create heat or power -_____ - -full - - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete -_____ - -fun - - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness -_____ - -funeral - - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the - dead -_____ - -future - - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the - time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.") -_____ - -gain - - v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase -_____ - -game - - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, - usually sports -_____ - -gas - - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns - to provide heat, light or power -_____ - -gather - - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect -_____ - -general - - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including - all or almost all -_____ - -generation - - n. a group of individuals born and living at about the same time. - ("The mother and daughter represented two generations.") -_____ - -genocide - - n. a plan of action to kill or destroy a national, religious, racial - or ethnic group -_____ - -gentle - - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent -_____ - -get - - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the - owner of -_____ - -gift - - n. something given without cost -_____ - -girl - - n. a young female person -_____ - -give - - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment -_____ - -glass - - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for - windows or for containers to hold liquids -_____ - -go - - v. to move from one place to another; to leave -_____ - -goal - - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; - the end of a trip or race -_____ - -god - - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe - in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have - special powers -_____ - -gold - - n. a highly valued yellow metal -_____ - -good - - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad -_____ - -goods - - n. things owned or made to be sold -_____ - -govern - - v. to control; to rule by military or political power -_____ - -government - - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a - country, city or area -_____ - -grain - - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and - corn; those plants that produce the seeds -_____ - -grass - - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves -_____ - -gray - - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white -_____ - -great - - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; - important -_____ - -green - - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having - the color like that of growing leaves and grass -_____ - -grind - - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing -_____ - -ground - - n. land; the earth's surface; soil -_____ - -group - - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people - working for a common purpose -_____ - -grow - - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount -_____ - -guarantee - - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen -_____ - -guard - - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the - president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a - prison guard.") -_____ - -guerrilla - - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against - an official army or police -_____ - -guide - - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way -_____ - -guilty - - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible - for a bad action -_____ - -gun - - n. a weapon that shoots bullets -_____ - -hair - - n. the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the - head -_____ - -half - - n. one of two equal parts of something -_____ - -halt - - v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop -_____ - -hang - - v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower - part is not; to kill by hanging -_____ - -happen - - v. to become a fact or event; to take place -_____ - -happy - - ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad -_____ - -hard - - ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand; - needing much effort or force -_____ - -harm - - v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt -_____ - -harvest - - v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered -_____ - -hat - - n. a head cover -_____ - -hate - - v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite - love -_____ - -have - - v. to possess; to own; to hold -_____ - -he - - pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about -_____ - -head - - v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something; - the highest position -_____ - -headquarters - - n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a - business or organization -_____ - -heal - - v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well -_____ - -health - - n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being - free from sickness or disease -_____ - -hear - - v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about -_____ - -heat - - v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by - burning fuel; energy from the sun -_____ - -heavy - - ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force -_____ - -helicopter - - n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one - place above the ground -_____ - -help - - v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid -_____ - -here - - ad. in, to or at this place -_____ - -hero - - n. a person honored for being brave or wise -_____ - -hide - - v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret -_____ - -high - - ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others -_____ - -hijack - - v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force -_____ - -hill - - n. a small mountain -_____ - -history - - n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the - past -_____ - -hit - - v. to strike; to touch with force -_____ - -hold - - v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one - position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to - organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.") -_____ - -hole - - n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something -_____ - -holiday - - n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to - honor or remember a person or event -_____ - -holy - - ad. greatly honored in religion -_____ - -home - - n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the - place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one - lives -_____ - -honest - - ad. truthful; able to be trusted -_____ - -honor - - v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's - parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He - received many honors for his efforts to help others.") -_____ - -hope - - v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will - happen as wanted; to want something to happen -_____ - -horrible - - ad. causing great fear; terrible -_____ - -horse - - n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work -_____ - -hospital - - n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care -_____ - -hostage - - n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise - will be honored -_____ - -hostile - - ad. ready to fight; ready for war -_____ - -hot - - ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature -_____ - -hotel - - n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers -_____ - -hour - - n. a measure of time; sixty minutes -_____ - -house - - n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or - lawmaking group ("House of Representatives") -_____ - -how - - ad. in what way; to what amount -_____ - -however - - conj. yet; but -_____ - -huge - - ad. very big; of great size -_____ - -human - - ad. of or about people -_____ - -humor - - n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh -_____ - -hunger - - n. the need for food -_____ - -hunt - - v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to - find -_____ - -hurry - - v. to do or go fast -_____ - -hurt - - v. to cause pain, injury or damage -_____ - -husband - - n. a man who is married -_____ - -I - - pro. the person speaking -_____ - -ice - - n. frozen water -_____ - -idea - - n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief -_____ - -identify - - v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are -_____ - -if - - conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.") -_____ - -ignore - - v. to pay no attention to or refuse to consider (“The president - ignored the protesters outside his office.”) -_____ - -illegal - - ad. not legal; in violation of a law -_____ - -imagine - - v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea -_____ - -immediate - - ad. without delay; very near in time or place -_____ - -immigrant - - n. a person who arrives in a country to live there -_____ - -import - - v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another - country, usually for sale -_____ - -important - - ad. having great meaning, value or power -_____ - -improve - - v. to make better; to become better -_____ - -in - - prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during -_____ - -incident - - n. an event or something that happens -_____ - -incite - - v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or - violent -_____ - -include - - v. to have; to make a part of -_____ - -increase - - v. to make more in size or amount -_____ - -independent - - ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free; - separate -_____ - -individual - - n. one person -_____ - -industry - - n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and - related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved - in manufacturing -_____ - -infect - - v. to make sick with something that causes disease -_____ - -inflation - - n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down -_____ - -influence - - v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change -_____ - -inform - - v. to tell; to give knowledge to -_____ - -information - - n. knowledge; facts -_____ - -inject - - v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the - body through the skin -_____ - -injure - - v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal -_____ - -innocent - - ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action -_____ - -insane - - ad. mentally sick -_____ - -insect - - n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with - wings -_____ - -inspect - - v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert -_____ - -instead - - ad. in the place of; taking the place of -_____ - -instrument - - n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something -_____ - -insult - - v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry - or dishonored -_____ - -intelligence - - n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying -_____ - -intelligent - - ad. quick to understand or learn -_____ - -intense - - ad. very strong; extremely serious -_____ - -interest - - n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests." - "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a - business; money paid for the use of money borrowed -_____ - -interfere - - v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the - activities of others, especially when not asked to do so -_____ - -international - - ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole - world -_____ - -Internet - - n. the extensive communications system that connects computers around - the world -_____ - -intervene - - v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve -_____ - -invade - - v. to enter an area or country by force with an army -_____ - -invent - - v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing - or way of doing something -_____ - -invest - - v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making - more money -_____ - -investigate - - v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or - charge; to search for the truth -_____ - -invite - - v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or - gathering -_____ - -involve - - v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include -_____ - -iron - - n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools -_____ - -island - - n. a land area with water all around it -_____ - -issue - - n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or - arguing about -_____ - -it - - pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The - sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.") -_____ - -jail - - n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those - serving sentences for crimes that are not serious -_____ - -jewel - - n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald -_____ - -job - - n. the work that one does to earn money -_____ - -join - - v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of -_____ - -joint - - ad. shared by two or more -_____ - -joke - - n. something done or said to cause others to laugh -_____ - -judge - - v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal - one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court -_____ - -jump - - v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air -_____ - -jury - - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial -_____ - -just - - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after - the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I - came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.") -_____ - -justice - - n. the quality of being right, fair or lawful -_____ - -keep - - v. to possess; to have for oneself -_____ - -kick - - v. to hit with the foot -_____ - -kidnap - - v. to seize and take away by force -_____ - -kill - - v. to make dead; to cause to die -_____ - -kind - - n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful -_____ - -kiss - - v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor -_____ - -knife - - n. a tool or weapon used to cut -_____ - -know - - v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to - recognize someone because you have met and talked together before -_____ - -knowledge - - n. that which is known; learning or understanding -_____ - -labor - - n. work; workers as a group -_____ - -laboratory - - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done -_____ - -lack - - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having -_____ - -lake - - n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land -_____ - -land - - v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports."); - n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground -_____ - -language - - n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or - group -_____ - -large - - ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite - small -_____ - -last - - v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all - others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.") -_____ - -late - - ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early -_____ - -laugh - - v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings -_____ - -launch - - v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space -_____ - -law - - n. all or any rules made by a government -_____ - -lead - - v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first -_____ - -leak - - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole - (usually a gas or liquid) -_____ - -learn - - v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts -_____ - -leave - - v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is -_____ - -left - - ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north; - opposite right -_____ - -legal - - ad. of or in agreement with the law -_____ - -legislature - - n. a government lawmaking group -_____ - -lend - - v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of - money -_____ - -less - - ad. smaller in amount; not as much -_____ - -let - - v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible -_____ - -letter - - n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to - another person -_____ - -level - - n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the - position of something or someone -_____ - -liberal - - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change -_____ - -lie - - v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something - that one knows is not true -_____ - -life - - n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living - things -_____ - -lift - - v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level -_____ - -light - - n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see; - anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy -_____ - -lightning - - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm -_____ - -like - - v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something; - ad. in the same way as; similar to -_____ - -limit - - v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number - permitted -_____ - -line - - n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things - organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by - military forces -_____ - -link - - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation - between two or more things, situations or events -_____ - -liquid - - n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like - water -_____ - -list - - v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a - written series of names or things -_____ - -listen - - v. to try to hear -_____ - -literature - - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a - country -_____ - -little - - ad. not tall or big; a small amount -_____ - -live - - v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive -_____ - -load - - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is - carried -_____ - -loan - - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest - payments; something borrowed -_____ - -local - - ad. about or having to do with one place -_____ - -lonely - - ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a - lonely man") -_____ - -long - - ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for - much time -_____ - -look - - v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to - seem to be -_____ - -lose - - v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated -_____ - -loud - - ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise -_____ - -love - - v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes - involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something; - opposite hate -_____ - -low - - ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground -_____ - -loyal - - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something -_____ - -luck - - n. something that happens by chance -_____ - -machine - - n. a device with moving parts used to do work -_____ - -magazine - - n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information -_____ - -mail - - n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system, - such as a post office -_____ - -main - - ad. the most important or largest -_____ - -major - - ad. great in size, importance or amount -_____ - -majority - - n. the greater number; more than half -_____ - -make - - v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an - action; to cause to be or to become -_____ - -male - - n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or - about men -_____ - -man - - n. an adult male human -_____ - -manufacture - - v. to make goods in large amounts -_____ - -many - - ad. a large number or amount of -_____ - -map - - n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it -_____ - -march - - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group - to protest about something -_____ - -mark - - v. to make a sign or cut on something -_____ - -market - - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic - system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are - and how much money people are willing to pay for them -_____ - -marry - - v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become - husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony) -_____ - -mass - - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large - size -_____ - -mate - - v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature -_____ - -material - - n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or - from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone; - anything that can be made into something else -_____ - -mathematics - - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by - numbers and signs -_____ - -matter - - n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of -_____ - -may - - v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I - go?" "They may leave tomorrow.") -_____ - -mayor - - n. the chief official of a city or town government -_____ - -meal - - n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner -_____ - -mean - - v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of -_____ - -measure - - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action - taken; a legislative proposal -_____ - -meat - - n. the part of a dead animal used for food -_____ - -media - - n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, - television and radio -_____ - -medicine - - n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or - study of treating and curing disease or improving health -_____ - -meet - - v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and - place -_____ - -melt - - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it -_____ - -member - - n. one of a group -_____ - -memorial - - n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event -_____ - -memory - - n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a - thing remembered -_____ - -mental - - ad. about or having to do with the mind -_____ - -message - - n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to - another person or group -_____ - -metal - - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold -_____ - -method - - n. the way something is done -_____ - -microscope - - n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be - studied -_____ - -middle - - n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or - ends; ad. in the center -_____ - -militant - - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the - use of force or violence -_____ - -military - - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed - forces -_____ - -militia - - n. an army of citizens instead of professional soldiers; an armed - force or private army -_____ - -milk - - n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young -_____ - -mind - - n. the thinking, feeling part of a person -_____ - -mine - - v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place - in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the - ground or under water so it cannot be seen -_____ - -mineral - - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such - as coal or salt -_____ - -minister - - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime - minister,"foreign minister") -_____ - -minor - - ad. small in size; of little importance -_____ - -minority - - n. the smaller number; opposite majority -_____ - -minute - - n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty - seconds -_____ - -miss - - v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet -_____ - -missile - - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes - when it reaches its target -_____ - -missing - - ad. lost; not found -_____ - -mistake - - n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge - that it was wrong -_____ - -mix - - v. to put different things together to make one thing -_____ - -mob - - n. a large group of wild or angry people -_____ - -model - - n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something - will look or work -_____ - -moderate - - ad. not extreme -_____ - -modern - - ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved -_____ - -money - - n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things -_____ - -month - - n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided -_____ - -moon - - n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth - about every twenty-nine days -_____ - -moral - - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions -_____ - -more - - ad. greater in size or amount -_____ - -morning - - n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon -_____ - -most - - ad. greatest in size or amount -_____ - -mother - - n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children -_____ - -motion - - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place -_____ - -mountain - - n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around - it -_____ - -mourn - - v. to express or feel sadness -_____ - -move - - v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go -_____ - -movement - - n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts - to reach a goal -_____ - -movie - - n. a motion picture; a film -_____ - -much - - ad. great in amount -_____ - -murder - - v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another - person -_____ - -music - - n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument -_____ - -must - - v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to - school.") -_____ - -mystery - - n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a - secret -_____ - -name - - v. to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word by which a - person, animal or thing is known or called -_____ - -narrow - - ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from - one side to the other -_____ - -nation - - n. a country, together with its social and political systems -_____ - -native - - n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there -_____ - -natural - - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind -_____ - -nature - - n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by - humans; events or processes not caused by humans -_____ - -navy - - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea -_____ - -near - - ad. not far; close to -_____ - -necessary - - ad. needed to get a result or effect; required -_____ - -need - - v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do -_____ - -negotiate - - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution -_____ - -neighbor - - n. a person or country that is next to or near another -_____ - -neither - - ad. not one or the other of two -_____ - -neutral - - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute -_____ - -never - - ad. at no time; not ever -_____ - -new - - ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, - bought or grown; another; different -_____ - -news - - n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the - media -_____ - -next - - ad. coming immediately after; nearest -_____ - -nice - - ad. pleasing; good; kind -_____ - -night - - n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when - there is little or no light -_____ - -no - - ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all -_____ - -noise - - n. sound, especially when loud -_____ - -nominate - - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person - for an office or position -_____ - -noon - - n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime -_____ - -normal - - n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected -_____ - -north - - n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun -_____ - -not - - ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not - going.") -_____ - -note - - v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written - to help a person remember; a short letter -_____ - -nothing - - n. not anything; no thing -_____ - -now - - ad. at this time; immediately -_____ - -nowhere - - ad. not in, to or at any place -_____ - -nuclear - - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing - them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from - atoms -_____ - -number - - n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things -_____ - -obey - - v. to act as one is ordered to act -_____ - -object - - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something - not alive that can be seen or touched -_____ - -observe - - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something - ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.") -_____ - -occupy - - v. to take and hold or to control by force -_____ - -ocean - - n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of - the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water -_____ - -of - - prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among -_____ - -off - - ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer - operating or continuing; not on; not connected -_____ - -offensive - - n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking -_____ - -offer - - v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that - which is presented or proposed -_____ - -office - - n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public - position to which one is elected or appointed -_____ - -officer - - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a - member of a police force -_____ - -official - - n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an - organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the - government or someone in power -_____ - -often - - ad. many times -_____ - -oil - - n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; - a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel -_____ - -old - - ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years -_____ - -on - - prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book - is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The - report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on - Wednesday.") -_____ - -once - - ad. one time only -_____ - -only - - ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two - dollars.") -_____ - -open - - v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret -_____ - -operate - - v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons -_____ - -opinion - - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking -_____ - -oppose - - v. to be against; to fight against -_____ - -opposite - - ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the - other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.") -_____ - -oppress - - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel - force or power -_____ - -or - - conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several - choices -_____ - -orbit - - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or - way an object travels in space around another object or planet -_____ - -order - - v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the - correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in - which people obey laws -_____ - -organize - - v. to put in order; to put together into a system -_____ - -other - - ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or - more ">("That man is short; the other is tall.") -_____ - -our - - ad. of or belonging to us -_____ - -oust - - v. to force to leave; to remove by force -_____ - -out - - ad. away from the inside; opposite of in -_____ - -over - - conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the - world") -_____ - -overthrow - - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force -_____ - -owe - - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something - received -_____ - -own - - v. to have or possess for oneself -_____ - -pain - - n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body -_____ - -paint - - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; - n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface -_____ - -paper - - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for - writing -_____ - -parachute - - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an - airplane or helicopter to the ground -_____ - -parade - - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a - special event or anniversary -_____ - -pardon - - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment -_____ - -parent - - n. a father or mother -_____ - -parliament - - n. a government lawmaking group -_____ - -part - - n. something less than the whole; not all of something -_____ - -partner - - n. a person who takes part in some activity in common with another or - others. (“The two men were business partners.”) -_____ - -party - - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group - of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment -_____ - -pass - - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or - permit to go -_____ - -passenger - - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the - pilot or driver -_____ - -passport - - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country -_____ - -past - - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; - former -_____ - -path - - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves -_____ - -patient - - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem -_____ - -pay - - v. to give money for work done or for something bought -_____ - -peace - - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet -_____ - -people - - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or - nation ("the American people") -_____ - -percent - - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.") -_____ - -perfect - - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; - without mistakes -_____ - -perform - - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others -_____ - -period - - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions -_____ - -permanent - - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time -_____ - -permit - - v. to let; to make possible -_____ - -person - - n. a man, woman or child -_____ - -persuade - - v. to cause someone to do something by explaining or urging. (“The - police persuaded the criminal to surrender his weapon.”) -_____ - -physical - - ad. of the body -_____ - -physics - - n. the study of motion, matter and energy -_____ - -picture - - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or - representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is - made with a camera -_____ - -piece - - n. a part of something larger -_____ - -pig - - n. a farm animal used for its meat -_____ - -pilot - - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter -_____ - -pipe - - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas -_____ - -place - - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space - where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country -_____ - -plan - - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing - something ">("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or - developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.") -_____ - -planet - - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.") -_____ - -plant - - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground - which gets its food from air, water and earth -_____ - -plastic - - n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into - things -_____ - -play - - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on - an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater -_____ - -please - - v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment -_____ - -plenty - - n. all that is needed; a large enough amount -_____ - -plot - - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or - illegal -_____ - -poem - - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express - emotions -_____ - -point - - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something -_____ - -poison - - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health -_____ - -police - - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping - order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency -_____ - -policy - - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make - decisions in politics, economics or business -_____ - -politics - - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office -_____ - -pollute - - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or - water -_____ - -poor - - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad - quality -_____ - -popular - - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public -_____ - -population - - n. all the people in a place, city or country -_____ - -port - - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where - ships can be safe from a storm -_____ - -position - - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or - placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization -_____ - -possess - - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by -_____ - -possible - - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen -_____ - -postpone - - v. to delay action until a later time -_____ - -pour - - v. to flow; to cause to flow -_____ - -poverty - - n. the condition of being poor -_____ - -power - - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling - force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the - wheel.") -_____ - -praise - - v. to say good things about; to approve -_____ - -pray - - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit -_____ - -predict - - v. to say what one believes will happen in the future. (“The weather - scientist predicted a cold winter.”) -_____ - -pregnant - - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to - give birth to a baby -_____ - -present - - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the - committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their - anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at - a place ("I was present at school yesterday.") -_____ - -president - - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of - an organization -_____ - -press - - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications -_____ - -pressure - - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against - something else -_____ - -prevent - - v. to keep or stop from going or happening -_____ - -price - - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered - for sale -_____ - -prison - - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime -_____ - -private - - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public -_____ - -prize - - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that - one must work hard for to get -_____ - -probably - - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible -_____ - -problem - - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer -_____ - -process - - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result -_____ - -produce - - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture -_____ - -profession - - n. a job that requires special training -_____ - -professor - - n. a teacher at a college or university -_____ - -profit - - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of - that activity -_____ - -program - - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or - show -_____ - -progress - - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal -_____ - -project - - n. a planned effort to do something -_____ - -promise - - v. to say one will do something; n. a spoken or written agreement to - do something -_____ - -propaganda - - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions -_____ - -property - - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods -_____ - -propose - - v. to present or offer for consideration -_____ - -protect - - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged -_____ - -protest - - v. to speak against; to object -_____ - -prove - - v. to show to be true -_____ - -provide - - v. to give something needed or wanted -_____ - -public - - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite - private -_____ - -publication - - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine -_____ - -publish - - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a - book, newspaper or magazine -_____ - -pull - - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the - force; opposite push -_____ - -pump - - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through -_____ - -punish - - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal -_____ - -purchase - - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which - is bought -_____ - -pure - - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean -_____ - -purpose - - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal -_____ - -push - - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using - the force; opposite pull -_____ - -put - - v. to place; to set in position -_____ - -quality - - n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality - of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their - goods are of the highest quality.") -_____ - -question - - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used - in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed -_____ - -quick - - ad. fast -_____ - -quiet - - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm -_____ - -race - - v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can - move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one - of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a - common physical similarity, such as skin color -_____ - -radar - - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of - objects that may be too far away to be seen -_____ - -radiation - - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy - from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous -_____ - -radio - - n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the - air without wires -_____ - -raid - - v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act - of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something -_____ - -railroad - - n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its - stations and equipment -_____ - -rain - - n. water falling from the sky -_____ - -raise - - v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to - increase -_____ - -rape - - v. to carry out a sexual attack by force against a person -_____ - -rare - - ad. not common; not usual; not often -_____ - -rate - - n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the - price of any thing or service that is bought or sold -_____ - -reach - - v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to -_____ - -react - - v. to act as a result of or in answer to -_____ - -read - - v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers -_____ - -ready - - ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing -_____ - -real - - ad. true; truly existing; not false -_____ - -realistic - - ad. in agreement with the way things are -_____ - -reason - - n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains -_____ - -reasonable - - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing - to compromise -_____ - -rebel - - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse - to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or - her country -_____ - -receive - - v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent -_____ - -recent - - ad. a short time ago -_____ - -recession - - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce - less and many workers lose their jobs -_____ - -recognize - - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known - about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and - establish diplomatic ties with its government -_____ - -record - - v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound - or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a - writing that shows proof or facts about something -_____ - -recover - - v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The - police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or - normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.") -_____ - -red - - ad. having the color like that of blood -_____ - -reduce - - v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut -_____ - -reform - - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better - condition -_____ - -refugee - - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, - danger or war -_____ - -refuse - - v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something -_____ - -register - - v. to have one’s name officially placed on a list of people permitted - to vote in an election or take part in an educational program -_____ - -regret - - n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that - happens -_____ - -reject - - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe -_____ - -relations - - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; - people connected by marriage or family ties -_____ - -release - - v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public -_____ - -religion - - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods -_____ - -remain - - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same -_____ - -remains - - n. a dead body -_____ - -remember - - v. to think about the past; opposite forget -_____ - -remove - - v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a - position or office -_____ - -repair - - n. work done to fix something -_____ - -repeat - - v. to say or do again -_____ - -report - - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. - the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a - statement in which the facts may not be confirmed -_____ - -represent - - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as - an example -_____ - -repress - - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force -_____ - -request - - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for -_____ - -require - - v. to need or demand as necessary -_____ - -rescue - - v. to free from danger or evil -_____ - -research - - n. a careful study to discover correct information -_____ - -resign - - v. to leave a position, job or office -_____ - -resist - - v. to oppose; to fight to prevent -_____ - -resolution - - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually - reached by voting -_____ - -resource - - n. anything of value that can be used or sold -_____ - -respect - - v. to feel or show honor to a person or thing (“All citizens should - respect the law.”) -_____ - -responsible - - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the - report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the - accident.") -_____ - -rest - - v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which - remains; the others -_____ - -restaurant - - n. a place where people can buy and eat meals -_____ - -restrain - - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group -_____ - -restrict - - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger -_____ - -result - - v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a - cause; effect -_____ - -retire - - v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health -_____ - -return - - v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back -_____ - -revolt - - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of - government -_____ - -rice - - n. a food grain -_____ - -rich - - ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something -_____ - -ride - - v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled - vehicle, airplane or boat -_____ - -right - - n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It - is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; - opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing - north; opposite left -_____ - -riot - - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a - violent action by a large group of people -_____ - -rise - - v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of - sitting or lying to a position of standing -_____ - -risk - - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury -_____ - -river - - n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, - a lake or an ocean -_____ - -road - - n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can - walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other -_____ - -rob - - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal -_____ - -rock - - n. a hard piece of mineral matter -_____ - -rocket - - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by - burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, - sometimes used as a weapon -_____ - -roll - - v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball -_____ - -room - - n. a separate area within a building with its own walls -_____ - -root - - n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients - from the soil -_____ - -rope - - n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of - material, used for tying -_____ - -rough - - ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made - well -_____ - -round - - ad. having the shape of a ball or circle -_____ - -rub - - v. to move something over the surface of another thing -_____ - -rubber - - n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a - similar substance made from chemicals -_____ - -ruin - - v. to damage severely; to destroy -_____ - -rule - - v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that - says how something must be done -_____ - -run - - v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking -_____ - -rural - - ad. describing areas away from cities which may include farms, small - towns and unpopulated areas -_____ - -sabotage - - v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation - ("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.") -_____ - -sacrifice - - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, - goal or another person -_____ - -sad - - ad. not happy -_____ - -safe - - ad. away from harm or danger -_____ - -sail - - v. to travel by boat or ship -_____ - -sailor - - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship -_____ - -salt - - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to - affect the taste of food -_____ - -same - - ad. not different; not changed; like another or others -_____ - -sand - - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in - deserts and on coasts -_____ - -satellite - - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an - object placed in orbit around the earth -_____ - -satisfy - - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded -_____ - -save - - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use -_____ - -say - - v. to speak; to express in words -_____ - -school - - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn -_____ - -science - - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the - knowledge gained about them -_____ - -sea - - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean -_____ - -search - - v. to look for carefully -_____ - -season - - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's - position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of - time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy - season"); a period during the year when something usually happens - ("baseball season") -_____ - -seat - - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a - seat in parliament") -_____ - -second - - ad. the one that comes after the first -_____ - -secret - - n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. - hidden from others; known only to a few -_____ - -security - - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to - protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.") -_____ - -see - - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know -_____ - -seed - - n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow -_____ - -seek(ing) - - v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to - get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do - ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.") -_____ - -seem - - v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.") -_____ - -seize - - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest -_____ - -self - - n. all that which makes one person different from others -_____ - -sell - - v. to give something in exchange for money -_____ - -Senate - - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, - such as in the United States Congress -_____ - -send - - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or - directed to or away from a place -_____ - -sense - - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. - any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel -_____ - -sentence - - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a - crime -_____ - -separate - - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent - from others; ad. not together or connected; different -_____ - -series - - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another - in time, position or order -_____ - -serious - - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous -_____ - -serve - - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist - or help -_____ - -service - - n. an organization or system that provides something for the public - ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an - organization or business can do for money; military organizations such - as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony -_____ - -set - - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit -_____ - -settle - - v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a - new place -_____ - -several - - ad. three or more, but not many -_____ - -severe - - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage -_____ - -sex - - n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals - are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical - activity by which humans and animals can produce young -_____ - -shake - - v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements -_____ - -shape - - v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks -_____ - -share - - v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging - to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the - equal parts of ownership of a business or company -_____ - -sharp - - ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing - hurt or pain -_____ - -she - - pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about -_____ - -sheep - - n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair -_____ - -shell - - v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large - gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover -_____ - -shelter - - v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives - protection; a place of safety -_____ - -shine - - v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to - make bright -_____ - -ship - - v. to transport; n. a large boat -_____ - -shock - - v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly - affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake -_____ - -shoe - - n. a covering for the foot -_____ - -shoot - - v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to - kill; to use a gun -_____ - -short - - ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall -_____ - -should - - v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We - should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that - something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be - punished.") -_____ - -shout - - v. to speak very loudly -_____ - -show - - v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story - presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for - enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public -_____ - -shrink - - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value -_____ - -sick - - ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; - not in good health -_____ - -sickness - - n. the condition of being in bad health -_____ - -side - - n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; - parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body -_____ - -sign - - v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; - evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of - material with writing that gives information -_____ - -signal - - v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a - message -_____ - -silence - - v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of - noise or sound -_____ - -silver - - n. a valued white metal -_____ - -similar - - ad. like something else but not exactly the same -_____ - -simple - - ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex -_____ - -since - - prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we - went to school together.") -_____ - -sing - - v. to make music sounds with the voice -_____ - -single - - ad. one only -_____ - -sink - - v. to go down into water or other liquid -_____ - -sister - - n. a female with the same father or mother as another person -_____ - -sit - - v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the - legs; to become seated -_____ - -situation - - n. the way things are during a period of time -_____ - -size - - n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something - is -_____ - -skeleton - - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal - positions -_____ - -skill - - n. the ability gained from training or experience -_____ - -skin - - n. the outer covering of humans and most animals -_____ - -sky - - n. the space above the earth -_____ - -slave - - n. a person owned or controlled by another -_____ - -sleep - - v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed -_____ - -slide - - v. to move smoothly over a surface -_____ - -slow - - v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other - activities -_____ - -small - - ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite - large -_____ - -smash - - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move - with >force -_____ - -smell - - v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the - smell of food cooking") -_____ - -smoke - - v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and - breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air - like a cloud from something burning -_____ - -smooth - - ad. having a level surface; opposite rough -_____ - -snow - - n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually - in winter or when the air temperature is very cold -_____ - -so - - ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it."); - also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); - as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in - order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the - plans.") -_____ - -social - - ad. of or about people or a group -_____ - -soft - - ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud -_____ - -soil - - n. earth in which plants grow -_____ - -soldier - - n. a person in the army -_____ - -solid - - ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in - the form of a liquid or gas -_____ - -solve - - v. to find an answer; to settle -_____ - -some - - ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all -_____ - -son - - n. a person's male child -_____ - -soon - - ad. not long after the present time; quickly -_____ - -sort - - n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in - some way; a kind of something -_____ - -sound - - n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in - hearing; that which is heard -_____ - -south - - n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun -_____ - -space - - n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, - planets and stars are; the area between or inside things -_____ - -speak - - v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to - others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group -_____ - -special - - ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or - more important than others of the same kind -_____ - -speech - - n. a talk given to a group of people -_____ - -speed - - v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something - moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done -_____ - -spend - - v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.") -_____ - -spill - - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident -_____ - -spirit - - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to - thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain - alive after death -_____ - -split - - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts -_____ - -sport - - n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or - skill -_____ - -spread - - v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known -_____ - -spring - - n. the time of the year between winter and summer -_____ - -spy - - v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others - secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information - about another country -_____ - -square - - n. a flat shape having four equal sides -_____ - -stab - - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon -_____ - -stand - - v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a - surface; to be in one position or place -_____ - -star - - n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at - night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or - singer -_____ - -start - - v. to begin; to make something begin -_____ - -starve - - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food -_____ - -state - - v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation -_____ - -station - - n. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place - where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or - television broadcasts -_____ - -statue - - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, - wood or metal -_____ - -stay - - v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live - for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.") -_____ - -steal - - v. to take without permission or paying -_____ - -steam - - n. the gas that comes from hot water -_____ - -steel - - n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances -_____ - -step - - v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. - the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a - goal -_____ - -stick - - v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will - hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement - is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece - of wood -_____ - -still - - ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a - stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was - difficult, but she still wanted to do it.") -_____ - -stone - - n. a small piece of rock -_____ - -stop - - v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end -_____ - -store - - v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy - things -_____ - -storm - - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow -_____ - -story - - n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined -_____ - -stove - - n. a heating device used for cooking -_____ - -straight - - ad. continuing in one direction without turns -_____ - -strange - - ad. unusual; not normal; not known -_____ - -street - - n. a road in a city, town or village -_____ - -stretch - - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider -_____ - -strike - - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, - more pay or to make other demands -_____ - -strong - - ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed -_____ - -structure - - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is - formed or organized in a special way; a building -_____ - -struggle - - v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight -_____ - -study - - v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine - carefully -_____ - -stupid - - ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent -_____ - -subject - - n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about -_____ - -submarine - - n. an underwater ship -_____ - -substance - - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas) -_____ - -substitute - - v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used - in place of another -_____ - -subversion - - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, - usually secretly -_____ - -succeed - - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result -_____ - -such - - ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to -_____ - -sudden - - ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or - without preparation -_____ - -suffer - - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or - sadness -_____ - -sugar - - n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants -_____ - -suggest - - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider -_____ - -suicide - - n. the act of killing oneself -_____ - -summer - - n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn -_____ - -sun - - n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth -_____ - -supervise - - v. to direct and observe the work of others -_____ - -supply - - v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given - or sold to others -_____ - -support - - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with - others and help them reach a goal; to approve -_____ - -suppose - - v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to - expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.") -_____ - -suppress - - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from - being known publicly -_____ - -sure - - ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question -_____ - -surface - - n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the - surface of the moon.") -_____ - -surplus - - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a - trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.") -_____ - -surprise - - v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n. - something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected -_____ - -surrender - - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; - to stop fighting and admit defeat -_____ - -surround - - v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or - something -_____ - -survive - - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation -_____ - -suspect - - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or - illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty -_____ - -suspend - - v. to cause to stop for a period of time -_____ - -swallow - - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth -_____ - -swear in - - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to - carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in - the president.") -_____ - -sweet - - ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar -_____ - -swim - - v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs -_____ - -sympathy - - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually - feelings of sadness -_____ - -system - - n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a - plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a - common purpose or goal -_____ - -take - - v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move - it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to - begin to be in control ("The president takes office tomorrow.") -_____ - -talk - - v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion -_____ - -tall - - ad. higher than others; opposite short -_____ - -tank - - n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle - with guns -_____ - -target - - n. any person or object aimed at or fired at -_____ - -taste - - v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.") -_____ - -tax - - n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the - government can provide services -_____ - -tea - - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name -_____ - -teach - - v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to - understand -_____ - -team - - n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports -_____ - -tear - - v. to pull apart, often by force -_____ - -technical - - ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry, - transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of - subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this - system works.") -_____ - -technology - - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and - services -_____ - -telephone - - n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over - distances -_____ - -telescope - - n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and - larger -_____ - -television - - n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into - pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by - electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on - a receiver -_____ - -tell - - v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to - command -_____ - -temperature - - n. the measurement of heat and cold -_____ - -temporary - - ad. lasting only a short time -_____ - -tense - - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm -_____ - -term - - n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries - out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the - conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved - in it -_____ - -terrible - - ad. very bad; causing terror or fear -_____ - -territory - - n. a large area of land -_____ - -terror - - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear -_____ - -terrorist - - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a - way to influence a government -_____ - -test - - v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will - act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine - soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how - it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes - place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a - person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.") -_____ - -than - - conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are - not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.") -_____ - -thank - - v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that - person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.") -_____ - -that - - ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man - is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about - ("The building that I saw was very large.") -_____ - -the - - pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing - that is known about or is being spoken about -_____ - -theater - - n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed -_____ - -them - - pro. other people being spoken about -_____ - -then - - ad. at that time; existing; and so -_____ - -theory - - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something - happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven - ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of - dinosaurs.") -_____ - -there - - ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place -_____ - -these - - pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been - spoken about already -_____ - -they - - pro. those ones being spoken about -_____ - -thick - - ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall - is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest - is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow - easily; opposite thin -_____ - -thin - - ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; - not wide; opposite thick -_____ - -thing - - n. any object -_____ - -think - - v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to - believe -_____ - -third - - ad. coming after two others -_____ - -this - - pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been - spoken about already -_____ - -threaten - - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage -_____ - -through - - prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top - to bottom; with the help of; by -_____ - -throw - - v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm -_____ - -tie - - v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins - or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade - ties.") -_____ - -time - - n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period - that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a - period when an event should or will take place -_____ - -tired - - ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or - rest -_____ - -to - - prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place - toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose -_____ - -today - - n. this day -_____ - -together - - ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation -_____ - -tomorrow - - n. the day after today -_____ - -tonight - - n. this night -_____ - -too - - ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary -_____ - -tool - - n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work -_____ - -top - - n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something -_____ - -torture - - v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to - harm, to punish or to get information from -_____ - -total - - n. the complete amount -_____ - -touch - - v. to put the hand or fingers on -_____ - -toward - - prep. in the direction of; leading to -_____ - -town - - n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large - as a city -_____ - -trade - - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity - of buying, selling or exchanging products or services -_____ - -tradition - - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time -_____ - -traffic - - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or - waterway -_____ - -tragic - - ad. extremely sad; terrible -_____ - -train - - v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; - n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad -_____ - -transport - - v. to move goods or people from one place to another -_____ - -transportation - - n. the act or business of moving goods or people -_____ - -trap - - v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or - escape; n. a device used to catch animals -_____ - -travel - - v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance -_____ - -treason - - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its - enemies -_____ - -treasure - - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value -_____ - -treat - - v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure -_____ - -treatment - - n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make - better -_____ - -treaty - - n. a written agreement between two or more nations -_____ - -tree - - n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves -_____ - -trial - - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a - charge is true -_____ - -tribe - - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader -_____ - -trick - - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or - her do something -_____ - -trip - - n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance -_____ - -troops - - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group -_____ - -trouble - - n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems -_____ - -truce - - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved -_____ - -truck - - n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods -_____ - -true - - ad. correct; not false -_____ - -trust - - v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm -_____ - -try - - v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide - if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime -_____ - -tube - - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a - long, thin container in which they can be kept -_____ - -turn - - v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change - color, form or shape -_____ - -under - - prep. below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law, - agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action - is not permitted under the law.") -_____ - -understand - - v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of -_____ - -unite - - v. to join together -_____ - -universe - - n. all of space, including planets and stars -_____ - -university - - n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and - research organizations -_____ - -unless - - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless - the rain stops.") -_____ - -until - - conj. up to a time; before -_____ - -up - - ad. to, in or at a higher position or value -_____ - -urge - - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do - something -_____ - -urgent - - ad. needing an immediate decision or action -_____ - -us - - pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he - would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us - yesterday.") -_____ - -use - - v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action -_____ - -usual - - ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard -_____ - -vacation - - n. a holiday; a period of time for travel, pleasure or rest, - especially one with pay given to an employee -_____ - -vaccine - - n. a substance containing killed or weakened organisms given to a - person or animal to produce protection against a disease -_____ - -valley - - n. a long area of land between higher areas of land -_____ - -value - - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of - money that could be received if something is sold -_____ - -vegetable - - n. a plant grown for food -_____ - -vehicle - - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be - transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck -_____ - -version - - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later - forms -_____ - -very - - ad. extremely ("He was very late.") -_____ - -veto - - v. to reject or refuse to approve -_____ - -victim - - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; - someone who is tricked -_____ - -victory - - n. a success in a fight or competition -_____ - -video - - n. a method of recording images and sound without a traditional film - camera to be shown on a television, computer or other device -_____ - -village - - n. a very small town -_____ - -violate - - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement) -_____ - -violence - - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage -_____ - -visa - - n. the official permission given to a person to enter a country where - he or she is not a citizen -_____ - -visit - - v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or - business reasons -_____ - -voice - - n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking -_____ - -volcano - - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can - explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air -_____ - -volunteer - - n. a person who chooses to do something without being asked, usually - without being paid -_____ - -vote - - v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision - expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing -_____ - -wages - - n. money received for work done -_____ - -wait - - v. to delay acting; to postpone -_____ - -walk - - v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other -_____ - -wall - - n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other - material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land -_____ - -want - - v. to desire; to wish for; to need -_____ - -war - - n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons -_____ - -warm - - ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat -_____ - -warn - - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad - that may happen -_____ - -wash - - v. to make clean, usually with water -_____ - -waste - - v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a - spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; - something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid - substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the - body -_____ - -watch - - v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for -_____ - -water - - n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, - rivers and oceans -_____ - -wave - - v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the - wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large - mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean -_____ - -way - - n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method -_____ - -we - - pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I - will go together, and we will return together.") -_____ - -weak - - ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite - strong -_____ - -wealth - - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value -_____ - -weapon - - n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or - war -_____ - -wear - - v. to have on the body, as clothes -_____ - -weather - - n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, - heat or cold -_____ - -Web site - - n. a collection of information prepared by a person or organization on - the World Wide Web of the Internet -_____ - -week - - n. a period of time equal to seven days -_____ - -weigh - - v. to measure how heavy someone or something is -_____ - -welcome - - v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something - develops -_____ - -well - - ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in - the ground where water, gas or oil can be found -_____ - -west - - n. the direction in which the sun goes down -_____ - -wet - - ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry -_____ - -what - - pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about - something ("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to - know what you would like to drink.") -_____ - -wheat - - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain -_____ - -wheel - - n. a round structure that turns around a center -_____ - -when - - ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj. - during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.") -_____ - -where - - ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house - where he lives is in the old part of the city.") -_____ - -whether - - conj. if it be the case or fact that (“He did not know whether he was - right or wrong.”) -_____ - -which - - pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or - people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take - the test?") -_____ - -while - - n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at - or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you - are running.") -_____ - -white - - ad. having the color like that of milk or snow -_____ - -who - - pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the - person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.") -_____ - -whole - - ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into - pieces -_____ - -why - - ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason - for which ("I do not know why she did it.") -_____ - -wide - - ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited -_____ - -wife - - n. a woman who is married -_____ - -wild - - ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or - supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled -_____ - -will - - v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will - hold talks tomorrow.") -_____ - -willing - - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about - the problem.") -_____ - -win - - v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, - election or battle -_____ - -wind - - n. a strong movement of air -_____ - -window - - n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with - glass -_____ - -winter - - n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring -_____ - -wire - - n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry - electricity or electronic communications from one place to another -_____ - -wise - - ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and - understanding to make good or correct decisions -_____ - -wish - - v. to want; to express a desire for -_____ - -with - - prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a - tool."); having ("the house with the red door") -_____ - -withdraw - - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove -_____ - -without - - prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing -_____ - -witness - - n. a person who saw and can tell about an action or event, sometimes - in a court of law -_____ - -woman - - n. an adult female human -_____ - -wonder - - v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a - feeling of surprise -_____ - -wonderful - - ad. causing wonder; especially good -_____ - -wood - - n. the solid material of which trees are made -_____ - -word - - n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language -_____ - -work - - v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the - effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the - job one does to earn money -_____ - -world - - n. the earth; the people who live on the earth -_____ - -worry - - v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, - can happen -_____ - -worse - - ad. more bad than -_____ - -worth - - n. value measured in money -_____ - -wound - - v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; - n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is - usually cut or broken -_____ - -wreck - - v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly - damaged or broken -_____ - -wreckage - - n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed -_____ - -write - - v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as - paper -_____ - -wrong - - ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right -_____ - -year - - n. a period of time equal to twelve months -_____ - -yellow - - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun -_____ - -yes - - ad. used to express agreement or to permit -_____ - -yesterday - - n. the day before today -_____ - -yet - - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this - time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was - shining, yet it was cold.") -_____ - -you - - pro. the person or persons being spoken to -_____ - -young - - ad. in the early years of life; not old -_____ - -zero - - n. the number meaning none or nothing -_____ - -zoo - - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study - -# COMMON PREFIXES -_____ - -dis- - - not (dishonest, disobey) -_____ - -pro- - - for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government) -_____ - -re- - - to do again (reorganize, reunite) -_____ - -self- - - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by - the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort - or power (self-declared, self-appointed) -_____ - -un- - - not (unusual, unhappy) - -#COMMON EXPRESSIONS -_____ - -carry out - - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.") -_____ - -pass a bill - - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.") -_____ - -take steps - - to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt - inflation.") - -# WORDS USED IN VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH SCIENCE PROGRAMS - -_____ - -atom - - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that - can join with parts of other elements -_____ - -bacteria - - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a - microscope; some cause disease -_____ - -cell - - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals -_____ - -chromosome - - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes -_____ - -compound - - a substance containing two or more elements -_____ - -dense - - close together; thick -_____ - -electron - - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force -_____ - -element - - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be - separated into other substances -_____ - -enzyme - - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances - without being changed itself -_____ - -fetus - - unborn young -_____ - -fission - - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to - produce nuclear energy -_____ - -fusion - - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined - together to produce nuclear energy -_____ - -genes - - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living - things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; - genes contain nucleic acid -_____ - -genetic engineering - - the science of changing the genes of a living organism -_____ - -gravity - - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth -_____ - -image - - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing -_____ - -laser - - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light -_____ - -magnet - - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this - pulling force is called magnetism -_____ - -molecule - - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist -_____ - -nerve - - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and - from the brain -_____ - -nucleus - - the center part of an atom or cell -_____ - -nucleic acid - - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; - there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and - RNA (ribonucleic acid) -_____ - -nutrient - - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow -_____ - -organ - - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or - brain -_____ - -organism - - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a - microscope -_____ - -particle - - a very small piece of matter -_____ - -proteins - - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged - tissue -_____ - -robot - - a machine that moves and performs tasks -_____ - -tissue - - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and - do the same thing -_____ - -virus - - a kind of organism that causes disease -_____ - -x-rays - - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often - used in medicine - -# ORGANS OF THE BODY - -_____ - -heart - - pumps blood through the body -_____ - -intestines - - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the - stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body -_____ - -kidney - - cleans liquid wastes from the body -_____ - -liver - - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood -_____ - -lung - - takes in and expels air from the body -_____ - -prostate - - a part of the male reproductive system -_____ - -stomach - - breaks down food for the body to use -_____ - -uterus - - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops