diff -r f089cd68ea7b -r 71c0f18aae32 gadict_voa.gadict --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/gadict_voa.gadict Sun Mar 13 20:10:11 2016 +0200 @@ -0,0 +1,9940 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8; -*- + +name: VOA Special English Word Book +url: http://gadict.defun.work +url: http://gadict.sourceforge.net +by: Oleksandr Gavenko +by: VOA (Voice of America) +term: Public Domain + +about: + + Materials placed in Public Domain as all materials from VOA (Voice of America). + + You can look to VOA disclaimer at: + + http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/disclaim.cfm + + Use http://web.archive.org/ to find this page. + + This dictionary based on origins from: + + http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-a.cfm + http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-b.cfm + ... + http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-z.cfm + + on 2010-02-12 which you can find with http://web.archive.org/ + + Older version of "Special English Word Book" have additional articles + with words from different domain: + + Common Expressions + Common Prefixes + Words Used in VOA Special English Science Programs + Organs of the Body + + I added this articles too (from version of 2004). + + Also this version have section "Parts of Speech", which you can see + below: + + n. (noun) - a name word + v. (verb) - an action word + ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word + prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation + pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun + conj. (conjunction) - a joining word + + Section "WORDS USED IN VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH SCIENCE PROGRAMS" marked as: + + topic: sci + + Section "ORGANS OF THE BODY" marked as: + + topic: body + + Further info available at: + + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_English +__ + +a +an + +adj +en: one; any; each +__ + +able + +v +en: having the power to do something +__ + +about + +adv +en: almost +ex:en: about half + +adj +en: of or having a relation to +en> We talk about the weather. +__ + +above + +adj +en: at a higher place +__ + +abuse + +n +en: bad treatment causing harm or injury +__ + +accept + +v +en: to agree to receive +__ + +accident + +n +en: something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event +__ + +accuse + +v +en: to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone +__ + +across + +adj +en: from side to side; to the other side +__ + +act + +v +en: to do something +__ + +activist + +n +en: one who seeks change through action +__ + +actor + +n +en: someone acting in a play or show +__ + +add + +v +en: to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more +__ + +administration + +n +en: the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister +__ + +admit + +v +en: to accept +en> admitted to the United Nations + +v +en: to express one's guilt or responsibility +en> He admitted that what he did was wrong. +__ + +adult + +n +en: a grown person +__ + +advertise + +v +en: to show or present the qualities of a product to increase sales +__ + +advise + +v +en: to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision +__ + +affect + +v +en: to produce an effect on; to influence +en> A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance. +__ + +afraid + +adj +en: feeling fear +__ + +after + +prep +adj +en: later; behind +__ + +again + +adv +en: another time; as before +__ + +against + +prep +en: opposed to; not agreeing with something +__ + +age + +n +en: how old a person or thing is +__ + +agency + +n +en: an organization that is part of a larger group +en> an agency of the United Nations +__ + +aggression + +n +en: an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders +__ + +ago + +adv +en: of time past; before now +__ + +agree + +v +en: to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something +__ + +agriculture + +n +en: farming +__ + +aid + +v +en: to help; to support + +n +en: help, assistance +__ + +aim + +v +en: to point a gun at + +n +en: a goal or purpose +__ + +air + +n +en: the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe +__ + +air force + +n +en: a military organization using airplanes +__ + +airplane + +n +en: a vehicle with wings that flies +__ + +airport + +n +en: a place where airplanes take off and land +__ + +album + +n +en: a collection of recorded music +__ + +alcohol + +n +en: a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products +__ + +alive + +adj +en: having life; not dead +__ + +all + +adv +en: everything; everyone; the complete amount +__ + +ally + +n +en: a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose +__ + +almost + +adv +en: a little less than completely +__ + +alone + +adj +en: separated from others +__ + +along + +adv +en: near or on +en> along the road +__ + +already + +adv +en: before now; even now +__ + +also + +adv +en: added to; too +__ + +although + +conj +en: even if it is true that +__ + +always + +adv +en: at all times; every time +__ + +ambassador + +n +en: a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another government) +__ + +amend + +v +en: to add to or to change (a proposal or law) +__ + +ammunition + +n +en: the bullets or shells fired from guns +__ + +among + +prep + +en: in or part of (a group) +__ + +amount + +n +en: the number, size or weight of anything +__ + +anarchy + +n +en: a lack of order; lawlessness +__ + +ancestor + +n +en: a family member from the past +__ + +ancient + + ad. very old; long ago +__ + +and + +conj +en: also; in addition to; with +__ + +anger + +n +en: a strong emotion against someone or something +__ + +animal + +n +en: a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat +__ + +anniversary + +n +en: a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the + past +__ + +announce + +v +en: to make known publicly; to declare officially +__ + +another + + ad. one more; a different one +__ + +answer + +n +en: a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after + being asked a question +__ + +any + + ad. one or more of no special kind +__ + +apologize + +v +en: to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts + responsibility +__ + +appeal + +v +en: to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call + on somebody for help +__ + +appear + +v +en: to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem +__ + +appoint + +v +en: to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") +__ + +approve + +v +en: to agree with; to agree to support +__ + +archeology + +n +en: the scientific study of past human life and activities +__ + +area + +n +en: any place or part of it +__ + +argue + +v +en: to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree +__ + +arms + +n +en: military equipment; weapons +__ + +army + +n +en: military ground forces +__ + +around + + ad. on every side (of) +__ + +arrest + +v +en: to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner +__ + +arrive + +v +en: to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip +__ + +art + +n +en: expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, + writing or statues +__ + +artillery + +n +en: big guns +__ + +as + +conj +en: equally ("as fast as"); when; while +__ + +ash + +n +en: the part left after something burns +__ + +ask + +v +en: to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher + questions every day.") +__ + +assist + +v +en: to help +__ + +astronaut + +n +en: a person who travels in space +__ + +astronomy + +n +en: the scientific study of stars and the universe +__ + +asylum + +n +en: political protection given by a government to a person from another + country +__ + +at + +prep +en: in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon") +__ + +atmosphere + +n +en: the gases surrounding any star or planet +__ + +attach + +v +en: to tie together; to connect +__ + +attack + +n +en: a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight +__ + +attempt + +v +en: to work toward something; to try; to make an effort +__ + +attend + +v +en: to be present at +__ + +attention + +n +en: close or careful observing of, or listening to, someone or + something (“The student paid attention to his teacher.”) +__ + +automobile + +n +en: a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car +__ + +autumn + +n +en: the time of the year between summer and winter +__ + +available + + ad. present and ready for use; willing to serve or help. (“There was a + list of available candidates.”) +__ + +average + +n +en: something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal +__ + +avoid + +v +en: to stay away from +__ + +awake + + ad. not sleeping +__ + +award + +n +en: an honor or prize for an act or service +__ + +away + + ad. not near +__ + +baby + +n +en: a newly born creature +__ + +back + +n +en: the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward +__ + +bad + + ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good +__ + +balance + +v +en: to make two sides or forces equal +__ + +ball + +n +en: something round +__ + +balloon + +n +en: a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas + lighter than air +__ + +ballot + +n +en: a piece of paper used for voting +__ + +ban + +v +en: to not permit; to stop + +n +en: an official restriction +__ + +bank + +n +en: an organization that keeps and lends money +__ + +bar + +v +en: to prevent or block +__ + +barrier + +n +en: anything that blocks or makes an action difficult +__ + +base + +n +en: a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was + based on experiments.") +__ + +battle + +n +en: a fight between opposing armed forces +__ + +be + +v +en: to live; to happen; to exist +__ + +beat + +v +en: to hit again and again +__ + +beauty + +n +en: that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit +__ + +because + +prep +en: for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.") +__ + +become + +v +en: to come to be +__ + +bed + +n +en: a sleeping place +__ + +before + +prep +en: earlier +__ + +begin + +v +en: to do the first part of an action; to start +__ + +behavior + +n +en: the way in which a person or animal acts (“The child’s behavior was + bad because he fought with other children.”) +__ + +behind + + ad. at the back of; in back of +__ + +believe + +v +en: to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust +__ + +belong + +v +en: to be owned by; to be a member of +__ + +below + + ad. lower than +__ + +best + + ad. the most good +__ + +betray + +v +en: to turn against; to be false to +__ + +better + + ad. more good than +__ + +between + + ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks + between two nations") +__ + +big + + ad. of great size; not small +__ + +bill + +n +en: a legislative proposal +__ + +biology + +n +en: the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms +__ + +bird + +n +en: a creature that flies +__ + +bite + +v +en: to cut with the teeth +__ + +black + + ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky +__ + +blame + +v +en: to accuse; to hold responsible +__ + +bleed + +v +en: to lose blood +__ + +blind + + ad. not able to see +__ + +block + +v +en: to stop something from being done; to prevent movement +__ + +blood + +n +en: red fluid in the body +__ + +blow + +v +en: to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") +__ + +blue + + ad. having the color like that of a clear sky +__ + +boat + +n +en: something built to travel on water that carries people or goods +__ + +body + +n +en: all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal +__ + +boil + +v +en: to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot +__ + +bomb + +n +en: a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy + with bombs +__ + +bone + +n +en: the hard material in the body +__ + +book + +n +en: a long written work for reading +__ + +border + +n +en: a dividing line between nations +__ + +born + +v +en: to come to life; to come into existence +__ + +borrow + +v +en: to take as a loan +__ + +both + + ad. not just one of two, but the two together +__ + +bottle + +n +en: a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid +__ + +bottom + + ad. the lowest part of something +__ + +box + +n +en: something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or + wood +__ + +boy + +n +en: a young male person +__ + +boycott + +v +en: to refuse to take part in or deal with +__ + +brain + +n +en: the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all + creatures +__ + +brave + + ad. having no fear +__ + +bread + +n +en: a food made from grain +__ + +break + +v +en: to divide into parts by force; to destroy +__ + +breathe + +v +en: to take air into the body and let it out again +__ + +bridge + +n +en: a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and + vehicles can cross from one side to the other +__ + +brief + + ad. short; not long +__ + +bright + + ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color +__ + +bring + +v +en: to come with something +__ + +broadcast + +v +en: to send information, stories or music by radio or television + +n +en: a radio or television program +__ + +brother + +n +en: a male with the same father or mother as another person +__ + +brown + + ad. having the color like that of coffee +__ + +budget + +n +en: a spending plan +__ + +build + +v +en: to join materials together to make something +__ + +building + +n +en: anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store + or place of entertainment +__ + +bullet + +n +en: a small piece of metal shot from a gun +__ + +burn + +v +en: to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire +__ + +burst + +v +en: to break open suddenly +__ + +bury + +v +en: to put into the ground and cover with earth +__ + +bus + +n +en: a public vehicle to carry people +__ + +business + +n +en: one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade +__ + +busy + + ad. doing something; very active +__ + +but + +conj +en: however; other than; yet +__ + +buy + +v +en: to get by paying something, usually money +__ + +by + +conj +en: near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William + Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight") +__ + +cabinet + +n +en: a group of ministers that helps lead a government +__ + +call + +v +en: to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request + ("They called for an end to the fighting.") +__ + +calm + + ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense +__ + +camera + +n +en: a device for taking pictures +__ + +camp + +n +en: a place with temporary housing +__ + +campaign + +n +en: a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from + voters; a connected series of military actions during a war +__ + +can + +v +en: to be able to; to have the right to + +n +en: a container used to hold liquid or food, usually made of metal +__ + +cancel + +v +en: to end; to stop +__ + +cancer + +n +en: a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts + of the body +__ + +candidate + +n +en: a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor +__ + +capital + +n +en: the official center of a government; the city where a country's + government is +__ + +capture + +v +en: to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; + to get control of +__ + +car + +n +en: a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part + of a train +__ + +care + +v +en: to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest +__ + +career + +n +en: a chosen profession; a person’s working life (“The actor’s career + lasted for thirty years.”) +__ + +careful + + ad. acting safely; with much thought +__ + +carry + +v +en: to take something or someone from one place to another +__ + +case (court) + +n +en: a legal action +__ + +case (medical) + +n +en: an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at + the school.") +__ + +cat + +n +en: a small animal that often lives with humans +__ + +catch + +v +en: to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands +__ + +cause + +v +en: to make happen + +n +en: the thing or person that produces a result +__ + +ceasefire + +n +en: a halt in fighting, usually by agreement +__ + +celebrate + +v +en: to honor a person or event with special activities +__ + +center + +n +en: the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is + the main point of an activity +__ + +century + +n +en: one hundred years +__ + +ceremony + +n +en: an act or series of acts done in a special way established by + tradition +__ + +chairman + +n +en: a person leading a meeting or an organized group +__ + +champion + +n +en: the best; the winner +__ + +chance + +n +en: a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen +__ + +change + +v +en: to make different; to become different +__ + +charge + +v +en: to accuse someone of something, usually a crime + +n +en: a statement in which someone is accused of something +__ + +chase + +v +en: to run or go after someone or something +__ + +cheat + +v +en: to get by a trick; to steal from +__ + +cheer + +v +en: to shout approval or praise +__ + +chemicals + +n +en: elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the + science of chemistry +__ + +chemistry + +n +en: the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they + act under different conditions, and how they form other substances +__ + +chief + +n +en: the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important +__ + +child + +n +en: a baby; a boy or girl +__ + +children + +n +en: more than one child +__ + +choose + +v +en: to decide between two or more +__ + +circle + +n +en: a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the + center, like an "O" +__ + +citizen + +n +en: a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law +__ + +city + +n +en: any important large town +__ + +civil rights + +n +en: the political, economic and social rights given equally to all + people of a nation +__ + +civilian + + ad. not military +__ + +claim + +v +en: to say something as a fact +__ + +clash + +n +en: a battle; v. to fight or oppose +__ + +class + +n +en: a group of students who meet to study the same subject; also, a + social or economic group. ("They were members of the middle class.") +__ + +clean + +v +en: to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean + water") +__ + +clear + + ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood +__ + +clergy + +n +en: a body of officials within a religious organization +__ + +climate + +n +en: the normal weather conditions of a place +__ + +climb + +v +en: to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the + hands +__ + +clock + +n +en: a device that measures and shows time +__ + +close + +v +en: to make something not open; ad. near to +__ + +cloth + +n +en: a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other + substances +__ + +clothes + +n +en: what people wear +__ + +cloud + +n +en: a mass of fog high in the sky +__ + +coal + +n +en: a solid black substance used as fuel +__ + +coalition + +n +en: forces, groups or nations joined together +__ + +coast + +n +en: land on the edge of the ocean +__ + +coffee + +n +en: a drink made from the plant of the same name +__ + +cold + + ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature +__ + +collapse + +v +en: to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down or fail suddenly in + strength, health or power. (“The building collapsed in the + earthquake.” “The government collapsed after a vote in parliament.”) +__ + +collect + +v +en: to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive + ("collect taxes") +__ + +college + +n +en: a small university +__ + +colony + +n +en: land controlled by another country or government +__ + +color + +n +en: the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, + black, yellow and others +__ + +combine + +v +en: to mix or bring together +__ + +come + +v +en: to move toward; to arrive +__ + +command + +v +en: to order; to have power over something +__ + +comment + +v +en: to say something about; to express an opinion about something +__ + +committee + +n +en: a group of people given special work +__ + +common + + ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose") +__ + +communicate + +v +en: to tell; to give or exchange information +__ + +community + +n +en: a group of people living together in one place or area +__ + +company + +n +en: a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes +__ + +compare + +v +en: to examine what is different or similar +__ + +compete + +v +en: to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others +__ + +complete + + ad. having all parts; ended or finished +__ + +complex + + ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not + simple +__ + +compromise + +n +en: the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less + than first demanded +__ + +computer + +n +en: an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and + for communicating with others +__ + +concern + +n +en: interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be + concerned") +__ + +condemn + +v +en: to say a person or action is wrong or bad +__ + +condition + +n +en: something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's + health +__ + +conference + +n +en: a meeting +__ + +confirm + +v +en: to approve; to say that something is true +__ + +conflict + +n +en: a fight; a battle, especially a long one +__ + +congratulate + +v +en: to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck +__ + +Congress + +n +en: the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United + States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar + organization in other countries +__ + +connect + +v +en: to join one thing to another; to unite; to link +__ + +conservative + +n +en: one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change +__ + +consider + +v +en: to give thought to; to think about carefully +__ + +constitution + +n +en: the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of + government +__ + +contact + +n +en: the act of touching or being close to a person or thing (“He was in + contact with animals that had the disease.”) v. to meet or communicate + with (“He wanted to contact his local official.”) +__ + +contain + +v +en: to hold; to include +__ + +container + +n +en: a box, bottle or can used to hold something +__ + +continent + +n +en: any of the seven great land areas of the world +__ + +continue + +v +en: to go on doing or being +__ + +control + +v +en: to direct; to have power over +__ + +convention + +n +en: a large meeting for a special purpose +__ + +cook + +v +en: to heat food before eating it +__ + +cool + + ad. almost cold +__ + +cooperate + +v +en: to act or work together +__ + +copy + +v +en: to make something exactly like another + +n +en: something made to look exactly like another +__ + +corn + +n +en: a food grain +__ + +correct + + ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right +__ + +corruption + +n +en: actions taken to gain money or power that are legally or morally + wrong +__ + +cost + +n +en: the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five + dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") +__ + +cotton + +n +en: a material made from a plant of the same name +__ + +count + +v +en: to speak or add numbers +__ + +country + +n +en: a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities +__ + +court + +n +en: where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law +__ + +cover + +v +en: to put something over a person or thing + +n +en: anything that is put over a person or thing +__ + +cow + +n +en: a farm animal used for its milk +__ + +crash + +v +en: to fall violently; to hit with great force +__ + +create + +v +en: to make; to give life or form to +__ + +creature + +n +en: any living being; any animal or human +__ + +credit + +n +en: an agreement that payments will be made at a later time +__ + +crew + +n +en: a group of people working together +__ + +crime + +n +en: an act that violates a law +__ + +criminal + +n +en: a person who is responsible for a crime +__ + +crisis + +n +en: an extremely important time when something may become much better + or worse; a dangerous situation +__ + +criticize + +v +en: to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to + judge +__ + +crops + +n +en: plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits + and vegetables +__ + +cross + +v +en: to go from one side to another; to go across +__ + +crowd + +n +en: a large number of people gathered in one place +__ + +crush + +v +en: to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely +__ + +cry + +v +en: to express or show sorrow or pain +__ + +culture + +n +en: all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population +__ + +cure + +v +en: to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the + disease.") + +n +en: something that makes a sick person well +en> Antibiotics are a cure for infection. +__ + +curfew + +n +en: an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses +__ + +current + +n +en: movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time +en> She found the report in a current publication. +__ + +custom + +n +en: a long-established belief or activity of a people +__ + +customs + +n +en: taxes on imports +__ + +cut + +v +en: to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce +__ + +dam + +n +en: a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water +__ + +damage + +v +en: to cause injury or destruction + +n +en: harm; hurt or injury, usually to things +__ + +dance + +v +en: to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music +__ + +danger + +n +en: a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss +__ + +dark + + ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") +__ + +date + +n +en: an expression of time; a day, month and year +__ + +daughter + +n +en: a person's female child +__ + +day + +n +en: twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight +__ + +dead + + ad. not living +__ + +deaf + + ad. not able to hear +__ + +deal + +v +en: to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of + pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") +__ + +debate + +v +en: to argue for or against something + +n +en: a public discussion or argument +__ + +debt + +n +en: something that is owed; the condition of owing +__ + +decide + +v +en: to choose; to settle; to judge +__ + +declare + +v +en: to say; to make a statement +__ + +decrease + +v +en: to make less in size or amount +__ + +deep + + ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom +__ + +defeat + +v +en: to cause to lose in a battle or struggle + +n +en: a loss; the condition of having lost +__ + +defend + +v +en: to guard or fight against attack; to protect +__ + +deficit + +n +en: a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or + imports are greater than exports +__ + +define + +v +en: to give the meaning of; to explain +__ + +degree + +n +en: a measure of temperature +__ + +delay + +v +en: to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to + be late +__ + +delegate + +n +en: one sent to act for another; one who represents another +__ + +demand + +v +en: to ask by ordering; to ask with force +__ + +democracy + +n +en: the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders + or to make other important decisions +__ + +demonstrate + +v +en: to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd + demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using + examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") +__ + +denounce + +v +en: to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely +__ + +deny + +v +en: to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request +__ + +depend + +v +en: to need help and support +__ + +deplore + +v +en: to regret strongly; to express sadness +__ + +deploy + +v +en: to move forces or weapons into positions for action +__ + +depression + +n +en: severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic + activity during which many people lose their jobs +__ + +describe + +v +en: to give a word picture of something; to give details of something +__ + +desert + +n +en: a dry area of land +__ + +design + +v +en: to plan or create plans for +__ + +desire + +v +en: to want very much; to wish for +__ + +destroy + +v +en: to break into pieces; to end the existence of +__ + +detail + +n +en: a small part of something; a small piece of information +__ + +detain + +v +en: to keep or hold (“The police detained several suspects for + questioning.”) +__ + +develop + +v +en: to grow; to create; to experience progress +__ + +device + +n +en: a piece of equipment made for a special purpose +__ + +dictator + +n +en: a ruler with complete power +__ + +die + +v +en: to become dead; to stop living; to end +__ + +diet + +n +en: usual daily food and drink +__ + +different + + ad. not the same +__ + +difficult + + ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out +__ + +dig + +v +en: to make a hole in the ground +__ + +dinner + +n +en: the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its + dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official + dinner took place at the White House.") +__ + +diplomat + +n +en: a person who represents his or her government in dealing with + another government +__ + +direct + +v +en: to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); + ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing + ("The path is direct.") +__ + +direction + +n +en: the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came + from or went to +__ + +dirt + +n +en: earth or soil +__ + +disappear + +v +en: to become unseen; to no longer exist +__ + +disarm + +v +en: to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb + harmless by removing its exploding device +__ + +disaster + +n +en: an event causing widespread destruction or loss of life, such as an + earthquake or plane crash +__ + +discover + +v +en: to find or learn something +__ + +discrimination + +n +en: unfair treatment or consideration based on opinions about a whole + group instead of on the qualities of an individual. (“He was accused + of discrimination against people from other countries.”) +__ + +discuss + +v +en: to talk about; to exchange ideas +__ + +disease + +n +en: a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or + bacteria +__ + +dismiss + +v +en: to send away; to refuse to consider +__ + +dispute + +v +en: to oppose strongly by argument + +n +en: an angry debate +__ + +dissident + +n +en: a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government +__ + +distance + +n +en: the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance + from my house to your house is two kilometers.") +__ + +dive + +v +en: to jump into water head first +__ + +divide + +v +en: to separate into two or more parts +__ + +do + +v +en: to act; to make an effort +__ + +doctor + +n +en: a person trained in medicine to treat sick people +__ + +document + +n +en: an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof + or support of something +__ + +dog + +n +en: a small animal that often lives with humans +__ + +dollar + +n +en: United States money, one hundred cents +__ + +donate + +v +en: to present something as a gift to an organization, country or + cause. (“She donated money to the Red Cross to help survivors of the + earthquake.”) +__ + +door + +n +en: an opening for entering or leaving a building or room +__ + +double + +v +en: to increase two times as much in size, strength or number +__ + +down + + ad. from higher to lower; in a low place +__ + +dream + +v +en: to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep + +n +en: a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future +__ + +drink + +v +en: to take liquid into the body through the mouth +__ + +drive + +v +en: to control a moving vehicle +__ + +drop + +v +en: to fall or let fall; to go lower +__ + +drown + +v +en: to die under water +__ + +drug + +n +en: anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical + substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind +__ + +dry + + ad. not wet; without rain +__ + +during + + ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) +__ + +dust + +n +en: pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air +__ + +duty + +n +en: one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right + and just +__ + +each + + ad. every one by itself +__ + +early + + ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; + opposite late +__ + +earn + +v +en: to be paid in return for work done +__ + +earth + +n +en: the planet we all live on; the ground or soil +__ + +earthquake + +n +en: a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface +__ + +ease + +v +en: to reduce; to make less difficult +__ + +east + +n +en: the direction from which the sun rises +__ + +easy + + ad. not difficult; not hard to do +__ + +eat + +v +en: to take food into the body through the mouth +__ + +ecology + +n +en: the scientific study of the environment and links among living and + material things +__ + +economy + +n +en: the system by which money, industry and trade are organized +__ + +edge + +n +en: the line where something ends or begins +__ + +education + +n +en: the act of teaching +__ + +effect + +n +en: the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious + effect on the economy.") +__ + +effort + +n +en: an attempt; the work necessary to do something +__ + +egg + +n +en: the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female + birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal + that can develop into a baby +__ + +either + + ad. one of two, but not the other +__ + +elect + +v +en: to choose by voting +__ + +electricity + +n +en: a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and + light, and power to machines +__ + +embassy + +n +en: the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants +__ + +embryo + +n +en: a human or animal in the earliest stages of its development +__ + +emergency + +n +en: an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action +__ + +emotion + +n +en: a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness +__ + +employ + +v +en: to give work in return for wages +__ + +empty + + ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything +__ + +end + +v +en: to stop; to finish + +n +en: the part which comes last +__ + +enemy + +n +en: a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the + other side in a war +__ + +energy + +n +en: power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and + willingness to be active +__ + +enforce + +v +en: to make something be done +__ + +engine + +n +en: a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work +__ + +engineer + +n +en: a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads +__ + +enjoy + +v +en: to be pleased or satisfied by something +__ + +enough + + ad. as much as necessary + +pron +en: the amount needed +__ + +enter + +v +en: to come or go into +__ + +environment + +n +en: all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; + the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals +__ + +equal + + ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights +__ + +equipment + +n +en: things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity +__ + +escape + +v +en: to get free; to get away from; to get out of +__ + +especially + + ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") +__ + +establish + +v +en: to bring into existence; to create +__ + +estimate + +v +en: to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than + complete information +__ + +ethnic + + ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of + their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived +__ + +evaporate + +v +en: to change from a liquid into a gas +__ + +even + + ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the + building was destroyed.") +__ + +event + +n +en: that which happens, especially something of importance +__ + +ever + + ad. at any time +__ + +every + + ad. each one; all +__ + +evidence + +n +en: material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing +__ + +evil + + ad. not good; extremely bad +__ + +exact + + ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail +__ + +examine + +v +en: to study closely +__ + +example + +n +en: a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like +__ + +excellent + + ad. extremely good +__ + +except + +prep +en: but for +__ + +exchange + +v +en: to trade; to give or receive one thing for another +__ + +excuse + +v +en: to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive + +n +en: a reason (sometimes false) for an action +__ + +execute + +v +en: to kill +__ + +exercise + +n +en: an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to + stay in good health +__ + +exile + +v +en: to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel + +n +en: a person who is forced to leave his or her country +__ + +exist + +v +en: to be; to live +__ + +expand + +v +en: to make larger; to grow larger +__ + +expect + +v +en: to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an + event +__ + +expel + +v +en: to force out; to remove from; to send away +__ + +experience + +v +en: to live through an event, situation or condition +en> She experienced great pain. + +n +en: something that one has done or lived through +en> The experience caused her great pain. +__ + +experiment + +v +en: to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true + or false, or to discover something +__ + +expert + +n +en: a person with special knowledge or training +__ + +explain + +v +en: to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning +__ + +explode + +v +en: to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb +__ + +explore + +v +en: to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; + to make a careful search; to examine closely +__ + +export + +v +en: to send to another country + +n +en: something sent to another country, usually for sale +__ + +express + +v +en: to say clearly +__ + +extend + +v +en: to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time +__ + +extra + + ad. more than normal, expected or necessary +__ + +extraordinary + + ad. far greater or better than the usual or normal +__ + +extreme + + ad. more than the usual or accepted +__ + +extremist + +n +en: a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an + extreme or violent way +__ + +face + +n +en: the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to + turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger +__ + +fact + +n +en: something known or proved to be true +__ + +factory + +n +en: a building or group of buildings where goods are made +__ + +fail + +v +en: to not succeed; to not reach a goal +__ + +fair + + ad. just; honest; what is right +__ + +fall + +v +en: to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower + position +__ + +false + + ad. not true; not correct +__ + +family + +n +en: the group that includes children and their parents +__ + +famous + + ad. known very well to many people +__ + +fan + +n +en: a person who actively supports a sport, activity or performer (“The + baseball fan attended every game his team played.”) +__ + +far + + ad. at, to or from a great distance +__ + +farm + +n +en: land used to grow crops and animals for food +__ + +fast + + ad. moving or working at great speed; quick +__ + +fat + +n +en: tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and + to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy +__ + +father + +n +en: the male parent; a man who has a child or children +__ + +favorite + + ad. liked more than others (“Ice cream was her favorite food.”) +__ + +fear + +v +en: to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen + ("He feared falling down.") + +n +en: a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble +en> He had a fear that he would fall down. +__ + +federal + + ad. of or having to do with a national or central government +__ + +feed + +v +en: to give food to +__ + +feel + +v +en: to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching +__ + +female + +n +en: a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women +__ + +fence + +n +en: something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or + out +__ + +fertile + + ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much +__ + +few + + ad. not many; a small number of +__ + +field + +n +en: an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise + animals +__ + +fierce + + ad. extremely strong; violent; angry +__ + +fight + +v +en: to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; +n +en: the use of force; a battle +__ + +fill + +v +en: to put or pour something into a container until there is space for + no more +__ + +film + +v +en: to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion + picture or movie + +n +en: a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie +__ + +final + + ad. at the end; last +__ + +financial + + ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, + investments and banks +__ + +find + +v +en: to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to + decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") +__ + +fine + +n +en: a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. + very good; very small or thin +__ + +finish + +v +en: to complete; to end +__ + +fire + +v +en: to shoot a gun + +n +en: the heat and light produced by something burning +__ + +fireworks + +n +en: rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday + celebrations +__ + +firm + + ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") +__ + +first + + ad. coming before all others +__ + +fish + +n +en: a creature that lives and can breathe in water +__ + +fit + +v +en: to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") +__ + +fix + +v +en: to make good or right again +__ + +flag + +n +en: a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or + organization +__ + +flat + + ad. smooth; having no high places +__ + +flee + +v +en: to run away from +__ + +float + +v +en: to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water + or through air +__ + +flood + +v +en: to cover with water + +n +en: the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land +__ + +floor + +n +en: the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the + floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") +__ + +flow + +v +en: to move like a liquid +__ + +flower + +n +en: the colored part of plants that carry seeds +__ + +fluid + +n +en: any substance that can flow, such as a liquid +__ + +fly + +v +en: to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to + travel in an airplane or flying vehicle +__ + +fog + +n +en: a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close + to the ground +__ + +follow + +v +en: to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey +__ + +food + +n +en: that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength + and growth +__ + +fool + +v +en: to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick + +n +en: a person who is tricked easily +__ + +foot + +n +en: the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the + ground when a person or animal walks +__ + +for + +prep +en: because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me + one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for + one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be + employed by ("She works for a computer company.") +__ + +force + +v +en: to make someone do something or make something happen by using + power + +n +en: power, strength; strength used against a person or object; + military power of a nation; a military group +__ + +foreign + + ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or + country +__ + +forest + +n +en: a place of many trees +__ + +forget + +v +en: to not remember +__ + +forgive + +v +en: to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt +__ + +form + +v +en: to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team.") + +n +en: a kind +en> Swimming is a form of exercise. +__ + +former + + ad. earlier in time; not now +__ + +forward + + ad. the direction in front of; toward the front +__ + +free + +v +en: to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not + in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost +__ + +freedom + +n +en: the condition of being free +__ + +freeze + +v +en: to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold +__ + +fresh + + ad. newly made or gathered; recent +__ + +friend + +n +en: a person one likes and trusts +__ + +frighten + +v +en: to cause great fear +__ + +from + +prep +en: having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is + a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The + school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is + suffering from cancer.") +__ + +front + +n +en: the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first + part +__ + +fruit + +n +en: food from trees and plants +__ + +fuel + +n +en: any substance burned to create heat or power +__ + +full + + ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete +__ + +fun + +n +en: anything that is pleasing and causes happiness +__ + +funeral + +n +en: a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the + dead +__ + +future + +n +en: time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the + time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.") +__ + +gain + +v +en: to get possession of; to get more; to increase +__ + +game + +n +en: an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, + usually sports +__ + +gas + +n +en: any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns + to provide heat, light or power +__ + +gather + +v +en: to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect +__ + +general + +n +en: a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including + all or almost all +__ + +generation + +n +en: a group of individuals born and living at about the same time. + ("The mother and daughter represented two generations.") +__ + +genocide + +n +en: a plan of action to kill or destroy a national, religious, racial + or ethnic group +__ + +gentle + + ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent +__ + +get + +v +en: to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the + owner of +__ + +gift + +n +en: something given without cost +__ + +girl + +n +en: a young female person +__ + +give + +v +en: to present to another to keep without receiving payment +__ + +glass + +n +en: a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for + windows or for containers to hold liquids +__ + +go + +v +en: to move from one place to another; to leave +__ + +goal + +n +en: that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; + the end of a trip or race +__ + +god + +n +en: the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe + in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have + special powers +__ + +gold + +n +en: a highly valued yellow metal +__ + +good + + ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad +__ + +goods + +n +en: things owned or made to be sold +__ + +govern + +v +en: to control; to rule by military or political power +__ + +government + +n +en: a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a + country, city or area +__ + +grain + +n +en: the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and + corn; those plants that produce the seeds +__ + +grass + +n +en: a plant with long, narrow, green leaves +__ + +gray + + ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white +__ + +great + + ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; + important +__ + +green + + ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having + the color like that of growing leaves and grass +__ + +grind + +v +en: to reduce to small pieces by crushing +__ + +ground + +n +en: land; the earth's surface; soil +__ + +group + +n +en: a number of people or things together; a gathering of people + working for a common purpose +__ + +grow + +v +en: to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount +__ + +guarantee + +v +en: to promise a result; to promise that something will happen +__ + +guard + +v +en: to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the + president.") + +n +en: a person or thing that watches or protects +en> He is a prison guard. +__ + +guerrilla + +n +en: a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against + an official army or police +__ + +guide + +v +en: to lead to; to show the way + +n +en: one who shows the way +__ + +guilty + + ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible + for a bad action +__ + +gun + +n +en: a weapon that shoots bullets +__ + +hair + +n +en: the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the + head +__ + +half + +n +en: one of two equal parts of something +__ + +halt + +v +en: to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop +__ + +hang + +v +en: to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower + part is not; to kill by hanging +__ + +happen + +v +en: to become a fact or event; to take place +__ + +happy + + ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad +__ + +hard + + ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand; + needing much effort or force +__ + +harm + +v +en: to injure; to damage + +n +en: damage; hurt +__ + +harvest + +v +en: to gather crops + +n +en: the crop after it is gathered +__ + +hat + +n +en: a head cover +__ + +hate + +v +en: to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite + love +__ + +have + +v +en: to possess; to own; to hold +__ + +he + +pron +en: the boy or man who is being spoken about +__ + +head + +v +en: to lead; to command + +n +en: leader; chief; the top part of something; + the highest position +__ + +headquarters + +n +en: the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a + business or organization +__ + +heal + +v +en: to return to good health; to cure; to become well +__ + +health + +n +en: the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being + free from sickness or disease +__ + +hear + +v +en: to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about +__ + +heat + +v +en: to make hot or warm + +n +en: great warmth; that which is produced by burning fuel; energy from the sun +__ + +heavy + + ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force +__ + +helicopter + +n +en: a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one + place above the ground +__ + +help + +v +en: to give support; to assist; to make easier + +n +en: support; aid +__ + +here + + ad. in, to or at this place +__ + +hero + +n +en: a person honored for being brave or wise +__ + +hide + +v +en: to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret +__ + +high + + ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others +__ + +hijack + +v +en: to seize or take control of a vehicle by force +__ + +hill + +n +en: a small mountain +__ + +history + +n +en: the written record or description of past events; the study of the + past +__ + +hit + +v +en: to strike; to touch with force +__ + +hold + +v +en: to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one + position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to + organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.") +__ + +hole + +n +en: an opening; a torn or broken place in something +__ + +holiday + +n +en: a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to + honor or remember a person or event +__ + +holy + + ad. greatly honored in religion +__ + +home + +n +en: the building where a person lives, especially with family; the + place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one + lives +__ + +honest + + ad. truthful; able to be trusted +__ + +honor + +v +en: to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's + parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He + received many honors for his efforts to help others.") +__ + +hope + +v +en: to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will + happen as wanted; to want something to happen +__ + +horrible + + ad. causing great fear; terrible +__ + +horse + +n +en: a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work +__ + +hospital + +n +en: a place where sick or injured people are given medical care +__ + +hostage + +n +en: a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise + will be honored +__ + +hostile + + ad. ready to fight; ready for war +__ + +hot + + ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature +__ + +hotel + +n +en: a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers +__ + +hour + +n +en: a measure of time; sixty minutes +__ + +house + +n +en: a building in which people live; a country's parliament or + lawmaking group ("House of Representatives") +__ + +how + + ad. in what way; to what amount +__ + +however + +conj +en: yet; but +__ + +huge + + ad. very big; of great size +__ + +human + + ad. of or about people +__ + +humor + +n +en: the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh +__ + +hunger + +n +en: the need for food +__ + +hunt + +v +en: to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to + find +__ + +hurry + +v +en: to do or go fast +__ + +hurt + +v +en: to cause pain, injury or damage +__ + +husband + +n +en: a man who is married +__ + +I + +pron +en: the person speaking +__ + +ice + +n +en: frozen water +__ + +idea + +n +en: a thought or picture in the mind; a belief +__ + +identify + +v +en: to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are +__ + +if + +conj +en: on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.") +__ + +ignore + +v +en: to pay no attention to or refuse to consider (“The president + ignored the protesters outside his office.”) +__ + +illegal + + ad. not legal; in violation of a law +__ + +imagine + +v +en: to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea +__ + +immediate + + ad. without delay; very near in time or place +__ + +immigrant + +n +en: a person who arrives in a country to live there +__ + +import + +v +en: to bring from another country; n. something brought from another + country, usually for sale +__ + +important + + ad. having great meaning, value or power +__ + +improve + +v +en: to make better; to become better +__ + +in + +prep +en: inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during +__ + +incident + +n +en: an event or something that happens +__ + +incite + +v +en: to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or + violent +__ + +include + +v +en: to have; to make a part of +__ + +increase + +v +en: to make more in size or amount +__ + +independent + + ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free; + separate +__ + +individual + +n +en: one person +__ + +industry + +n +en: any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and + related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved + in manufacturing +__ + +infect + +v +en: to make sick with something that causes disease +__ + +inflation + +n +en: a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down +__ + +influence + +v +en: to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change +__ + +inform + +v +en: to tell; to give knowledge to +__ + +information + +n +en: knowledge; facts +__ + +inject + +v +en: to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the + body through the skin +__ + +injure + +v +en: to cause harm or damage to a person or animal +__ + +innocent + + ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action +__ + +insane + + ad. mentally sick +__ + +insect + +n +en: a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with + wings +__ + +inspect + +v +en: to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert +__ + +instead + + ad. in the place of; taking the place of +__ + +instrument + +n +en: a tool or device designed to do something or to make something +__ + +insult + +v +en: to say something or to do something that makes another person angry + or dishonored +__ + +intelligence + +n +en: the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying +__ + +intelligent + + ad. quick to understand or learn +__ + +intense + + ad. very strong; extremely serious +__ + +interest + +n +en: what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests." + "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a + business; money paid for the use of money borrowed +__ + +interfere + +v +en: to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the + activities of others, especially when not asked to do so +__ + +international + + ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole + world +__ + +Internet + +n +en: the extensive communications system that connects computers around + the world +__ + +intervene + +v +en: to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve +__ + +invade + +v +en: to enter an area or country by force with an army +__ + +invent + +v +en: to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing + or way of doing something +__ + +invest + +v +en: to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making + more money +__ + +investigate + +v +en: to study or examine all information about an event, situation or + charge; to search for the truth +__ + +invite + +v +en: to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or + gathering +__ + +involve + +v +en: to take part in; to become a part of; to include +__ + +iron + +n +en: a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools +__ + +island + +n +en: a land area with water all around it +__ + +issue + +n +en: an important problem or subject that people are discussing or + arguing about +__ + +it + +pron +en: a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The + sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.") +__ + +jail + +n +en: a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those + serving sentences for crimes that are not serious +__ + +jewel + +n +en: a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald +__ + +job + +n +en: the work that one does to earn money +__ + +join + +v +en: to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of +__ + +joint + + ad. shared by two or more +__ + +joke + +n +en: something done or said to cause others to laugh +__ + +judge + +v +en: to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal + one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court +__ + +jump + +v +en: to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air +__ + +jury + +n +en: a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial +__ + +just + + ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after + the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I + came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.") +__ + +justice + +n +en: the quality of being right, fair or lawful +__ + +keep + +v +en: to possess; to have for oneself +__ + +kick + +v +en: to hit with the foot +__ + +kidnap + +v +en: to seize and take away by force +__ + +kill + +v +en: to make dead; to cause to die +__ + +kind + +n +en: sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful +__ + +kiss + +v +en: to touch with the mouth to show love or honor +__ + +knife + +n +en: a tool or weapon used to cut +__ + +know + +v +en: to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to + recognize someone because you have met and talked together before +__ + +knowledge + +n +en: that which is known; learning or understanding +__ + +labor + +n +en: work; workers as a group +__ + +laboratory + +n +en: a room or place where experiments in science are done +__ + +lack + +v +en: to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having +__ + +lake + +n +en: a large area of fresh water surrounded by land +__ + +land + +v +en: to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports."); +n +en: the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground +__ + +language + +n +en: words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or + group +__ + +large + + ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite + small +__ + +last + +v +en: to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all + others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.") +__ + +late + + ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early +__ + +laugh + +v +en: to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings +__ + +launch + +v +en: to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space +__ + +law + +n +en: all or any rules made by a government +__ + +lead + +v +en: to show the way; to command; to control; to go first +__ + +leak + +v +en: to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole + (usually a gas or liquid) +__ + +learn + +v +en: to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts +__ + +leave + +v +en: to go away from; to let something stay where it is +__ + +left + + ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north; + opposite right +__ + +legal + + ad. of or in agreement with the law +__ + +legislature + +n +en: a government lawmaking group +__ + +lend + +v +en: to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of + money +__ + +less + + ad. smaller in amount; not as much +__ + +let + +v +en: to permit to do or to be; to make possible +__ + +letter + +n +en: a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to + another person +__ + +level + +n +en: the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the + position of something or someone +__ + +liberal + + ad. one who usually supports social progress or change +__ + +lie + +v +en: to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something + that one knows is not true +__ + +life + +n +en: the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living + things +__ + +lift + +v +en: to take or bring up to a higher place or level +__ + +light + +n +en: a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see; + anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy +__ + +lightning + +n +en: light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm +__ + +like + +v +en: to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something; + ad. in the same way as; similar to +__ + +limit + +v +en: to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number + permitted +__ + +line + +n +en: a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things + organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by + military forces +__ + +link + +v +en: to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation + between two or more things, situations or events +__ + +liquid + +n +en: a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like + water +__ + +list + +v +en: to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a + written series of names or things +__ + +listen + +v +en: to try to hear +__ + +literature + +n +en: all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a + country +__ + +little + + ad. not tall or big; a small amount +__ + +live + +v +en: to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive +__ + +load + +v +en: to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is + carried +__ + +loan + +n +en: money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest + payments; something borrowed +__ + +local + + ad. about or having to do with one place +__ + +lonely + + ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a + lonely man") +__ + +long + + ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for + much time +__ + +look + +v +en: to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to + seem to be +__ + +lose + +v +en: to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated +__ + +loud + + ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise +__ + +love + +v +en: to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes + involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something; + opposite hate +__ + +low + + ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground +__ + +loyal + + ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something +__ + +luck + +n +en: something that happens by chance +__ + +machine + +n +en: a device with moving parts used to do work +__ + +magazine + +n +en: a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information +__ + +mail + +n +en: letters, papers and other things sent through an official system, + such as a post office +__ + +main + + ad. the most important or largest +__ + +major + + ad. great in size, importance or amount +__ + +majority + +n +en: the greater number; more than half +__ + +make + +v +en: to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an + action; to cause to be or to become +__ + +male + +n +en: a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or + about men +__ + +man + +n +en: an adult male human +__ + +manufacture + +v +en: to make goods in large amounts +__ + +many + + ad. a large number or amount of +__ + +map + +n +en: a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it +__ + +march + +v +en: to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group + to protest about something +__ + +mark + +v +en: to make a sign or cut on something +__ + +market + +n +en: a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic + system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are + and how much money people are willing to pay for them +__ + +marry + +v +en: to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become + husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony) +__ + +mass + +n +en: an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large + size +__ + +mate + +v +en: to bring together a male and a female to create another creature +__ + +material + +n +en: the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or + from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone; + anything that can be made into something else +__ + +mathematics + +n +en: the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by + numbers and signs +__ + +matter + +n +en: anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of +__ + +may + +v +en: a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I + go?" "They may leave tomorrow.") +__ + +mayor + +n +en: the chief official of a city or town government +__ + +meal + +n +en: food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner +__ + +mean + +v +en: to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of +__ + +measure + +v +en: to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action + taken; a legislative proposal +__ + +meat + +n +en: the part of a dead animal used for food +__ + +media + +n +en: all public information organizations, including newspapers, + television and radio +__ + +medicine + +n +en: a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or + study of treating and curing disease or improving health +__ + +meet + +v +en: to come together with someone or something at the same time and + place +__ + +melt + +v +en: to make a solid into a liquid by heating it +__ + +member + +n +en: one of a group +__ + +memorial + +n +en: something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event +__ + +memory + +n +en: a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a + thing remembered +__ + +mental + + ad. about or having to do with the mind +__ + +message + +n +en: written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to + another person or group +__ + +metal + +n +en: a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold +__ + +method + +n +en: the way something is done +__ + +microscope + +n +en: a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be + studied +__ + +middle + +n +en: the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or + ends; ad. in the center +__ + +militant + +n +en: someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the + use of force or violence +__ + +military + +n +en: the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed + forces +__ + +militia + +n +en: an army of citizens instead of professional soldiers; an armed + force or private army +__ + +milk + +n +en: the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young +__ + +mind + +n +en: the thinking, feeling part of a person +__ + +mine + +v +en: to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place + in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the + ground or under water so it cannot be seen +__ + +mineral + +n +en: a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such + as coal or salt +__ + +minister + +n +en: a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime + minister,"foreign minister") +__ + +minor + + ad. small in size; of little importance +__ + +minority + +n +en: the smaller number; opposite majority +__ + +minute + +n +en: a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty + seconds +__ + +miss + +v +en: to fail to hit, see, reach or meet +__ + +missile + +n +en: any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes + when it reaches its target +__ + +missing + + ad. lost; not found +__ + +mistake + +n +en: a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge + that it was wrong +__ + +mix + +v +en: to put different things together to make one thing +__ + +mob + +n +en: a large group of wild or angry people +__ + +model + +n +en: an example; something, usually small, made to show how something + will look or work +__ + +moderate + + ad. not extreme +__ + +modern + + ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved +__ + +money + +n +en: pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things +__ + +month + +n +en: one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided +__ + +moon + +n +en: the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth + about every twenty-nine days +__ + +moral + + ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions +__ + +more + + ad. greater in size or amount +__ + +morning + +n +en: the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon +__ + +most + + ad. greatest in size or amount +__ + +mother + +n +en: the female parent; a woman who has a child or children +__ + +motion + +n +en: a movement; a continuing change of position or place +__ + +mountain + +n +en: a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around + it +__ + +mourn + +v +en: to express or feel sadness +__ + +move + +v +en: to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go +__ + +movement + +n +en: the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts + to reach a goal +__ + +movie + +n +en: a motion picture; a film +__ + +much + + ad. great in amount +__ + +murder + +v +en: to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another + person +__ + +music + +n +en: the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument +__ + +must + +v +en: a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to + school.") +__ + +mystery + +n +en: something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a + secret +__ + +name + +v +en: to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word by which a + person, animal or thing is known or called +__ + +narrow + + ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from + one side to the other +__ + +nation + +n +en: a country, together with its social and political systems +__ + +native + +n +en: someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there +__ + +natural + + ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind +__ + +nature + +n +en: all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by + humans; events or processes not caused by humans +__ + +navy + +n +en: the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea +__ + +near + + ad. not far; close to +__ + +necessary + + ad. needed to get a result or effect; required +__ + +need + +v +en: to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do +__ + +negotiate + +v +en: to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution +__ + +neighbor + +n +en: a person or country that is next to or near another +__ + +neither + + ad. not one or the other of two +__ + +neutral + + ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute +__ + +never + + ad. at no time; not ever +__ + +new + + ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, + bought or grown; another; different +__ + +news + +n +en: information about any recent events, especially as reported by the + media +__ + +next + + ad. coming immediately after; nearest +__ + +nice + + ad. pleasing; good; kind +__ + +night + +n +en: the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when + there is little or no light +__ + +no + + ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all +__ + +noise + +n +en: sound, especially when loud +__ + +nominate + +v +en: to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person + for an office or position +__ + +noon + +n +en: the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime +__ + +normal + +n +en: the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected +__ + +north + +n +en: the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun +__ + +not + + ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not + going.") +__ + +note + +v +en: to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written + to help a person remember; a short letter +__ + +nothing + +n +en: not anything; no thing +__ + +now + + ad. at this time; immediately +__ + +nowhere + + ad. not in, to or at any place +__ + +nuclear + + ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing + them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from + atoms +__ + +number + +n +en: a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things +__ + +obey + +v +en: to act as one is ordered to act +__ + +object + +v +en: to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something + not alive that can be seen or touched +__ + +observe + +v +en: to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something + ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.") +__ + +occupy + +v +en: to take and hold or to control by force +__ + +ocean + +n +en: the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of + the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water +__ + +of + +prep +en: made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among +__ + +off + + ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer + operating or continuing; not on; not connected +__ + +offensive + +n +en: a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking +__ + +offer + +v +en: to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that + which is presented or proposed +__ + +office + +n +en: a room or building where business or work is done; a public + position to which one is elected or appointed +__ + +officer + +n +en: a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a + member of a police force +__ + +official + +n +en: a person with power in an organization; a representative of an + organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the + government or someone in power +__ + +often + + ad. many times +__ + +oil + +n +en: a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; + a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel +__ + +old + + ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years +__ + +on + +prep +en: above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book + is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The + report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on + Wednesday.") +__ + +once + + ad. one time only +__ + +only + + ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two + dollars.") +__ + +open + +v +en: to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret +__ + +operate + +v +en: to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons +__ + +opinion + +n +en: a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking +__ + +oppose + +v +en: to be against; to fight against +__ + +opposite + + ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the + other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.") +__ + +oppress + +v +en: to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel + force or power +__ + +or + +conj +en: giving another of two choices; giving the last of several + choices +__ + +orbit + +v +en: to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or + way an object travels in space around another object or planet +__ + +order + +v +en: to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the + correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in + which people obey laws +__ + +organize + +v +en: to put in order; to put together into a system +__ + +other + + ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or + more ">("That man is short; the other is tall.") +__ + +our + + ad. of or belonging to us +__ + +oust + +v +en: to force to leave; to remove by force +__ + +out + + ad. away from the inside; opposite of in +__ + +over + +conj +en: above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the + world") +__ + +overthrow + +v +en: to remove from power; to defeat or end by force +__ + +owe + +v +en: to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something + received +__ + +own + +v +en: to have or possess for oneself +__ + +pain + +n +en: a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body +__ + +paint + +v +en: to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; +n +en: a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface +__ + +paper + +n +en: a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for + writing +__ + +parachute + +n +en: a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an + airplane or helicopter to the ground +__ + +parade + +n +en: a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a + special event or anniversary +__ + +pardon + +v +en: to forgive for a crime and release from punishment +__ + +parent + +n +en: a father or mother +__ + +parliament + +n +en: a government lawmaking group +__ + +part + +n +en: something less than the whole; not all of something +__ + +partner + +n +en: a person who takes part in some activity in common with another or + others. (“The two men were business partners.”) +__ + +party + +n +en: a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group + of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment +__ + +pass + +v +en: to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or + permit to go +__ + +passenger + +n +en: a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the + pilot or driver +__ + +passport + +n +en: a document permitting a person to travel to another country +__ + +past + +n +en: the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; + former +__ + +path + +n +en: a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves +__ + +patient + +n +en: a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem +__ + +pay + +v +en: to give money for work done or for something bought +__ + +peace + +n +en: the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet +__ + +people + +n +en: any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or + nation ("the American people") +__ + +percent + +n +en: a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.") +__ + +perfect + + ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; + without mistakes +__ + +perform + +v +en: to speak, dance or sing in front of others +__ + +period + +n +en: an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions +__ + +permanent + + ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time +__ + +permit + +v +en: to let; to make possible +__ + +person + +n +en: a man, woman or child +__ + +persuade + +v +en: to cause someone to do something by explaining or urging. (“The + police persuaded the criminal to surrender his weapon.”) +__ + +physical + + ad. of the body +__ + +physics + +n +en: the study of motion, matter and energy +__ + +picture + +n +en: something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or + representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is + made with a camera +__ + +piece + +n +en: a part of something larger +__ + +pig + +n +en: a farm animal used for its meat +__ + +pilot + +n +en: one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter +__ + +pipe + +n +en: a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas +__ + +place + +v +en: to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space + where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country +__ + +plan + +v +en: to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing + something ">("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or + developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.") +__ + +planet + +n +en: a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.") +__ + +plant + +v +en: to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground + which gets its food from air, water and earth +__ + +plastic + +n +en: a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into + things +__ + +play + +v +en: to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on + an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater +__ + +please + +v +en: to make one happy; to give enjoyment +__ + +plenty + +n +en: all that is needed; a large enough amount +__ + +plot + +v +en: to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or + illegal +__ + +poem + +n +en: words and their sounds organized in a special way to express + emotions +__ + +point + +v +en: to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something +__ + +poison + +n +en: a substance that can destroy life or damage health +__ + +police + +n +en: a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping + order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency +__ + +policy + +n +en: an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make + decisions in politics, economics or business +__ + +politics + +n +en: the activities of government and of those who are in public office +__ + +pollute + +v +en: to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or + water +__ + +poor + +n +en: people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad + quality +__ + +popular + + ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public +__ + +population + +n +en: all the people in a place, city or country +__ + +port + +n +en: a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where + ships can be safe from a storm +__ + +position + +n +en: a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or + placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization +__ + +possess + +v +en: to have; to own; to control or be controlled by +__ + +possible + + ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen +__ + +postpone + +v +en: to delay action until a later time +__ + +pour + +v +en: to flow; to cause to flow +__ + +poverty + +n +en: the condition of being poor +__ + +power + +n +en: the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling + force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the + wheel.") +__ + +praise + +v +en: to say good things about; to approve +__ + +pray + +v +en: to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit +__ + +predict + +v +en: to say what one believes will happen in the future. (“The weather + scientist predicted a cold winter.”) +__ + +pregnant + + ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to + give birth to a baby +__ + +present + +v +en: to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the + committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their + anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at + a place ("I was present at school yesterday.") +__ + +president + +n +en: the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of + an organization +__ + +press + +v +en: to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications +__ + +pressure + +n +en: the force produced when something is pushed down or against + something else +__ + +prevent + +v +en: to keep or stop from going or happening +__ + +price + +n +en: the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered + for sale +__ + +prison + +n +en: a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime +__ + +private + + ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public +__ + +prize + +n +en: something offered or won in a competition; something of value that + one must work hard for to get +__ + +probably + + ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible +__ + +problem + +n +en: a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer +__ + +process + +n +en: an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result +__ + +produce + +v +en: to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture +__ + +profession + +n +en: a job that requires special training +__ + +professor + +n +en: a teacher at a college or university +__ + +profit + +n +en: money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of + that activity +__ + +program + +n +en: a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or + show +__ + +progress + +n +en: movement forward or toward improvement or a goal +__ + +project + +n +en: a planned effort to do something +__ + +promise + +v +en: to say one will do something; n. a spoken or written agreement to + do something +__ + +propaganda + +n +en: ideas or information used to influence opinions +__ + +property + +n +en: anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods +__ + +propose + +v +en: to present or offer for consideration +__ + +protect + +v +en: to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged +__ + +protest + +v +en: to speak against; to object +__ + +prove + +v +en: to show to be true +__ + +provide + +v +en: to give something needed or wanted +__ + +public + + ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite + private +__ + +publication + +n +en: something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine +__ + +publish + +v +en: to make public something that is written; to include something in a + book, newspaper or magazine +__ + +pull + +v +en: to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the + force; opposite push +__ + +pump + +v +en: to force a gas or liquid up, into or through +__ + +punish + +v +en: to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal +__ + +purchase + +v +en: to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which + is bought +__ + +pure + + ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean +__ + +purpose + +n +en: the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal +__ + +push + +v +en: to use force to move something away from the person or thing using + the force; opposite pull +__ + +put + +v +en: to place; to set in position +__ + +quality + +n +en: that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality + of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their + goods are of the highest quality.") +__ + +question + +v +en: to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used + in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed +__ + +quick + + ad. fast +__ + +quiet + + ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm +__ + +race + +v +en: to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can + move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one + of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a + common physical similarity, such as skin color +__ + +radar + +n +en: a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of + objects that may be too far away to be seen +__ + +radiation + +n +en: waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy + from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous +__ + +radio + +n +en: the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the + air without wires +__ + +raid + +v +en: to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act + of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something +__ + +railroad + +n +en: a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its + stations and equipment +__ + +rain + +n +en: water falling from the sky +__ + +raise + +v +en: to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to + increase +__ + +rape + +v +en: to carry out a sexual attack by force against a person +__ + +rare + + ad. not common; not usual; not often +__ + +rate + +n +en: speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the + price of any thing or service that is bought or sold +__ + +reach + +v +en: to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to +__ + +react + +v +en: to act as a result of or in answer to +__ + +read + +v +en: to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers +__ + +ready + + ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing +__ + +real + + ad. true; truly existing; not false +__ + +realistic + + ad. in agreement with the way things are +__ + +reason + +n +en: the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains +__ + +reasonable + + ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing + to compromise +__ + +rebel + +v +en: to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse + to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or + her country +__ + +receive + +v +en: to get or accept something given, offered or sent +__ + +recent + + ad. a short time ago +__ + +recession + +n +en: a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce + less and many workers lose their jobs +__ + +recognize + +v +en: to know or remember something or someone that was known, known + about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and + establish diplomatic ties with its government +__ + +record + +v +en: to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound + or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a + writing that shows proof or facts about something +__ + +recover + +v +en: to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The + police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or + normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.") +__ + +red + + ad. having the color like that of blood +__ + +reduce + +v +en: to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut +__ + +reform + +v +en: to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better + condition +__ + +refugee + +n +en: a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, + danger or war +__ + +refuse + +v +en: to reject; to not accept, give or do something +__ + +register + +v +en: to have one’s name officially placed on a list of people permitted + to vote in an election or take part in an educational program +__ + +regret + +n +en: a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that + happens +__ + +reject + +v +en: to refuse to accept, use or believe +__ + +relations + +n +en: understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; + people connected by marriage or family ties +__ + +release + +v +en: to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public +__ + +religion + +n +en: a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods +__ + +remain + +v +en: to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same +__ + +remains + +n +en: a dead body +__ + +remember + +v +en: to think about the past; opposite forget +__ + +remove + +v +en: to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a + position or office +__ + +repair + +n +en: work done to fix something +__ + +repeat + +v +en: to say or do again +__ + +report + +v +en: to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. + the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a + statement in which the facts may not be confirmed +__ + +represent + +v +en: to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as + an example +__ + +repress + +v +en: to control or to restrict freedoms by force +__ + +request + +v +en: to ask for; n. the act of asking for +__ + +require + +v +en: to need or demand as necessary +__ + +rescue + +v +en: to free from danger or evil +__ + +research + +n +en: a careful study to discover correct information +__ + +resign + +v +en: to leave a position, job or office +__ + +resist + +v +en: to oppose; to fight to prevent +__ + +resolution + +n +en: an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually + reached by voting +__ + +resource + +n +en: anything of value that can be used or sold +__ + +respect + +v +en: to feel or show honor to a person or thing (“All citizens should + respect the law.”) +__ + +responsible + + ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the + report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the + accident.") +__ + +rest + +v +en: to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which + remains; the others +__ + +restaurant + +n +en: a place where people can buy and eat meals +__ + +restrain + +v +en: to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group +__ + +restrict + +v +en: to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger +__ + +result + +v +en: to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a + cause; effect +__ + +retire + +v +en: to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health +__ + +return + +v +en: to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back +__ + +revolt + +v +en: to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of + government +__ + +rice + +n +en: a food grain +__ + +rich + + ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something +__ + +ride + +v +en: to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled + vehicle, airplane or boat +__ + +right + +n +en: what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It + is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; + opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing + north; opposite left +__ + +riot + +v +en: to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a + violent action by a large group of people +__ + +rise + +v +en: to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of + sitting or lying to a position of standing +__ + +risk + +n +en: the chance of loss, damage or injury +__ + +river + +n +en: a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, + a lake or an ocean +__ + +road + +n +en: a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can + walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other +__ + +rob + +v +en: to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal +__ + +rock + +n +en: a hard piece of mineral matter +__ + +rocket + +n +en: a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by + burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, + sometimes used as a weapon +__ + +roll + +v +en: to turn over and over; to move like a ball +__ + +room + +n +en: a separate area within a building with its own walls +__ + +root + +n +en: the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients + from the soil +__ + +rope + +n +en: a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of + material, used for tying +__ + +rough + + ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made + well +__ + +round + + ad. having the shape of a ball or circle +__ + +rub + +v +en: to move something over the surface of another thing +__ + +rubber + +n +en: a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a + similar substance made from chemicals +__ + +ruin + +v +en: to damage severely; to destroy +__ + +rule + +v +en: to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that + says how something must be done +__ + +run + +v +en: to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking +__ + +rural + + ad. describing areas away from cities which may include farms, small + towns and unpopulated areas +__ + +sabotage + +v +en: to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation + ("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.") +__ + +sacrifice + +v +en: to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, + goal or another person +__ + +sad + + ad. not happy +__ + +safe + + ad. away from harm or danger +__ + +sail + +v +en: to travel by boat or ship +__ + +sailor + +n +en: a person involved in sailing a boat or ship +__ + +salt + +n +en: a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to + affect the taste of food +__ + +same + + ad. not different; not changed; like another or others +__ + +sand + +n +en: extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in + deserts and on coasts +__ + +satellite + +n +en: a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an + object placed in orbit around the earth +__ + +satisfy + +v +en: to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded +__ + +save + +v +en: to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use +__ + +say + +v +en: to speak; to express in words +__ + +school + +n +en: a place for education; a place where people go to learn +__ + +science + +n +en: the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the + knowledge gained about them +__ + +sea + +n +en: a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean +__ + +search + +v +en: to look for carefully +__ + +season + +n +en: one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's + position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of + time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy + season"); a period during the year when something usually happens + ("baseball season") +__ + +seat + +n +en: a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a + seat in parliament") +__ + +second + + ad. the one that comes after the first +__ + +secret + +n +en: something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. + hidden from others; known only to a few +__ + +security + +n +en: freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to + protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.") +__ + +see + +v +en: to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know +__ + +seed + +n +en: the part of a plant from which new plants grow +__ + +seek(ing) + +v +en: to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to + get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do + ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.") +__ + +seem + +v +en: to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.") +__ + +seize + +v +en: to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest +__ + +self + +n +en: all that which makes one person different from others +__ + +sell + +v +en: to give something in exchange for money +__ + +Senate + +n +en: the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, + such as in the United States Congress +__ + +send + +v +en: to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or + directed to or away from a place +__ + +sense + +v +en: to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. + any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel +__ + +sentence + +v +en: to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a + crime +__ + +separate + +v +en: to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent + from others; ad. not together or connected; different +__ + +series + +n +en: a number of similar things or events that follow one after another + in time, position or order +__ + +serious + + ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous +__ + +serve + +v +en: to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist + or help +__ + +service + +n +en: an organization or system that provides something for the public + ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an + organization or business can do for money; military organizations such + as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony +__ + +set + +v +en: to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit +__ + +settle + +v +en: to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a + new place +__ + +several + + ad. three or more, but not many +__ + +severe + + ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage +__ + +sex + +n +en: either the male or female group into which all people and animals + are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical + activity by which humans and animals can produce young +__ + +shake + +v +en: to move or cause to move in short, quick movements +__ + +shape + +v +en: to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks +__ + +share + +v +en: to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging + to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the + equal parts of ownership of a business or company +__ + +sharp + + ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing + hurt or pain +__ + +she + +pron +en: the girl or woman who is being spoken about +__ + +sheep + +n +en: a farm animal used for its meat and hair +__ + +shell + +v +en: to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large + gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover +__ + +shelter + +v +en: to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives + protection; a place of safety +__ + +shine + +v +en: to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to + make bright +__ + +ship + +v +en: to transport; n. a large boat +__ + +shock + +v +en: to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly + affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake +__ + +shoe + +n +en: a covering for the foot +__ + +shoot + +v +en: to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to + kill; to use a gun +__ + +short + + ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall +__ + +should + +v +en: used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We + should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that + something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be + punished.") +__ + +shout + +v +en: to speak very loudly +__ + +show + +v +en: to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story + presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for + enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public +__ + +shrink + +v +en: to make or become less in size, weight or value +__ + +sick + + ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; + not in good health +__ + +sickness + +n +en: the condition of being in bad health +__ + +side + +n +en: the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; + parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body +__ + +sign + +v +en: to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; + evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of + material with writing that gives information +__ + +signal + +v +en: to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a + message +__ + +silence + +v +en: to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of + noise or sound +__ + +silver + +n +en: a valued white metal +__ + +similar + + ad. like something else but not exactly the same +__ + +simple + + ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex +__ + +since + +prep +en: from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we + went to school together.") +__ + +sing + +v +en: to make music sounds with the voice +__ + +single + + ad. one only +__ + +sink + +v +en: to go down into water or other liquid +__ + +sister + +n +en: a female with the same father or mother as another person +__ + +sit + +v +en: to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the + legs; to become seated +__ + +situation + +n +en: the way things are during a period of time +__ + +size + +n +en: the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something + is +__ + +skeleton + +n +en: all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal + positions +__ + +skill + +n +en: the ability gained from training or experience +__ + +skin + +n +en: the outer covering of humans and most animals +__ + +sky + +n +en: the space above the earth +__ + +slave + +n +en: a person owned or controlled by another +__ + +sleep + +v +en: to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed +__ + +slide + +v +en: to move smoothly over a surface +__ + +slow + +v +en: to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other + activities +__ + +small + + ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite + large +__ + +smash + +v +en: to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move + with >force +__ + +smell + +v +en: to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the + smell of food cooking") +__ + +smoke + +v +en: to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and + breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air + like a cloud from something burning +__ + +smooth + + ad. having a level surface; opposite rough +__ + +snow + +n +en: soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually + in winter or when the air temperature is very cold +__ + +so + + ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it."); + also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); + as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); + +conj +en: in order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the plans.") +__ + +social + + ad. of or about people or a group +__ + +soft + + ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud +__ + +soil + +n +en: earth in which plants grow +__ + +soldier + +n +en: a person in the army +__ + +solid + + ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in + the form of a liquid or gas +__ + +solve + +v +en: to find an answer; to settle +__ + +some + + ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all +__ + +son + +n +en: a person's male child +__ + +soon + + ad. not long after the present time; quickly +__ + +sort + +n +en: any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in + some way; a kind of something +__ + +sound + +n +en: fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in + hearing; that which is heard +__ + +south + +n +en: the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun +__ + +space + +n +en: the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, + planets and stars are; the area between or inside things +__ + +speak + +v +en: to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to + others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group +__ + +special + + ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or + more important than others of the same kind +__ + +speech + +n +en: a talk given to a group of people +__ + +speed + +v +en: to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something + moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done +__ + +spend + +v +en: to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.") +__ + +spill + +v +en: to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident +__ + +spirit + +n +en: the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to + thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain + alive after death +__ + +split + +v +en: to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts +__ + +sport + +n +en: any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or + skill +__ + +spread + +v +en: to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known +__ + +spring + +n +en: the time of the year between winter and summer +__ + +spy + +v +en: to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others + secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information + about another country +__ + +square + +n +en: a flat shape having four equal sides +__ + +stab + +v +en: to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon +__ + +stand + +v +en: to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a + surface; to be in one position or place +__ + +star + +n +en: a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at + night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or + singer +__ + +start + +v +en: to begin; to make something begin +__ + +starve + +v +en: to suffer or die from a lack of food +__ + +state + +v +en: to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation +__ + +station + +n +en: a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place + where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or + television broadcasts +__ + +statue + +n +en: a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, + wood or metal +__ + +stay + +v +en: to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live + for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.") +__ + +steal + +v +en: to take without permission or paying +__ + +steam + +n +en: the gas that comes from hot water +__ + +steel + +n +en: iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances +__ + +step + +v +en: to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. + the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a + goal +__ + +stick + +v +en: to attach something to another thing using a substance that will + hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement + is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece + of wood +__ + +still + + ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a + stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was + difficult, but she still wanted to do it.") +__ + +stone + +n +en: a small piece of rock +__ + +stop + +v +en: to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end +__ + +store + +v +en: to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy + things +__ + +storm + +n +en: violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow +__ + +story + +n +en: the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined +__ + +stove + +n +en: a heating device used for cooking +__ + +straight + + ad. continuing in one direction without turns +__ + +strange + + ad. unusual; not normal; not known +__ + +street + +n +en: a road in a city, town or village +__ + +stretch + +v +en: to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider +__ + +strike + +v +en: to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, + more pay or to make other demands +__ + +strong + + ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed +__ + +structure + +n +en: the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is + formed or organized in a special way; a building +__ + +struggle + +v +en: to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight +__ + +study + +v +en: to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine + carefully +__ + +stupid + + ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent +__ + +subject + +n +en: the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about +__ + +submarine + +n +en: an underwater ship +__ + +substance + +n +en: the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas) +__ + +substitute + +v +en: to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used + in place of another +__ + +subversion + +n +en: an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, + usually secretly +__ + +succeed + +v +en: to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result +__ + +such + + ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to +__ + +sudden + + ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or + without preparation +__ + +suffer + +v +en: to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or + sadness +__ + +sugar + +n +en: a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants +__ + +suggest + +v +en: to offer or propose something to think about or consider +__ + +suicide + +n +en: the act of killing oneself +__ + +summer + +n +en: the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn +__ + +sun + +n +en: the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth +__ + +supervise + +v +en: to direct and observe the work of others +__ + +supply + +v +en: to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given + or sold to others +__ + +support + +v +en: to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with + others and help them reach a goal; to approve +__ + +suppose + +v +en: to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to + expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.") +__ + +suppress + +v +en: to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from + being known publicly +__ + +sure + + ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question +__ + +surface + +n +en: the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the + surface of the moon.") +__ + +surplus + +n +en: an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a + trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.") +__ + +surprise + +v +en: to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n. + something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected +__ + +surrender + +v +en: to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; + to stop fighting and admit defeat +__ + +surround + +v +en: to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or + something +__ + +survive + +v +en: to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation +__ + +suspect + +v +en: to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or + illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty +__ + +suspend + +v +en: to cause to stop for a period of time +__ + +swallow + +v +en: to take into the stomach through the mouth +__ + +swear in + +v +en: to put an official into office by having him or her promise to + carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in + the president.") +__ + +sweet + + ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar +__ + +swim + +v +en: to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs +__ + +sympathy + +n +en: a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually + feelings of sadness +__ + +system + +n +en: a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a + plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a + common purpose or goal +__ + +take + +v +en: to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move + it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to + begin to be in control ("The president takes office tomorrow.") +__ + +talk + +v +en: to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion +__ + +tall + + ad. higher than others; opposite short +__ + +tank + +n +en: a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle + with guns +__ + +target + +n +en: any person or object aimed at or fired at +__ + +taste + +v +en: to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.") +__ + +tax + +n +en: the money a person or business must pay to the government so the + government can provide services +__ + +tea + +n +en: a drink made from the plant of the same name +__ + +teach + +v +en: to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to + understand +__ + +team + +n +en: a group organized for some purpose, often for sports +__ + +tear + +v +en: to pull apart, often by force +__ + +technical + + ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry, + transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of + subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this + system works.") +__ + +technology + +n +en: the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and + services +__ + +telephone + +n +en: a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over + distances +__ + +telescope + +n +en: a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and + larger +__ + +television + +n +en: a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into + pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by + electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on + a receiver +__ + +tell + +v +en: to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to + command +__ + +temperature + +n +en: the measurement of heat and cold +__ + +temporary + + ad. lasting only a short time +__ + +tense + + ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm +__ + +term + +n +en: a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries + out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the + conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved + in it +__ + +terrible + + ad. very bad; causing terror or fear +__ + +territory + +n +en: a large area of land +__ + +terror + +n +en: extreme fear; that which causes great fear +__ + +terrorist + +n +en: a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a + way to influence a government +__ + +test + +v +en: to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will + act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine + soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how + it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes + place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a + person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.") +__ + +than + +conj +en: connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are + not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.") +__ + +thank + +v +en: to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that + person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.") +__ + +that + + ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man + is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about + ("The building that I saw was very large.") +__ + +the + +pron +en: used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing + that is known about or is being spoken about +__ + +theater + +n +en: a place where movies are shown or plays are performed +__ + +them + +pron +en: other people being spoken about +__ + +then + + ad. at that time; existing; and so +__ + +theory + +n +en: a possible explanation of why something exists or how something + happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven + ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of + dinosaurs.") +__ + +there + + ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place +__ + +these + +pron +en: of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been + spoken about already +__ + +they + +pron +en: those ones being spoken about +__ + +thick + + ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall + is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest + is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow + easily; opposite thin +__ + +thin + + ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; + not wide; opposite thick +__ + +thing + +n +en: any object +__ + +think + +v +en: to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to + believe +__ + +third + + ad. coming after two others +__ + +this + +pron +en: of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been + spoken about already +__ + +threaten + +v +en: to warn that one will do harm or cause damage +__ + +through + +prep +en: in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top + to bottom; with the help of; by +__ + +throw + +v +en: to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm +__ + +tie + +v +en: to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins + or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade + ties.") +__ + +time + +n +en: that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period + that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a + period when an event should or will take place +__ + +tired + + ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or + rest +__ + +to + +prep +en: showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place + toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose +__ + +today + +n +en: this day +__ + +together + + ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation +__ + +tomorrow + +n +en: the day after today +__ + +tonight + +n +en: this night +__ + +too + + ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary +__ + +tool + +n +en: any instrument or device designed to help one do work +__ + +top + +n +en: the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something +__ + +torture + +v +en: to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to + harm, to punish or to get information from +__ + +total + +n +en: the complete amount +__ + +touch + +v +en: to put the hand or fingers on +__ + +toward + +prep +en: in the direction of; leading to +__ + +town + +n +en: a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large + as a city +__ + +trade + +v +en: to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity + of buying, selling or exchanging products or services +__ + +tradition + +n +en: a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time +__ + +traffic + +n +en: the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or + waterway +__ + +tragic + + ad. extremely sad; terrible +__ + +train + +v +en: to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; +n +en: an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad +__ + +transport + +v +en: to move goods or people from one place to another +__ + +transportation + +n +en: the act or business of moving goods or people +__ + +trap + +v +en: to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or + escape; n. a device used to catch animals +__ + +travel + +v +en: to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance +__ + +treason + +n +en: the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its + enemies +__ + +treasure + +n +en: a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value +__ + +treat + +v +en: to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure +__ + +treatment + +n +en: the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make + better +__ + +treaty + +n +en: a written agreement between two or more nations +__ + +tree + +n +en: a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves +__ + +trial + +n +en: an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a + charge is true +__ + +tribe + +n +en: a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader +__ + +trick + +v +en: to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or + her do something +__ + +trip + +n +en: a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance +__ + +troops + +n +en: a number of soldiers in a large controlled group +__ + +trouble + +n +en: that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems +__ + +truce + +n +en: a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved +__ + +truck + +n +en: a heavy vehicle used to carry goods +__ + +true + + ad. correct; not false +__ + +trust + +v +en: to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm +__ + +try + +v +en: to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide + if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime +__ + +tube + +n +en: a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a + long, thin container in which they can be kept +__ + +turn + +v +en: to change direction; to move into a different position; to change + color, form or shape +__ + +under + +prep +en: below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law, + agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action + is not permitted under the law.") +__ + +understand + +v +en: to know what is meant; to have knowledge of +__ + +unite + +v +en: to join together +__ + +universe + +n +en: all of space, including planets and stars +__ + +university + +n +en: a place of education that usually includes several colleges and + research organizations +__ + +unless + +conj +en: except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless + the rain stops.") +__ + +until + +conj +en: up to a time; before +__ + +up + + ad. to, in or at a higher position or value +__ + +urge + +v +en: to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do + something +__ + +urgent + + ad. needing an immediate decision or action +__ + +us + +pron +en: the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he + would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us + yesterday.") +__ + +use + +v +en: to employ for a purpose; to put into action +__ + +usual + + ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard +__ + +vacation + +n +en: a holiday; a period of time for travel, pleasure or rest, + especially one with pay given to an employee +__ + +vaccine + +n +en: a substance containing killed or weakened organisms given to a + person or animal to produce protection against a disease +__ + +valley + +n +en: a long area of land between higher areas of land +__ + +value + +n +en: the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of + money that could be received if something is sold +__ + +vegetable + +n +en: a plant grown for food +__ + +vehicle + +n +en: anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be + transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck +__ + +version + +n +en: the form of something with different details than earlier or later + forms +__ + +very + + ad. extremely ("He was very late.") +__ + +veto + +v +en: to reject or refuse to approve +__ + +victim + +n +en: someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; + someone who is tricked +__ + +victory + +n +en: a success in a fight or competition +__ + +video + +n +en: a method of recording images and sound without a traditional film + camera to be shown on a television, computer or other device +__ + +village + +n +en: a very small town +__ + +violate + +v +en: to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement) +__ + +violence + +n +en: the use of force to cause injury, death or damage +__ + +visa + +n +en: the official permission given to a person to enter a country where + he or she is not a citizen +__ + +visit + +v +en: to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or + business reasons +__ + +voice + +n +en: the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking +__ + +volcano + +n +en: a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can + explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air +__ + +volunteer + +n +en: a person who chooses to do something without being asked, usually + without being paid +__ + +vote + +v +en: to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision + expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing +__ + +wages + +n +en: money received for work done +__ + +wait + +v +en: to delay acting; to postpone +__ + +walk + +v +en: to move by putting one foot in front of the other +__ + +wall + +n +en: the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other + material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land +__ + +want + +v +en: to desire; to wish for; to need +__ + +war + +n +en: fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons +__ + +warm + + ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat +__ + +warn + +v +en: to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad + that may happen +__ + +wash + +v +en: to make clean, usually with water +__ + +waste + +v +en: to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a + spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; + something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid + substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the + body +__ + +watch + +v +en: to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for +__ + +water + +n +en: the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, + rivers and oceans +__ + +wave + +v +en: to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the + wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large + mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean +__ + +way + +n +en: a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method +__ + +we + +pron +en: two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I + will go together, and we will return together.") +__ + +weak + + ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite + strong +__ + +wealth + +n +en: a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value +__ + +weapon + +n +en: anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or + war +__ + +wear + +v +en: to have on the body, as clothes +__ + +weather + +n +en: the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, + heat or cold +__ + +Web site + +n +en: a collection of information prepared by a person or organization on + the World Wide Web of the Internet +__ + +week + +n +en: a period of time equal to seven days +__ + +weigh + +v +en: to measure how heavy someone or something is +__ + +welcome + +v +en: to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something + develops +__ + +well + + ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in + the ground where water, gas or oil can be found +__ + +west + +n +en: the direction in which the sun goes down +__ + +wet + + ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry +__ + +what + +pron +en: used to ask about something or to ask for information about + something ("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to + know what you would like to drink.") +__ + +wheat + +n +en: a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain +__ + +wheel + +n +en: a round structure that turns around a center +__ + +when + +adv at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); + +conj +en: during or at the time +ex:en: I studied hard when I was in school. +__ + +where + +adv +en: at, to or in what place +ex:en: Where is his house? +ex:en: The house where he lives is in the old part of the city. + +conj +en: at, to or in what place +__ + +whether + +conj +en: if it be the case or fact that (“He did not know whether he was right or wrong.”) +__ + +which + +pron +en: used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or + people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take + the test?") +__ + +while + +n +en: a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at + or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you + are running.") +__ + +white + + ad. having the color like that of milk or snow +__ + +who + +pron +en: what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the + person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.") +__ + +whole + + ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into + pieces +__ + +why + + ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason + for which ("I do not know why she did it.") +__ + +wide + + ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited +__ + +wife + +n +en: a woman who is married +__ + +wild + + ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or + supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled +__ + +will + +v +en: a word used with action words to show future action ("They will + hold talks tomorrow.") +__ + +willing + + ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about + the problem.") +__ + +win + +v +en: to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, + election or battle +__ + +wind + +n +en: a strong movement of air +__ + +window + +n +en: an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with + glass +__ + +winter + +n +en: the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring +__ + +wire + +n +en: a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry + electricity or electronic communications from one place to another +__ + +wise + + ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and + understanding to make good or correct decisions +__ + +wish + +v +en: to want; to express a desire for +__ + +with + +prep +en: along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a + tool."); having ("the house with the red door") +__ + +withdraw + +v +en: to take or move out, away or back; to remove +__ + +without + +prep +en: with no; not having or using; free from; not doing +__ + +witness + +n +en: a person who saw and can tell about an action or event, sometimes in a court of law +__ + +woman + +n +en: an adult female human +__ + +wonder + +v +en: to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true.") + +n +en: a feeling of surprise +__ + +wonderful + +adv +en: causing wonder; especially good +__ + +wood + +n +en: the solid material of which trees are made +__ + +word + +n +en: one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language +__ + +work + +v +en: to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the + effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the + job one does to earn money +__ + +world + +n +en: the earth; the people who live on the earth +__ + +worry + +v +en: to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, + can happen +__ + +worse + + ad. more bad than +__ + +worth + +n +en: value measured in money +__ + +wound + +v +en: to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; + +n +en: an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is + usually cut or broken +__ + +wreck + +v +en: to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly + damaged or broken +__ + +wreckage + +n +en: what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed +__ + +write + +v +en: to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper +__ + +wrong + + ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right +__ + +year + +n +en: a period of time equal to twelve months +__ + +yellow + + ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun +__ + +yes + + ad. used to express agreement or to permit +__ + +yesterday + +n +en: the day before today +__ + +yet + + ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this + time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was + shining, yet it was cold.") +__ + +you + +pron +en: the person or persons being spoken to +__ + +young + + ad. in the early years of life; not old +__ + +zero + +n +en: the number meaning none or nothing +__ + +zoo + +n +en: a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study + +# COMMON PREFIXES +__ + +dis- + + not (dishonest, disobey) +__ + +pro- + +prefix +en: for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government) +__ + +re- + +prefix +en: to do again (reorganize, reunite) +__ + +self- + +prefix +en: used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by + the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort + or power (self-declared, self-appointed) +__ + +un- + +prefix +en: not (unusual, unhappy) +__ + +carry out + +phr.v +en: to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.") +__ + +pass a bill + +phr.v +en: approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.") +__ + +take steps + +phr.v +en: to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt inflation.") +__ + +atom + +topic: sci +en: a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that + can join with parts of other elements +__ + +bacteria + +topic: sci +en: living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a + microscope; some cause disease +__ + +cell + +topic: sci +en: a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals +__ + +chromosome + +topic: sci +en: a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes +__ + +compound + +topic: sci +en: a substance containing two or more elements +__ + +dense + +topic: sci +en: close together; thick +__ + +electron + +topic: sci +en: a small part of an atom that has an electrical force +__ + +element + +topic: sci +en: one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances +__ + +enzyme + +topic: sci +en: a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself +__ + +fetus + +topic: sci +en: unborn young +__ + +fission + +topic: sci +en: a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to + produce nuclear energy +__ + +fusion + +topic: sci +en: a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined + together to produce nuclear energy +__ + +genes + +topic: sci +en: parts of cells that control the growth and development of living + things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; + genes contain nucleic acid +__ + +genetic engineering + +topic: sci +en: the science of changing the genes of a living organism +__ + +gravity + +topic: sci +en: the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth +__ + +image + +topic: sci +en: a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing +__ + +laser + +topic: sci +en: an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light +__ + +magnet + +topic: sci +en: a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force is called magnetism +__ + +molecule + +topic: sci +en: the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist +__ + +nerve + +topic: sci +en: a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from the brain +__ + +nucleus + +topic: sci +en: the center part of an atom or cell +__ + +nucleic acid + +topic: sci +en: a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; + there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and + RNA (ribonucleic acid) +__ + +nutrient + +topic: sci +en: a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow +__ + +organ + +topic: sci +en: a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain +__ + +organism + +topic: sci +en: a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope +__ + +particle + +topic: sci +en: a very small piece of matter +__ + +proteins + +topic: sci +en: substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged tissue +__ + +robot + +topic: sci +en: a machine that moves and performs tasks +__ + +tissue + +topic: sci +en: living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the same thing +__ + +virus + +topic: sci +en: a kind of organism that causes disease +__ + +x-rays + +topic: sci +en: a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in medicine +__ + +heart + +n +topic: body +en: pumps blood through the body +__ + +intestines + +n +topic: body +en: tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the + stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body +__ + +kidney + +n +topic: body +en: cleans liquid wastes from the body +__ + +liver + +n +topic: body +en: makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood +__ + +lung + +n +topic: body +en: takes in and expels air from the body +__ + +prostate + +n +topic: body +en: a part of the male reproductive system +__ + +stomach + +n +topic: body +en: breaks down food for the body to use +__ + +uterus + +n +topic: body +en: a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops