diff -r bcb2c69e9994 -r f776d833ff0a gadict-voa-special-english-word-book.dict-c5 --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/gadict-voa-special-english-word-book.dict-c5 Thu Jul 12 17:43:26 2012 +0300 @@ -0,0 +1,8248 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8; -*- + +ABOUT: VOA Special English Word Book. + + http://gadict.sourceforge.net + +Materials placed in Public Domain as all materials from VOA (Voice of +America). + +You can look to VOA disclaimer at: + + http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/disclaim.cfm + +Use http://web.archive.org/ to find this page. + +This dictionary based on origins from: + + http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-a.cfm + http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-b.cfm + ... + http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-z.cfm + +on 2010-02-12 which you can find with http://web.archive.org/ + +Further info available at: + + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_English + +By Oleksandr Gavenko + +_____ + +a; an + + ad. one; any; each +_____ + +able + + v. having the power to do something +_____ + +about + + ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about + the weather.") +_____ + +above + + ad. at a higher place +_____ + +abuse + + n. bad treatment causing harm or injury +_____ + +accept + + v. to agree to receive +_____ + +accident + + n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event +_____ + +accuse + + v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a + statement against someone +_____ + +across + + ad. from side to side; to the other side +_____ + +act + + v. to do something +_____ + +activist + + n. one who seeks change through action +_____ + +actor + + n. someone acting in a play or show +_____ + +add + + v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more +_____ + +administration + + n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president + or prime minister +_____ + +admit + + v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's + guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.") +_____ + +adult + + n. a grown person +_____ + +advertise + + v. to show or present the qualities of a product to increase sales +_____ + +advise + + v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision +_____ + +affect + + v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected + the singer's performance.") +_____ + +afraid + + ad. feeling fear +_____ + +after + + ad. later; behind +_____ + +again + + ad. another time; as before +_____ + +against + + ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something +_____ + +age + + n. how old a person or thing is +_____ + +agency + + n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the + United Nations") +_____ + +aggression + + n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's + borders +_____ + +ago + + ad. of time past; before now +_____ + +agree + + v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something +_____ + +agriculture + + n. farming +_____ + +aid + + v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance +_____ + +aim + + v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose +_____ + +air + + n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, + that we breathe +_____ + +air force + + n. a military organization using airplanes +_____ + +airplane + + n. a vehicle with wings that flies +_____ + +airport + + n. a place where airplanes take off and land +_____ + +album + + n. a collection of recorded music +_____ + +alcohol + + n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug + or in industrial products +_____ + +alive + + ad. having life; not dead +_____ + +all + + ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount +_____ + +ally + + n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose +_____ + +almost + + ad. a little less than completely +_____ + +alone + + ad. separated from others +_____ + +along + + ad. near or on ("along the road") +_____ + +already + + ad. before now; even now +_____ + +also + + ad. added to; too +_____ + +although + + conj. even if it is true that +_____ + +always + + ad. at all times; every time +_____ + +ambassador + + n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another + government) +_____ + +amend + + v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law) +_____ + +ammunition + + n. the bullets or shells fired from guns +_____ + +among + + ad. in or part of (a group) +_____ + +amount + + n. the number, size or weight of anything +_____ + +anarchy + + n. a lack of order; lawlessness +_____ + +ancestor + + n. a family member from the past +_____ + +ancient + + ad. very old; long ago +_____ + +and + + conj. also; in addition to; with +_____ + +anger + + n. a strong emotion against someone or something +_____ + +animal + + n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat +_____ + +anniversary + + n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the + past +_____ + +announce + + v. to make known publicly; to declare officially +_____ + +another + + ad. one more; a different one +_____ + +answer + + n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after + being asked a question +_____ + +any + + ad. one or more of no special kind +_____ + +apologize + + v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts + responsibility +_____ + +appeal + + v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call + on somebody for help +_____ + +appear + + v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem +_____ + +appoint + + v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge") +_____ + +approve + + v. to agree with; to agree to support +_____ + +archeology + + n. the scientific study of past human life and activities +_____ + +area + + n. any place or part of it +_____ + +argue + + v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree +_____ + +arms + + n. military equipment; weapons +_____ + +army + + n. military ground forces +_____ + +around + + ad. on every side (of) +_____ + +arrest + + v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner +_____ + +arrive + + v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip +_____ + +art + + n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, + writing or statues +_____ + +artillery + + n. big guns +_____ + +as + + conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while +_____ + +ash + + n. the part left after something burns +_____ + +ask + + v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher + questions every day.") +_____ + +assist + + v. to help +_____ + +astronaut + + n. a person who travels in space +_____ + +astronomy + + n. the scientific study of stars and the universe +_____ + +asylum + + n. political protection given by a government to a person from another + country +_____ + +at + + prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon") +_____ + +atmosphere + + n. the gases surrounding any star or planet +_____ + +attach + + v. to tie together; to connect +_____ + +attack + + n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight +_____ + +attempt + + v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort +_____ + +attend + + v. to be present at +_____ + +attention + + n. close or careful observing of, or listening to, someone or + something (“The student paid attention to his teacher.”) +_____ + +automobile + + n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car +_____ + +autumn + + n. the time of the year between summer and winter +_____ + +available + + ad. present and ready for use; willing to serve or help. (“There was a + list of available candidates.”) +_____ + +average + + n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal +_____ + +avoid + + v. to stay away from +_____ + +awake + + ad. not sleeping +_____ + +award + + n. an honor or prize for an act or service +_____ + +away + + ad. not near +_____ + +baby + + n. a newly born creature +_____ + +back + + n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward +_____ + +bad + + ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good +_____ + +balance + + v. to make two sides or forces equal +_____ + +ball + + n. something round +_____ + +balloon + + n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas + lighter than air +_____ + +ballot + + n. a piece of paper used for voting +_____ + +ban + + v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction +_____ + +bank + + n. an organization that keeps and lends money +_____ + +bar + + v. to prevent or block +_____ + +barrier + + n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult +_____ + +base + + n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was + based on experiments.") +_____ + +battle + + n. a fight between opposing armed forces +_____ + +be + + v. to live; to happen; to exist +_____ + +beat + + v. to hit again and again +_____ + +beauty + + n. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit +_____ + +because + + prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.") +_____ + +become + + v. to come to be +_____ + +bed + + n. a sleeping place +_____ + +before + + prep. earlier +_____ + +begin + + v. to do the first part of an action; to start +_____ + +behavior + + n. the way in which a person or animal acts (“The child’s behavior was + bad because he fought with other children.”) +_____ + +behind + + ad. at the back of; in back of +_____ + +believe + + v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust +_____ + +belong + + v. to be owned by; to be a member of +_____ + +below + + ad. lower than +_____ + +best + + ad. the most good +_____ + +betray + + v. to turn against; to be false to +_____ + +better + + ad. more good than +_____ + +between + + ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks + between two nations") +_____ + +big + + ad. of great size; not small +_____ + +bill + + n. a legislative proposal +_____ + +biology + + n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms +_____ + +bird + + n. a creature that flies +_____ + +bite + + v. to cut with the teeth +_____ + +black + + ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky +_____ + +blame + + v. to accuse; to hold responsible +_____ + +bleed + + v. to lose blood +_____ + +blind + + ad. not able to see +_____ + +block + + v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement +_____ + +blood + + n. red fluid in the body +_____ + +blow + + v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.") +_____ + +blue + + ad. having the color like that of a clear sky +_____ + +boat + + n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods +_____ + +body + + n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal +_____ + +boil + + v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot +_____ + +bomb + + n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy + with bombs +_____ + +bone + + n. the hard material in the body +_____ + +book + + n. a long written work for reading +_____ + +border + + n. a dividing line between nations +_____ + +born + + v. to come to life; to come into existence +_____ + +borrow + + v. to take as a loan +_____ + +both + + ad. not just one of two, but the two together +_____ + +bottle + + n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid +_____ + +bottom + + ad. the lowest part of something +_____ + +box + + n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or + wood +_____ + +boy + + n. a young male person +_____ + +boycott + + v. to refuse to take part in or deal with +_____ + +brain + + n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all + creatures +_____ + +brave + + ad. having no fear +_____ + +bread + + n. a food made from grain +_____ + +break + + v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy +_____ + +breathe + + v. to take air into the body and let it out again +_____ + +bridge + + n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and + vehicles can cross from one side to the other +_____ + +brief + + ad. short; not long +_____ + +bright + + ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color +_____ + +bring + + v. to come with something +_____ + +broadcast + + v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a + radio or television program +_____ + +brother + + n. a male with the same father or mother as another person +_____ + +brown + + ad. having the color like that of coffee +_____ + +budget + + n. a spending plan +_____ + +build + + v. to join materials together to make something +_____ + +building + + n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store + or place of entertainment +_____ + +bullet + + n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun +_____ + +burn + + v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire +_____ + +burst + + v. to break open suddenly +_____ + +bury + + v. to put into the ground and cover with earth +_____ + +bus + + n. a public vehicle to carry people +_____ + +business + + n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade +_____ + +busy + + ad. doing something; very active +_____ + +but + + conj. however; other than; yet +_____ + +buy + + v. to get by paying something, usually money +_____ + +by + + conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William + Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight") +_____ + +cabinet + + n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government +_____ + +call + + v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request + ("They called for an end to the fighting.") +_____ + +calm + + ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense +_____ + +camera + + n. a device for taking pictures +_____ + +camp + + n. a place with temporary housing +_____ + +campaign + + n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from + voters; a connected series of military actions during a war +_____ + +can + + v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold + liquid or food, usually made of metal +_____ + +cancel + + v. to end; to stop +_____ + +cancer + + n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts + of the body +_____ + +candidate + + n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor +_____ + +capital + + n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's + government is +_____ + +capture + + v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; + to get control of +_____ + +car + + n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part + of a train +_____ + +care + + v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest +_____ + +career + + n. a chosen profession; a person’s working life (“The actor’s career + lasted for thirty years.”) +_____ + +careful + + ad. acting safely; with much thought +_____ + +carry + + v. to take something or someone from one place to another +_____ + +case (court) + + n. a legal action +_____ + +case (medical) + + n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at + the school.") +_____ + +cat + + n. a small animal that often lives with humans +_____ + +catch + + v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands +_____ + +cause + + v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result +_____ + +ceasefire + + n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement +_____ + +celebrate + + v. to honor a person or event with special activities +_____ + +center + + n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is + the main point of an activity +_____ + +century + + n. one hundred years +_____ + +ceremony + + n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by + tradition +_____ + +chairman + + n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group +_____ + +champion + + n. the best; the winner +_____ + +chance + + n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen +_____ + +change + + v. to make different; to become different +_____ + +charge + + v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in + which someone is accused of something +_____ + +chase + + v. to run or go after someone or something +_____ + +cheat + + v. to get by a trick; to steal from +_____ + +cheer + + v. to shout approval or praise +_____ + +chemicals + + n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the + science of chemistry +_____ + +chemistry + + n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they + act under different conditions, and how they form other substances +_____ + +chief + + n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important +_____ + +child + + n. a baby; a boy or girl +_____ + +children + + n. more than one child +_____ + +choose + + v. to decide between two or more +_____ + +circle + + n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the + center, like an "O" +_____ + +citizen + + n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law +_____ + +city + + n. any important large town +_____ + +civil rights + + n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all + people of a nation +_____ + +civilian + + ad. not military +_____ + +claim + + v. to say something as a fact +_____ + +clash + + n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose +_____ + +class + + n. a group of students who meet to study the same subject; also, a + social or economic group. ("They were members of the middle class.") +_____ + +clean + + v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean + water") +_____ + +clear + + ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood +_____ + +clergy + + n. a body of officials within a religious organization +_____ + +climate + + n. the normal weather conditions of a place +_____ + +climb + + v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the + hands +_____ + +clock + + n. a device that measures and shows time +_____ + +close + + v. to make something not open; ad. near to +_____ + +cloth + + n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other + substances +_____ + +clothes + + n. what people wear +_____ + +cloud + + n. a mass of fog high in the sky +_____ + +coal + + n. a solid black substance used as fuel +_____ + +coalition + + n. forces, groups or nations joined together +_____ + +coast + + n. land on the edge of the ocean +_____ + +coffee + + n. a drink made from the plant of the same name +_____ + +cold + + ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature +_____ + +collapse + + v. to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down or fail suddenly in + strength, health or power. (“The building collapsed in the + earthquake.” “The government collapsed after a vote in parliament.”) +_____ + +collect + + v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive + ("collect taxes") +_____ + +college + + n. a small university +_____ + +colony + + n. land controlled by another country or government +_____ + +color + + n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, + black, yellow and others +_____ + +combine + + v. to mix or bring together +_____ + +come + + v. to move toward; to arrive +_____ + +command + + v. to order; to have power over something +_____ + +comment + + v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something +_____ + +committee + + n. a group of people given special work +_____ + +common + + ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose") +_____ + +communicate + + v. to tell; to give or exchange information +_____ + +community + + n. a group of people living together in one place or area +_____ + +company + + n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes +_____ + +compare + + v. to examine what is different or similar +_____ + +compete + + v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others +_____ + +complete + + ad. having all parts; ended or finished +_____ + +complex + + ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not + simple +_____ + +compromise + + n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less + than first demanded +_____ + +computer + + n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and + for communicating with others +_____ + +concern + + n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be + concerned") +_____ + +condemn + + v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad +_____ + +condition + + n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's + health +_____ + +conference + + n. a meeting +_____ + +confirm + + v. to approve; to say that something is true +_____ + +conflict + + n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one +_____ + +congratulate + + v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck +_____ + +Congress + + n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United + States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar + organization in other countries +_____ + +connect + + v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link +_____ + +conservative + + n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change +_____ + +consider + + v. to give thought to; to think about carefully +_____ + +constitution + + n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of + government +_____ + +contact + + n. the act of touching or being close to a person or thing (“He was in + contact with animals that had the disease.”) v. to meet or communicate + with (“He wanted to contact his local official.”) +_____ + +contain + + v. to hold; to include +_____ + +container + + n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something +_____ + +continent + + n. any of the seven great land areas of the world +_____ + +continue + + v. to go on doing or being +_____ + +control + + v. to direct; to have power over +_____ + +convention + + n. a large meeting for a special purpose +_____ + +cook + + v. to heat food before eating it +_____ + +cool + + ad. almost cold +_____ + +cooperate + + v. to act or work together +_____ + +copy + + v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look + exactly like another +_____ + +corn + + n. a food grain +_____ + +correct + + ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right +_____ + +corruption + + n. actions taken to gain money or power that are legally or morally + wrong +_____ + +cost + + n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five + dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.") +_____ + +cotton + + n. a material made from a plant of the same name +_____ + +count + + v. to speak or add numbers +_____ + +country + + n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities +_____ + +court + + n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law +_____ + +cover + + v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put + over a person or thing +_____ + +cow + + n. a farm animal used for its milk +_____ + +crash + + v. to fall violently; to hit with great force +_____ + +create + + v. to make; to give life or form to +_____ + +creature + + n. any living being; any animal or human +_____ + +credit + + n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time +_____ + +crew + + n. a group of people working together +_____ + +crime + + n. an act that violates a law +_____ + +criminal + + n. a person who is responsible for a crime +_____ + +crisis + + n. an extremely important time when something may become much better + or worse; a dangerous situation +_____ + +criticize + + v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to + judge +_____ + +crops + + n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits + and vegetables +_____ + +cross + + v. to go from one side to another; to go across +_____ + +crowd + + n. a large number of people gathered in one place +_____ + +crush + + v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely +_____ + +cry + + v. to express or show sorrow or pain +_____ + +culture + + n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population +_____ + +cure + + v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the + disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics + are a cure for infection.") +_____ + +curfew + + n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their + businesses +_____ + +current + + n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present + time ("She found the report in a current publication.") +_____ + +custom + + n. a long-established belief or activity of a people +_____ + +customs + + n. taxes on imports +_____ + +cut + + v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce +_____ + +dam + + n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water +_____ + +damage + + v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to + things +_____ + +dance + + v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually + to music +_____ + +danger + + n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss +_____ + +dark + + ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.") +_____ + +date + + n. an expression of time; a day, month and year +_____ + +daughter + + n. a person's female child +_____ + +day + + n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight +_____ + +dead + + ad. not living +_____ + +deaf + + ad. not able to hear +_____ + +deal + + v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of + pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.") +_____ + +debate + + v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or + argument +_____ + +debt + + n. something that is owed; the condition of owing +_____ + +decide + + v. to choose; to settle; to judge +_____ + +declare + + v. to say; to make a statement +_____ + +decrease + + v. to make less in size or amount +_____ + +deep + + ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom +_____ + +defeat + + v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition + of having lost +_____ + +defend + + v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect +_____ + +deficit + + n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or + imports are greater than exports +_____ + +define + + v. to give the meaning of; to explain +_____ + +degree + + n. a measure of temperature +_____ + +delay + + v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to + be late +_____ + +delegate + + n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another +_____ + +demand + + v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force +_____ + +democracy + + n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders + or to make other important decisions +_____ + +demonstrate + + v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd + demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using + examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.") +_____ + +denounce + + v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely +_____ + +deny + + v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request +_____ + +depend + + v. to need help and support +_____ + +deplore + + v. to regret strongly; to express sadness +_____ + +deploy + + v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action +_____ + +depression + + n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic + activity during which many people lose their jobs +_____ + +describe + + v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something +_____ + +desert + + n. a dry area of land +_____ + +design + + v. to plan or create plans for +_____ + +desire + + v. to want very much; to wish for +_____ + +destroy + + v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of +_____ + +detail + + n. a small part of something; a small piece of information +_____ + +detain + + v. to keep or hold (“The police detained several suspects for + questioning.”) +_____ + +develop + + v. to grow; to create; to experience progress +_____ + +device + + n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose +_____ + +dictator + + n. a ruler with complete power +_____ + +die + + v. to become dead; to stop living; to end +_____ + +diet + + n. usual daily food and drink +_____ + +different + + ad. not the same +_____ + +difficult + + ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out +_____ + +dig + + v. to make a hole in the ground +_____ + +dinner + + n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its + dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official + dinner took place at the White House.") +_____ + +diplomat + + n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with + another government +_____ + +direct + + v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); + ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing + ("The path is direct.") +_____ + +direction + + n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came + from or went to +_____ + +dirt + + n. earth or soil +_____ + +disappear + + v. to become unseen; to no longer exist +_____ + +disarm + + v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb + harmless by removing its exploding device +_____ + +disaster + + n. an event causing widespread destruction or loss of life, such as an + earthquake or plane crash +_____ + +discover + + v. to find or learn something +_____ + +discrimination + + n. unfair treatment or consideration based on opinions about a whole + group instead of on the qualities of an individual. (“He was accused + of discrimination against people from other countries.”) +_____ + +discuss + + v. to talk about; to exchange ideas +_____ + +disease + + n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or + bacteria +_____ + +dismiss + + v. to send away; to refuse to consider +_____ + +dispute + + v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate +_____ + +dissident + + n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government +_____ + +distance + + n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance + from my house to your house is two kilometers.") +_____ + +dive + + v. to jump into water head first +_____ + +divide + + v. to separate into two or more parts +_____ + +do + + v. to act; to make an effort +_____ + +doctor + + n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people +_____ + +document + + n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof + or support of something +_____ + +dog + + n. a small animal that often lives with humans +_____ + +dollar + + n. United States money, one hundred cents +_____ + +donate + + v. to present something as a gift to an organization, country or + cause. (“She donated money to the Red Cross to help survivors of the + earthquake.”) +_____ + +door + + n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room +_____ + +double + + v. to increase two times as much in size, strength or number +_____ + +down + + ad. from higher to lower; in a low place +_____ + +dream + + v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture + or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future +_____ + +drink + + v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth +_____ + +drive + + v. to control a moving vehicle +_____ + +drop + + v. to fall or let fall; to go lower +_____ + +drown + + v. to die under water +_____ + +drug + + n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical + substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind +_____ + +dry + + ad. not wet; without rain +_____ + +during + + ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening) +_____ + +dust + + n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air +_____ + +duty + + n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right + and just +_____ + +each + + ad. every one by itself +_____ + +early + + ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; + opposite late +_____ + +earn + + v. to be paid in return for work done +_____ + +earth + + n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil +_____ + +earthquake + + n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface +_____ + +ease + + v. to reduce; to make less difficult +_____ + +east + + n. the direction from which the sun rises +_____ + +easy + + ad. not difficult; not hard to do +_____ + +eat + + v. to take food into the body through the mouth +_____ + +ecology + + n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and + material things +_____ + +economy + + n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized +_____ + +edge + + n. the line where something ends or begins +_____ + +education + + n. the act of teaching +_____ + +effect + + n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious + effect on the economy.") +_____ + +effort + + n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something +_____ + +egg + + n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female + birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal + that can develop into a baby +_____ + +either + + ad. one of two, but not the other +_____ + +elect + + v. to choose by voting +_____ + +electricity + + n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and + light, and power to machines +_____ + +embassy + + n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants +_____ + +embryo + + n. a human or animal in the earliest stages of its development +_____ + +emergency + + n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action +_____ + +emotion + + n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness +_____ + +employ + + v. to give work in return for wages +_____ + +empty + + ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything +_____ + +end + + v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last +_____ + +enemy + + n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the + other side in a war +_____ + +energy + + n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and + willingness to be active +_____ + +enforce + + v. to make something be done +_____ + +engine + + n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work +_____ + +engineer + + n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads +_____ + +enjoy + + v. to be pleased or satisfied by something +_____ + +enough + + ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed +_____ + +enter + + v. to come or go into +_____ + +environment + + n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; + the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals +_____ + +equal + + ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights +_____ + +equipment + + n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity +_____ + +escape + + v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of +_____ + +especially + + ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.") +_____ + +establish + + v. to bring into existence; to create +_____ + +estimate + + v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than + complete information +_____ + +ethnic + + ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of + their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived +_____ + +evaporate + + v. to change from a liquid into a gas +_____ + +even + + ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the + building was destroyed.") +_____ + +event + + n. that which happens, especially something of importance +_____ + +ever + + ad. at any time +_____ + +every + + ad. each one; all +_____ + +evidence + + n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing +_____ + +evil + + ad. not good; extremely bad +_____ + +exact + + ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail +_____ + +examine + + v. to study closely +_____ + +example + + n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like +_____ + +excellent + + ad. extremely good +_____ + +except + + prep. but for +_____ + +exchange + + v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another +_____ + +excuse + + v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes + false) for an action +_____ + +execute + + v. to kill +_____ + +exercise + + n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to + stay in good health +_____ + +exile + + v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a + person who is forced to leave his or her country +_____ + +exist + + v. to be; to live +_____ + +expand + + v. to make larger; to grow larger +_____ + +expect + + v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an + event +_____ + +expel + + v. to force out; to remove from; to send away +_____ + +experience + + v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced + great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The + experience caused her great pain.") +_____ + +experiment + + v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true + or false, or to discover something +_____ + +expert + + n. a person with special knowledge or training +_____ + +explain + + v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the + meaning +_____ + +explode + + v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb +_____ + +explore + + v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; + to make a careful search; to examine closely +_____ + +export + + v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, + usually for sale +_____ + +express + + v. to say clearly +_____ + +extend + + v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time +_____ + +extra + + ad. more than normal, expected or necessary +_____ + +extraordinary + + ad. far greater or better than the usual or normal +_____ + +extreme + + ad. more than the usual or accepted +_____ + +extremist + + n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an + extreme or violent way +_____ + +face + + n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to + turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger +_____ + +fact + + n. something known or proved to be true +_____ + +factory + + n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made +_____ + +fail + + v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal +_____ + +fair + + ad. just; honest; what is right +_____ + +fall + + v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower + position +_____ + +false + + ad. not true; not correct +_____ + +family + + n. the group that includes children and their parents +_____ + +famous + + ad. known very well to many people +_____ + +fan + + n. a person who actively supports a sport, activity or performer (“The + baseball fan attended every game his team played.”) +_____ + +far + + ad. at, to or from a great distance +_____ + +farm + + n. land used to grow crops and animals for food +_____ + +fast + + ad. moving or working at great speed; quick +_____ + +fat + + n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and + to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy +_____ + +father + + n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children +_____ + +favorite + + ad. liked more than others (“Ice cream was her favorite food.”) +_____ + +fear + + v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen + ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger + or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.") +_____ + +federal + + ad. of or having to do with a national or central government +_____ + +feed + + v. to give food to +_____ + +feel + + v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching +_____ + +female + + n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women +_____ + +fence + + n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or + out +_____ + +fertile + + ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much +_____ + +few + + ad. not many; a small number of +_____ + +field + + n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise + animals +_____ + +fierce + + ad. extremely strong; violent; angry +_____ + +fight + + v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; + n. the use of force; a battle +_____ + +fill + + v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for + no more +_____ + +film + + v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion + picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with + a camera; a movie +_____ + +final + + ad. at the end; last +_____ + +financial + + ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, + investments and banks +_____ + +find + + v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to + decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.") +_____ + +fine + + n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. + very good; very small or thin +_____ + +finish + + v. to complete; to end +_____ + +fire + + v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning +_____ + +fireworks + + n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday + celebrations +_____ + +firm + + ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.") +_____ + +first + + ad. coming before all others +_____ + +fish + + n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water +_____ + +fit + + v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.") +_____ + +fix + + v. to make good or right again +_____ + +flag + + n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or + organization +_____ + +flat + + ad. smooth; having no high places +_____ + +flee + + v. to run away from +_____ + +float + + v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water + or through air +_____ + +flood + + v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake + or ocean onto land +_____ + +floor + + n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the + floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.") +_____ + +flow + + v. to move like a liquid +_____ + +flower + + n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds +_____ + +fluid + + n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid +_____ + +fly + + v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to + travel in an airplane or flying vehicle +_____ + +fog + + n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close + to the ground +_____ + +follow + + v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey +_____ + +food + + n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength + and growth +_____ + +fool + + v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a + person who is tricked easily +_____ + +foot + + n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the + ground when a person or animal walks +_____ + +for + + prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me + one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for + one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be + employed by ("She works for a computer company.") +_____ + +force + + v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using + power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; + military power of a nation; a military group +_____ + +foreign + + ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or + country +_____ + +forest + + n. a place of many trees +_____ + +forget + + v. to not remember +_____ + +forgive + + v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt +_____ + +form + + v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind + ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") +_____ + +former + + ad. earlier in time; not now +_____ + +forward + + ad. the direction in front of; toward the front +_____ + +free + + v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not + in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost +_____ + +freedom + + n. the condition of being free +_____ + +freeze + + v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold +_____ + +fresh + + ad. newly made or gathered; recent +_____ + +friend + + n. a person one likes and trusts +_____ + +frighten + + v. to cause great fear +_____ + +from + + prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is + a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The + school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is + suffering from cancer.") +_____ + +front + + n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first + part +_____ + +fruit + + n. food from trees and plants +_____ + +fuel + + n. any substance burned to create heat or power +_____ + +full + + ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete +_____ + +fun + + n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness +_____ + +funeral + + n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the + dead +_____ + +future + + n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the + time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.") +_____ + +gain + + v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase +_____ + +game + + n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, + usually sports +_____ + +gas + + n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns + to provide heat, light or power +_____ + +gather + + v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect +_____ + +general + + n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including + all or almost all +_____ + +generation + + n. a group of individuals born and living at about the same time. + ("The mother and daughter represented two generations.") +_____ + +genocide + + n. a plan of action to kill or destroy a national, religious, racial + or ethnic group +_____ + +gentle + + ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent +_____ + +get + + v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the + owner of +_____ + +gift + + n. something given without cost +_____ + +girl + + n. a young female person +_____ + +give + + v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment +_____ + +glass + + n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for + windows or for containers to hold liquids +_____ + +go + + v. to move from one place to another; to leave +_____ + +goal + + n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; + the end of a trip or race +_____ + +god + + n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe + in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have + special powers +_____ + +gold + + n. a highly valued yellow metal +_____ + +good + + ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad +_____ + +goods + + n. things owned or made to be sold +_____ + +govern + + v. to control; to rule by military or political power +_____ + +government + + n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a + country, city or area +_____ + +grain + + n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and + corn; those plants that produce the seeds +_____ + +grass + + n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves +_____ + +gray + + ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white +_____ + +great + + ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; + important +_____ + +green + + ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having + the color like that of growing leaves and grass +_____ + +grind + + v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing +_____ + +ground + + n. land; the earth's surface; soil +_____ + +group + + n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people + working for a common purpose +_____ + +grow + + v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount +_____ + +guarantee + + v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen +_____ + +guard + + v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the + president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a + prison guard.") +_____ + +guerrilla + + n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against + an official army or police +_____ + +guide + + v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way +_____ + +guilty + + ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible + for a bad action +_____ + +gun + + n. a weapon that shoots bullets +_____ + +hair + + n. the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the + head +_____ + +half + + n. one of two equal parts of something +_____ + +halt + + v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop +_____ + +hang + + v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower + part is not; to kill by hanging +_____ + +happen + + v. to become a fact or event; to take place +_____ + +happy + + ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad +_____ + +hard + + ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand; + needing much effort or force +_____ + +harm + + v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt +_____ + +harvest + + v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered +_____ + +hat + + n. a head cover +_____ + +hate + + v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite + love +_____ + +have + + v. to possess; to own; to hold +_____ + +he + + pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about +_____ + +head + + v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something; + the highest position +_____ + +headquarters + + n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a + business or organization +_____ + +heal + + v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well +_____ + +health + + n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being + free from sickness or disease +_____ + +hear + + v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about +_____ + +heat + + v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by + burning fuel; energy from the sun +_____ + +heavy + + ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force +_____ + +helicopter + + n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one + place above the ground +_____ + +help + + v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid +_____ + +here + + ad. in, to or at this place +_____ + +hero + + n. a person honored for being brave or wise +_____ + +hide + + v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret +_____ + +high + + ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others +_____ + +hijack + + v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force +_____ + +hill + + n. a small mountain +_____ + +history + + n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the + past +_____ + +hit + + v. to strike; to touch with force +_____ + +hold + + v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one + position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to + organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.") +_____ + +hole + + n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something +_____ + +holiday + + n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to + honor or remember a person or event +_____ + +holy + + ad. greatly honored in religion +_____ + +home + + n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the + place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one + lives +_____ + +honest + + ad. truthful; able to be trusted +_____ + +honor + + v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's + parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He + received many honors for his efforts to help others.") +_____ + +hope + + v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will + happen as wanted; to want something to happen +_____ + +horrible + + ad. causing great fear; terrible +_____ + +horse + + n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work +_____ + +hospital + + n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care +_____ + +hostage + + n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise + will be honored +_____ + +hostile + + ad. ready to fight; ready for war +_____ + +hot + + ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature +_____ + +hotel + + n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers +_____ + +hour + + n. a measure of time; sixty minutes +_____ + +house + + n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or + lawmaking group ("House of Representatives") +_____ + +how + + ad. in what way; to what amount +_____ + +however + + conj. yet; but +_____ + +huge + + ad. very big; of great size +_____ + +human + + ad. of or about people +_____ + +humor + + n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh +_____ + +hunger + + n. the need for food +_____ + +hunt + + v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to + find +_____ + +hurry + + v. to do or go fast +_____ + +hurt + + v. to cause pain, injury or damage +_____ + +husband + + n. a man who is married +_____ + +I + + pro. the person speaking +_____ + +ice + + n. frozen water +_____ + +idea + + n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief +_____ + +identify + + v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are +_____ + +if + + conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.") +_____ + +ignore + + v. to pay no attention to or refuse to consider (“The president + ignored the protesters outside his office.”) +_____ + +illegal + + ad. not legal; in violation of a law +_____ + +imagine + + v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea +_____ + +immediate + + ad. without delay; very near in time or place +_____ + +immigrant + + n. a person who arrives in a country to live there +_____ + +import + + v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another + country, usually for sale +_____ + +important + + ad. having great meaning, value or power +_____ + +improve + + v. to make better; to become better +_____ + +in + + prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during +_____ + +incident + + n. an event or something that happens +_____ + +incite + + v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or + violent +_____ + +include + + v. to have; to make a part of +_____ + +increase + + v. to make more in size or amount +_____ + +independent + + ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free; + separate +_____ + +individual + + n. one person +_____ + +industry + + n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and + related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved + in manufacturing +_____ + +infect + + v. to make sick with something that causes disease +_____ + +inflation + + n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down +_____ + +influence + + v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change +_____ + +inform + + v. to tell; to give knowledge to +_____ + +information + + n. knowledge; facts +_____ + +inject + + v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the + body through the skin +_____ + +injure + + v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal +_____ + +innocent + + ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action +_____ + +insane + + ad. mentally sick +_____ + +insect + + n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with + wings +_____ + +inspect + + v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert +_____ + +instead + + ad. in the place of; taking the place of +_____ + +instrument + + n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something +_____ + +insult + + v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry + or dishonored +_____ + +intelligence + + n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying +_____ + +intelligent + + ad. quick to understand or learn +_____ + +intense + + ad. very strong; extremely serious +_____ + +interest + + n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests." + "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a + business; money paid for the use of money borrowed +_____ + +interfere + + v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the + activities of others, especially when not asked to do so +_____ + +international + + ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole + world +_____ + +Internet + + n. the extensive communications system that connects computers around + the world +_____ + +intervene + + v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve +_____ + +invade + + v. to enter an area or country by force with an army +_____ + +invent + + v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing + or way of doing something +_____ + +invest + + v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making + more money +_____ + +investigate + + v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or + charge; to search for the truth +_____ + +invite + + v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or + gathering +_____ + +involve + + v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include +_____ + +iron + + n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools +_____ + +island + + n. a land area with water all around it +_____ + +issue + + n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or + arguing about +_____ + +it + + pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The + sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.") +_____ + +jail + + n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those + serving sentences for crimes that are not serious +_____ + +jewel + + n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald +_____ + +job + + n. the work that one does to earn money +_____ + +join + + v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of +_____ + +joint + + ad. shared by two or more +_____ + +joke + + n. something done or said to cause others to laugh +_____ + +judge + + v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal + one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court +_____ + +jump + + v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air +_____ + +jury + + n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial +_____ + +just + + ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after + the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I + came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.") +_____ + +justice + + n. the quality of being right, fair or lawful +_____ + +keep + + v. to possess; to have for oneself +_____ + +kick + + v. to hit with the foot +_____ + +kidnap + + v. to seize and take away by force +_____ + +kill + + v. to make dead; to cause to die +_____ + +kind + + n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful +_____ + +kiss + + v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor +_____ + +knife + + n. a tool or weapon used to cut +_____ + +know + + v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to + recognize someone because you have met and talked together before +_____ + +knowledge + + n. that which is known; learning or understanding +_____ + +labor + + n. work; workers as a group +_____ + +laboratory + + n. a room or place where experiments in science are done +_____ + +lack + + v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having +_____ + +lake + + n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land +_____ + +land + + v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports."); + n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground +_____ + +language + + n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or + group +_____ + +large + + ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite + small +_____ + +last + + v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all + others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.") +_____ + +late + + ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early +_____ + +laugh + + v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings +_____ + +launch + + v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space +_____ + +law + + n. all or any rules made by a government +_____ + +lead + + v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first +_____ + +leak + + v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole + (usually a gas or liquid) +_____ + +learn + + v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts +_____ + +leave + + v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is +_____ + +left + + ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north; + opposite right +_____ + +legal + + ad. of or in agreement with the law +_____ + +legislature + + n. a government lawmaking group +_____ + +lend + + v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of + money +_____ + +less + + ad. smaller in amount; not as much +_____ + +let + + v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible +_____ + +letter + + n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to + another person +_____ + +level + + n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the + position of something or someone +_____ + +liberal + + ad. one who usually supports social progress or change +_____ + +lie + + v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something + that one knows is not true +_____ + +life + + n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living + things +_____ + +lift + + v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level +_____ + +light + + n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see; + anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy +_____ + +lightning + + n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm +_____ + +like + + v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something; + ad. in the same way as; similar to +_____ + +limit + + v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number + permitted +_____ + +line + + n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things + organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by + military forces +_____ + +link + + v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation + between two or more things, situations or events +_____ + +liquid + + n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like + water +_____ + +list + + v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a + written series of names or things +_____ + +listen + + v. to try to hear +_____ + +literature + + n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a + country +_____ + +little + + ad. not tall or big; a small amount +_____ + +live + + v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive +_____ + +load + + v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is + carried +_____ + +loan + + n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest + payments; something borrowed +_____ + +local + + ad. about or having to do with one place +_____ + +lonely + + ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a + lonely man") +_____ + +long + + ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for + much time +_____ + +look + + v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to + seem to be +_____ + +lose + + v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated +_____ + +loud + + ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise +_____ + +love + + v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes + involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something; + opposite hate +_____ + +low + + ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground +_____ + +loyal + + ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something +_____ + +luck + + n. something that happens by chance +_____ + +machine + + n. a device with moving parts used to do work +_____ + +magazine + + n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information +_____ + +mail + + n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system, + such as a post office +_____ + +main + + ad. the most important or largest +_____ + +major + + ad. great in size, importance or amount +_____ + +majority + + n. the greater number; more than half +_____ + +make + + v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an + action; to cause to be or to become +_____ + +male + + n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or + about men +_____ + +man + + n. an adult male human +_____ + +manufacture + + v. to make goods in large amounts +_____ + +many + + ad. a large number or amount of +_____ + +map + + n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it +_____ + +march + + v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group + to protest about something +_____ + +mark + + v. to make a sign or cut on something +_____ + +market + + n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic + system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are + and how much money people are willing to pay for them +_____ + +marry + + v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become + husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony) +_____ + +mass + + n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large + size +_____ + +mate + + v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature +_____ + +material + + n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or + from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone; + anything that can be made into something else +_____ + +mathematics + + n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by + numbers and signs +_____ + +matter + + n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of +_____ + +may + + v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I + go?" "They may leave tomorrow.") +_____ + +mayor + + n. the chief official of a city or town government +_____ + +meal + + n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner +_____ + +mean + + v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of +_____ + +measure + + v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action + taken; a legislative proposal +_____ + +meat + + n. the part of a dead animal used for food +_____ + +media + + n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, + television and radio +_____ + +medicine + + n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or + study of treating and curing disease or improving health +_____ + +meet + + v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and + place +_____ + +melt + + v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it +_____ + +member + + n. one of a group +_____ + +memorial + + n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event +_____ + +memory + + n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a + thing remembered +_____ + +mental + + ad. about or having to do with the mind +_____ + +message + + n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to + another person or group +_____ + +metal + + n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold +_____ + +method + + n. the way something is done +_____ + +microscope + + n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be + studied +_____ + +middle + + n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or + ends; ad. in the center +_____ + +militant + + n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the + use of force or violence +_____ + +military + + n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed + forces +_____ + +militia + + n. an army of citizens instead of professional soldiers; an armed + force or private army +_____ + +milk + + n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young +_____ + +mind + + n. the thinking, feeling part of a person +_____ + +mine + + v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place + in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the + ground or under water so it cannot be seen +_____ + +mineral + + n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such + as coal or salt +_____ + +minister + + n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime + minister,"foreign minister") +_____ + +minor + + ad. small in size; of little importance +_____ + +minority + + n. the smaller number; opposite majority +_____ + +minute + + n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty + seconds +_____ + +miss + + v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet +_____ + +missile + + n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes + when it reaches its target +_____ + +missing + + ad. lost; not found +_____ + +mistake + + n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge + that it was wrong +_____ + +mix + + v. to put different things together to make one thing +_____ + +mob + + n. a large group of wild or angry people +_____ + +model + + n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something + will look or work +_____ + +moderate + + ad. not extreme +_____ + +modern + + ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved +_____ + +money + + n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things +_____ + +month + + n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided +_____ + +moon + + n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth + about every twenty-nine days +_____ + +moral + + ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions +_____ + +more + + ad. greater in size or amount +_____ + +morning + + n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon +_____ + +most + + ad. greatest in size or amount +_____ + +mother + + n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children +_____ + +motion + + n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place +_____ + +mountain + + n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around + it +_____ + +mourn + + v. to express or feel sadness +_____ + +move + + v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go +_____ + +movement + + n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts + to reach a goal +_____ + +movie + + n. a motion picture; a film +_____ + +much + + ad. great in amount +_____ + +murder + + v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another + person +_____ + +music + + n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument +_____ + +must + + v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to + school.") +_____ + +mystery + + n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a + secret +_____ + +name + + v. to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word by which a + person, animal or thing is known or called +_____ + +narrow + + ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from + one side to the other +_____ + +nation + + n. a country, together with its social and political systems +_____ + +native + + n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there +_____ + +natural + + ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind +_____ + +nature + + n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by + humans; events or processes not caused by humans +_____ + +navy + + n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea +_____ + +near + + ad. not far; close to +_____ + +necessary + + ad. needed to get a result or effect; required +_____ + +need + + v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do +_____ + +negotiate + + v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution +_____ + +neighbor + + n. a person or country that is next to or near another +_____ + +neither + + ad. not one or the other of two +_____ + +neutral + + ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute +_____ + +never + + ad. at no time; not ever +_____ + +new + + ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, + bought or grown; another; different +_____ + +news + + n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the + media +_____ + +next + + ad. coming immediately after; nearest +_____ + +nice + + ad. pleasing; good; kind +_____ + +night + + n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when + there is little or no light +_____ + +no + + ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all +_____ + +noise + + n. sound, especially when loud +_____ + +nominate + + v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person + for an office or position +_____ + +noon + + n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime +_____ + +normal + + n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected +_____ + +north + + n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun +_____ + +not + + ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not + going.") +_____ + +note + + v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written + to help a person remember; a short letter +_____ + +nothing + + n. not anything; no thing +_____ + +now + + ad. at this time; immediately +_____ + +nowhere + + ad. not in, to or at any place +_____ + +nuclear + + ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing + them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from + atoms +_____ + +number + + n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things +_____ + +obey + + v. to act as one is ordered to act +_____ + +object + + v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something + not alive that can be seen or touched +_____ + +observe + + v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something + ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.") +_____ + +occupy + + v. to take and hold or to control by force +_____ + +ocean + + n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of + the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water +_____ + +of + + prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among +_____ + +off + + ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer + operating or continuing; not on; not connected +_____ + +offensive + + n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking +_____ + +offer + + v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that + which is presented or proposed +_____ + +office + + n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public + position to which one is elected or appointed +_____ + +officer + + n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a + member of a police force +_____ + +official + + n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an + organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the + government or someone in power +_____ + +often + + ad. many times +_____ + +oil + + n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; + a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel +_____ + +old + + ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years +_____ + +on + + prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book + is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The + report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on + Wednesday.") +_____ + +once + + ad. one time only +_____ + +only + + ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two + dollars.") +_____ + +open + + v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret +_____ + +operate + + v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons +_____ + +opinion + + n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking +_____ + +oppose + + v. to be against; to fight against +_____ + +opposite + + ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the + other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.") +_____ + +oppress + + v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel + force or power +_____ + +or + + conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several + choices +_____ + +orbit + + v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or + way an object travels in space around another object or planet +_____ + +order + + v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the + correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in + which people obey laws +_____ + +organize + + v. to put in order; to put together into a system +_____ + +other + + ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or + more ">("That man is short; the other is tall.") +_____ + +our + + ad. of or belonging to us +_____ + +oust + + v. to force to leave; to remove by force +_____ + +out + + ad. away from the inside; opposite of in +_____ + +over + + conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the + world") +_____ + +overthrow + + v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force +_____ + +owe + + v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something + received +_____ + +own + + v. to have or possess for oneself +_____ + +pain + + n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body +_____ + +paint + + v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; + n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface +_____ + +paper + + n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for + writing +_____ + +parachute + + n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an + airplane or helicopter to the ground +_____ + +parade + + n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a + special event or anniversary +_____ + +pardon + + v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment +_____ + +parent + + n. a father or mother +_____ + +parliament + + n. a government lawmaking group +_____ + +part + + n. something less than the whole; not all of something +_____ + +partner + + n. a person who takes part in some activity in common with another or + others. (“The two men were business partners.”) +_____ + +party + + n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group + of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment +_____ + +pass + + v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or + permit to go +_____ + +passenger + + n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the + pilot or driver +_____ + +passport + + n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country +_____ + +past + + n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; + former +_____ + +path + + n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves +_____ + +patient + + n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem +_____ + +pay + + v. to give money for work done or for something bought +_____ + +peace + + n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet +_____ + +people + + n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or + nation ("the American people") +_____ + +percent + + n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.") +_____ + +perfect + + ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; + without mistakes +_____ + +perform + + v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others +_____ + +period + + n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions +_____ + +permanent + + ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time +_____ + +permit + + v. to let; to make possible +_____ + +person + + n. a man, woman or child +_____ + +persuade + + v. to cause someone to do something by explaining or urging. (“The + police persuaded the criminal to surrender his weapon.”) +_____ + +physical + + ad. of the body +_____ + +physics + + n. the study of motion, matter and energy +_____ + +picture + + n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or + representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is + made with a camera +_____ + +piece + + n. a part of something larger +_____ + +pig + + n. a farm animal used for its meat +_____ + +pilot + + n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter +_____ + +pipe + + n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas +_____ + +place + + v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space + where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country +_____ + +plan + + v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing + something ">("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or + developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.") +_____ + +planet + + n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.") +_____ + +plant + + v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground + which gets its food from air, water and earth +_____ + +plastic + + n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into + things +_____ + +play + + v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on + an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater +_____ + +please + + v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment +_____ + +plenty + + n. all that is needed; a large enough amount +_____ + +plot + + v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or + illegal +_____ + +poem + + n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express + emotions +_____ + +point + + v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something +_____ + +poison + + n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health +_____ + +police + + n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping + order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency +_____ + +policy + + n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make + decisions in politics, economics or business +_____ + +politics + + n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office +_____ + +pollute + + v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or + water +_____ + +poor + + n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad + quality +_____ + +popular + + ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public +_____ + +population + + n. all the people in a place, city or country +_____ + +port + + n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where + ships can be safe from a storm +_____ + +position + + n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or + placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization +_____ + +possess + + v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by +_____ + +possible + + ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen +_____ + +postpone + + v. to delay action until a later time +_____ + +pour + + v. to flow; to cause to flow +_____ + +poverty + + n. the condition of being poor +_____ + +power + + n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling + force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the + wheel.") +_____ + +praise + + v. to say good things about; to approve +_____ + +pray + + v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit +_____ + +predict + + v. to say what one believes will happen in the future. (“The weather + scientist predicted a cold winter.”) +_____ + +pregnant + + ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to + give birth to a baby +_____ + +present + + v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the + committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their + anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at + a place ("I was present at school yesterday.") +_____ + +president + + n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of + an organization +_____ + +press + + v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications +_____ + +pressure + + n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against + something else +_____ + +prevent + + v. to keep or stop from going or happening +_____ + +price + + n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered + for sale +_____ + +prison + + n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime +_____ + +private + + ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public +_____ + +prize + + n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that + one must work hard for to get +_____ + +probably + + ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible +_____ + +problem + + n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer +_____ + +process + + n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result +_____ + +produce + + v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture +_____ + +profession + + n. a job that requires special training +_____ + +professor + + n. a teacher at a college or university +_____ + +profit + + n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of + that activity +_____ + +program + + n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or + show +_____ + +progress + + n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal +_____ + +project + + n. a planned effort to do something +_____ + +promise + + v. to say one will do something; n. a spoken or written agreement to + do something +_____ + +propaganda + + n. ideas or information used to influence opinions +_____ + +property + + n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods +_____ + +propose + + v. to present or offer for consideration +_____ + +protect + + v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged +_____ + +protest + + v. to speak against; to object +_____ + +prove + + v. to show to be true +_____ + +provide + + v. to give something needed or wanted +_____ + +public + + ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite + private +_____ + +publication + + n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine +_____ + +publish + + v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a + book, newspaper or magazine +_____ + +pull + + v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the + force; opposite push +_____ + +pump + + v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through +_____ + +punish + + v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal +_____ + +purchase + + v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which + is bought +_____ + +pure + + ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean +_____ + +purpose + + n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal +_____ + +push + + v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using + the force; opposite pull +_____ + +put + + v. to place; to set in position +_____ + +quality + + n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality + of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their + goods are of the highest quality.") +_____ + +question + + v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used + in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed +_____ + +quick + + ad. fast +_____ + +quiet + + ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm +_____ + +race + + v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can + move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one + of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a + common physical similarity, such as skin color +_____ + +radar + + n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of + objects that may be too far away to be seen +_____ + +radiation + + n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy + from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous +_____ + +radio + + n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the + air without wires +_____ + +raid + + v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act + of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something +_____ + +railroad + + n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its + stations and equipment +_____ + +rain + + n. water falling from the sky +_____ + +raise + + v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to + increase +_____ + +rape + + v. to carry out a sexual attack by force against a person +_____ + +rare + + ad. not common; not usual; not often +_____ + +rate + + n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the + price of any thing or service that is bought or sold +_____ + +reach + + v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to +_____ + +react + + v. to act as a result of or in answer to +_____ + +read + + v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers +_____ + +ready + + ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing +_____ + +real + + ad. true; truly existing; not false +_____ + +realistic + + ad. in agreement with the way things are +_____ + +reason + + n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains +_____ + +reasonable + + ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing + to compromise +_____ + +rebel + + v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse + to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or + her country +_____ + +receive + + v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent +_____ + +recent + + ad. a short time ago +_____ + +recession + + n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce + less and many workers lose their jobs +_____ + +recognize + + v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known + about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and + establish diplomatic ties with its government +_____ + +record + + v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound + or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a + writing that shows proof or facts about something +_____ + +recover + + v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The + police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or + normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.") +_____ + +red + + ad. having the color like that of blood +_____ + +reduce + + v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut +_____ + +reform + + v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better + condition +_____ + +refugee + + n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, + danger or war +_____ + +refuse + + v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something +_____ + +register + + v. to have one’s name officially placed on a list of people permitted + to vote in an election or take part in an educational program +_____ + +regret + + n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that + happens +_____ + +reject + + v. to refuse to accept, use or believe +_____ + +relations + + n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; + people connected by marriage or family ties +_____ + +release + + v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public +_____ + +religion + + n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods +_____ + +remain + + v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same +_____ + +remains + + n. a dead body +_____ + +remember + + v. to think about the past; opposite forget +_____ + +remove + + v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a + position or office +_____ + +repair + + n. work done to fix something +_____ + +repeat + + v. to say or do again +_____ + +report + + v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. + the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a + statement in which the facts may not be confirmed +_____ + +represent + + v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as + an example +_____ + +repress + + v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force +_____ + +request + + v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for +_____ + +require + + v. to need or demand as necessary +_____ + +rescue + + v. to free from danger or evil +_____ + +research + + n. a careful study to discover correct information +_____ + +resign + + v. to leave a position, job or office +_____ + +resist + + v. to oppose; to fight to prevent +_____ + +resolution + + n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually + reached by voting +_____ + +resource + + n. anything of value that can be used or sold +_____ + +respect + + v. to feel or show honor to a person or thing (“All citizens should + respect the law.”) +_____ + +responsible + + ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the + report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the + accident.") +_____ + +rest + + v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which + remains; the others +_____ + +restaurant + + n. a place where people can buy and eat meals +_____ + +restrain + + v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group +_____ + +restrict + + v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger +_____ + +result + + v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a + cause; effect +_____ + +retire + + v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health +_____ + +return + + v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back +_____ + +revolt + + v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of + government +_____ + +rice + + n. a food grain +_____ + +rich + + ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something +_____ + +ride + + v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled + vehicle, airplane or boat +_____ + +right + + n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It + is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; + opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing + north; opposite left +_____ + +riot + + v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a + violent action by a large group of people +_____ + +rise + + v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of + sitting or lying to a position of standing +_____ + +risk + + n. the chance of loss, damage or injury +_____ + +river + + n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, + a lake or an ocean +_____ + +road + + n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can + walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other +_____ + +rob + + v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal +_____ + +rock + + n. a hard piece of mineral matter +_____ + +rocket + + n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by + burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, + sometimes used as a weapon +_____ + +roll + + v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball +_____ + +room + + n. a separate area within a building with its own walls +_____ + +root + + n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients + from the soil +_____ + +rope + + n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of + material, used for tying +_____ + +rough + + ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made + well +_____ + +round + + ad. having the shape of a ball or circle +_____ + +rub + + v. to move something over the surface of another thing +_____ + +rubber + + n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a + similar substance made from chemicals +_____ + +ruin + + v. to damage severely; to destroy +_____ + +rule + + v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that + says how something must be done +_____ + +run + + v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking +_____ + +rural + + ad. describing areas away from cities which may include farms, small + towns and unpopulated areas +_____ + +sabotage + + v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation + ("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.") +_____ + +sacrifice + + v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, + goal or another person +_____ + +sad + + ad. not happy +_____ + +safe + + ad. away from harm or danger +_____ + +sail + + v. to travel by boat or ship +_____ + +sailor + + n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship +_____ + +salt + + n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to + affect the taste of food +_____ + +same + + ad. not different; not changed; like another or others +_____ + +sand + + n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in + deserts and on coasts +_____ + +satellite + + n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an + object placed in orbit around the earth +_____ + +satisfy + + v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded +_____ + +save + + v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use +_____ + +say + + v. to speak; to express in words +_____ + +school + + n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn +_____ + +science + + n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the + knowledge gained about them +_____ + +sea + + n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean +_____ + +search + + v. to look for carefully +_____ + +season + + n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's + position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of + time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy + season"); a period during the year when something usually happens + ("baseball season") +_____ + +seat + + n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a + seat in parliament") +_____ + +second + + ad. the one that comes after the first +_____ + +secret + + n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. + hidden from others; known only to a few +_____ + +security + + n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to + protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.") +_____ + +see + + v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know +_____ + +seed + + n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow +_____ + +seek(ing) + + v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to + get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do + ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.") +_____ + +seem + + v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.") +_____ + +seize + + v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest +_____ + +self + + n. all that which makes one person different from others +_____ + +sell + + v. to give something in exchange for money +_____ + +Senate + + n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, + such as in the United States Congress +_____ + +send + + v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or + directed to or away from a place +_____ + +sense + + v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. + any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel +_____ + +sentence + + v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a + crime +_____ + +separate + + v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent + from others; ad. not together or connected; different +_____ + +series + + n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another + in time, position or order +_____ + +serious + + ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous +_____ + +serve + + v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist + or help +_____ + +service + + n. an organization or system that provides something for the public + ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an + organization or business can do for money; military organizations such + as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony +_____ + +set + + v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit +_____ + +settle + + v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a + new place +_____ + +several + + ad. three or more, but not many +_____ + +severe + + ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage +_____ + +sex + + n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals + are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical + activity by which humans and animals can produce young +_____ + +shake + + v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements +_____ + +shape + + v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks +_____ + +share + + v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging + to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the + equal parts of ownership of a business or company +_____ + +sharp + + ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing + hurt or pain +_____ + +she + + pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about +_____ + +sheep + + n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair +_____ + +shell + + v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large + gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover +_____ + +shelter + + v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives + protection; a place of safety +_____ + +shine + + v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to + make bright +_____ + +ship + + v. to transport; n. a large boat +_____ + +shock + + v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly + affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake +_____ + +shoe + + n. a covering for the foot +_____ + +shoot + + v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to + kill; to use a gun +_____ + +short + + ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall +_____ + +should + + v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We + should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that + something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be + punished.") +_____ + +shout + + v. to speak very loudly +_____ + +show + + v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story + presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for + enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public +_____ + +shrink + + v. to make or become less in size, weight or value +_____ + +sick + + ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; + not in good health +_____ + +sickness + + n. the condition of being in bad health +_____ + +side + + n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; + parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body +_____ + +sign + + v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; + evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of + material with writing that gives information +_____ + +signal + + v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a + message +_____ + +silence + + v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of + noise or sound +_____ + +silver + + n. a valued white metal +_____ + +similar + + ad. like something else but not exactly the same +_____ + +simple + + ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex +_____ + +since + + prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we + went to school together.") +_____ + +sing + + v. to make music sounds with the voice +_____ + +single + + ad. one only +_____ + +sink + + v. to go down into water or other liquid +_____ + +sister + + n. a female with the same father or mother as another person +_____ + +sit + + v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the + legs; to become seated +_____ + +situation + + n. the way things are during a period of time +_____ + +size + + n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something + is +_____ + +skeleton + + n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal + positions +_____ + +skill + + n. the ability gained from training or experience +_____ + +skin + + n. the outer covering of humans and most animals +_____ + +sky + + n. the space above the earth +_____ + +slave + + n. a person owned or controlled by another +_____ + +sleep + + v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed +_____ + +slide + + v. to move smoothly over a surface +_____ + +slow + + v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other + activities +_____ + +small + + ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite + large +_____ + +smash + + v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move + with >force +_____ + +smell + + v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the + smell of food cooking") +_____ + +smoke + + v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and + breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air + like a cloud from something burning +_____ + +smooth + + ad. having a level surface; opposite rough +_____ + +snow + + n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually + in winter or when the air temperature is very cold +_____ + +so + + ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it."); + also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); + as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in + order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the + plans.") +_____ + +social + + ad. of or about people or a group +_____ + +soft + + ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud +_____ + +soil + + n. earth in which plants grow +_____ + +soldier + + n. a person in the army +_____ + +solid + + ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in + the form of a liquid or gas +_____ + +solve + + v. to find an answer; to settle +_____ + +some + + ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all +_____ + +son + + n. a person's male child +_____ + +soon + + ad. not long after the present time; quickly +_____ + +sort + + n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in + some way; a kind of something +_____ + +sound + + n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in + hearing; that which is heard +_____ + +south + + n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun +_____ + +space + + n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, + planets and stars are; the area between or inside things +_____ + +speak + + v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to + others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group +_____ + +special + + ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or + more important than others of the same kind +_____ + +speech + + n. a talk given to a group of people +_____ + +speed + + v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something + moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done +_____ + +spend + + v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.") +_____ + +spill + + v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident +_____ + +spirit + + n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to + thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain + alive after death +_____ + +split + + v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts +_____ + +sport + + n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or + skill +_____ + +spread + + v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known +_____ + +spring + + n. the time of the year between winter and summer +_____ + +spy + + v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others + secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information + about another country +_____ + +square + + n. a flat shape having four equal sides +_____ + +stab + + v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon +_____ + +stand + + v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a + surface; to be in one position or place +_____ + +star + + n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at + night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or + singer +_____ + +start + + v. to begin; to make something begin +_____ + +starve + + v. to suffer or die from a lack of food +_____ + +state + + v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation +_____ + +station + + n. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place + where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or + television broadcasts +_____ + +statue + + n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, + wood or metal +_____ + +stay + + v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live + for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.") +_____ + +steal + + v. to take without permission or paying +_____ + +steam + + n. the gas that comes from hot water +_____ + +steel + + n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances +_____ + +step + + v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. + the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a + goal +_____ + +stick + + v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will + hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement + is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece + of wood +_____ + +still + + ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a + stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was + difficult, but she still wanted to do it.") +_____ + +stone + + n. a small piece of rock +_____ + +stop + + v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end +_____ + +store + + v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy + things +_____ + +storm + + n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow +_____ + +story + + n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined +_____ + +stove + + n. a heating device used for cooking +_____ + +straight + + ad. continuing in one direction without turns +_____ + +strange + + ad. unusual; not normal; not known +_____ + +street + + n. a road in a city, town or village +_____ + +stretch + + v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider +_____ + +strike + + v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, + more pay or to make other demands +_____ + +strong + + ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed +_____ + +structure + + n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is + formed or organized in a special way; a building +_____ + +struggle + + v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight +_____ + +study + + v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine + carefully +_____ + +stupid + + ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent +_____ + +subject + + n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about +_____ + +submarine + + n. an underwater ship +_____ + +substance + + n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas) +_____ + +substitute + + v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used + in place of another +_____ + +subversion + + n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, + usually secretly +_____ + +succeed + + v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result +_____ + +such + + ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to +_____ + +sudden + + ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or + without preparation +_____ + +suffer + + v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or + sadness +_____ + +sugar + + n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants +_____ + +suggest + + v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider +_____ + +suicide + + n. the act of killing oneself +_____ + +summer + + n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn +_____ + +sun + + n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth +_____ + +supervise + + v. to direct and observe the work of others +_____ + +supply + + v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given + or sold to others +_____ + +support + + v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with + others and help them reach a goal; to approve +_____ + +suppose + + v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to + expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.") +_____ + +suppress + + v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from + being known publicly +_____ + +sure + + ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question +_____ + +surface + + n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the + surface of the moon.") +_____ + +surplus + + n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a + trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.") +_____ + +surprise + + v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n. + something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected +_____ + +surrender + + v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; + to stop fighting and admit defeat +_____ + +surround + + v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or + something +_____ + +survive + + v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation +_____ + +suspect + + v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or + illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty +_____ + +suspend + + v. to cause to stop for a period of time +_____ + +swallow + + v. to take into the stomach through the mouth +_____ + +swear in + + v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to + carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in + the president.") +_____ + +sweet + + ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar +_____ + +swim + + v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs +_____ + +sympathy + + n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually + feelings of sadness +_____ + +system + + n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a + plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a + common purpose or goal +_____ + +take + + v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move + it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to + begin to be in control ("The president takes office tomorrow.") +_____ + +talk + + v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion +_____ + +tall + + ad. higher than others; opposite short +_____ + +tank + + n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle + with guns +_____ + +target + + n. any person or object aimed at or fired at +_____ + +taste + + v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.") +_____ + +tax + + n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the + government can provide services +_____ + +tea + + n. a drink made from the plant of the same name +_____ + +teach + + v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to + understand +_____ + +team + + n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports +_____ + +tear + + v. to pull apart, often by force +_____ + +technical + + ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry, + transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of + subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this + system works.") +_____ + +technology + + n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and + services +_____ + +telephone + + n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over + distances +_____ + +telescope + + n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and + larger +_____ + +television + + n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into + pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by + electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on + a receiver +_____ + +tell + + v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to + command +_____ + +temperature + + n. the measurement of heat and cold +_____ + +temporary + + ad. lasting only a short time +_____ + +tense + + ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm +_____ + +term + + n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries + out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the + conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved + in it +_____ + +terrible + + ad. very bad; causing terror or fear +_____ + +territory + + n. a large area of land +_____ + +terror + + n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear +_____ + +terrorist + + n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a + way to influence a government +_____ + +test + + v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will + act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine + soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how + it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes + place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a + person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.") +_____ + +than + + conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are + not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.") +_____ + +thank + + v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that + person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.") +_____ + +that + + ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man + is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about + ("The building that I saw was very large.") +_____ + +the + + pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing + that is known about or is being spoken about +_____ + +theater + + n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed +_____ + +them + + pro. other people being spoken about +_____ + +then + + ad. at that time; existing; and so +_____ + +theory + + n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something + happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven + ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of + dinosaurs.") +_____ + +there + + ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place +_____ + +these + + pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been + spoken about already +_____ + +they + + pro. those ones being spoken about +_____ + +thick + + ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall + is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest + is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow + easily; opposite thin +_____ + +thin + + ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; + not wide; opposite thick +_____ + +thing + + n. any object +_____ + +think + + v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to + believe +_____ + +third + + ad. coming after two others +_____ + +this + + pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been + spoken about already +_____ + +threaten + + v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage +_____ + +through + + prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top + to bottom; with the help of; by +_____ + +throw + + v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm +_____ + +tie + + v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins + or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade + ties.") +_____ + +time + + n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period + that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a + period when an event should or will take place +_____ + +tired + + ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or + rest +_____ + +to + + prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place + toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose +_____ + +today + + n. this day +_____ + +together + + ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation +_____ + +tomorrow + + n. the day after today +_____ + +tonight + + n. this night +_____ + +too + + ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary +_____ + +tool + + n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work +_____ + +top + + n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something +_____ + +torture + + v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to + harm, to punish or to get information from +_____ + +total + + n. the complete amount +_____ + +touch + + v. to put the hand or fingers on +_____ + +toward + + prep. in the direction of; leading to +_____ + +town + + n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large + as a city +_____ + +trade + + v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity + of buying, selling or exchanging products or services +_____ + +tradition + + n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time +_____ + +traffic + + n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or + waterway +_____ + +tragic + + ad. extremely sad; terrible +_____ + +train + + v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; + n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad +_____ + +transport + + v. to move goods or people from one place to another +_____ + +transportation + + n. the act or business of moving goods or people +_____ + +trap + + v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or + escape; n. a device used to catch animals +_____ + +travel + + v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance +_____ + +treason + + n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its + enemies +_____ + +treasure + + n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value +_____ + +treat + + v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure +_____ + +treatment + + n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make + better +_____ + +treaty + + n. a written agreement between two or more nations +_____ + +tree + + n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves +_____ + +trial + + n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a + charge is true +_____ + +tribe + + n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader +_____ + +trick + + v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or + her do something +_____ + +trip + + n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance +_____ + +troops + + n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group +_____ + +trouble + + n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems +_____ + +truce + + n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved +_____ + +truck + + n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods +_____ + +true + + ad. correct; not false +_____ + +trust + + v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm +_____ + +try + + v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide + if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime +_____ + +tube + + n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a + long, thin container in which they can be kept +_____ + +turn + + v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change + color, form or shape +_____ + +under + + prep. below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law, + agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action + is not permitted under the law.") +_____ + +understand + + v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of +_____ + +unite + + v. to join together +_____ + +universe + + n. all of space, including planets and stars +_____ + +university + + n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and + research organizations +_____ + +unless + + conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless + the rain stops.") +_____ + +until + + conj. up to a time; before +_____ + +up + + ad. to, in or at a higher position or value +_____ + +urge + + v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do + something +_____ + +urgent + + ad. needing an immediate decision or action +_____ + +us + + pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he + would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us + yesterday.") +_____ + +use + + v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action +_____ + +usual + + ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard +_____ + +vacation + + n. a holiday; a period of time for travel, pleasure or rest, + especially one with pay given to an employee +_____ + +vaccine + + n. a substance containing killed or weakened organisms given to a + person or animal to produce protection against a disease +_____ + +valley + + n. a long area of land between higher areas of land +_____ + +value + + n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of + money that could be received if something is sold +_____ + +vegetable + + n. a plant grown for food +_____ + +vehicle + + n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be + transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck +_____ + +version + + n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later + forms +_____ + +very + + ad. extremely ("He was very late.") +_____ + +veto + + v. to reject or refuse to approve +_____ + +victim + + n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; + someone who is tricked +_____ + +victory + + n. a success in a fight or competition +_____ + +video + + n. a method of recording images and sound without a traditional film + camera to be shown on a television, computer or other device +_____ + +village + + n. a very small town +_____ + +violate + + v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement) +_____ + +violence + + n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage +_____ + +visa + + n. the official permission given to a person to enter a country where + he or she is not a citizen +_____ + +visit + + v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or + business reasons +_____ + +voice + + n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking +_____ + +volcano + + n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can + explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air +_____ + +volunteer + + n. a person who chooses to do something without being asked, usually + without being paid +_____ + +vote + + v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision + expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing +_____ + +wages + + n. money received for work done +_____ + +wait + + v. to delay acting; to postpone +_____ + +walk + + v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other +_____ + +wall + + n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other + material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land +_____ + +want + + v. to desire; to wish for; to need +_____ + +war + + n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons +_____ + +warm + + ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat +_____ + +warn + + v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad + that may happen +_____ + +wash + + v. to make clean, usually with water +_____ + +waste + + v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a + spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; + something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid + substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the + body +_____ + +watch + + v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for +_____ + +water + + n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, + rivers and oceans +_____ + +wave + + v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the + wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large + mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean +_____ + +way + + n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method +_____ + +we + + pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I + will go together, and we will return together.") +_____ + +weak + + ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite + strong +_____ + +wealth + + n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value +_____ + +weapon + + n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or + war +_____ + +wear + + v. to have on the body, as clothes +_____ + +weather + + n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, + heat or cold +_____ + +Web site + + n. a collection of information prepared by a person or organization on + the World Wide Web of the Internet +_____ + +week + + n. a period of time equal to seven days +_____ + +weigh + + v. to measure how heavy someone or something is +_____ + +welcome + + v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something + develops +_____ + +well + + ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in + the ground where water, gas or oil can be found +_____ + +west + + n. the direction in which the sun goes down +_____ + +wet + + ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry +_____ + +what + + pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about + something ("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to + know what you would like to drink.") +_____ + +wheat + + n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain +_____ + +wheel + + n. a round structure that turns around a center +_____ + +when + + ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj. + during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.") +_____ + +where + + ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house + where he lives is in the old part of the city.") +_____ + +whether + + conj. if it be the case or fact that (“He did not know whether he was + right or wrong.”) +_____ + +which + + pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or + people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take + the test?") +_____ + +while + + n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at + or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you + are running.") +_____ + +white + + ad. having the color like that of milk or snow +_____ + +who + + pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the + person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.") +_____ + +whole + + ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into + pieces +_____ + +why + + ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason + for which ("I do not know why she did it.") +_____ + +wide + + ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited +_____ + +wife + + n. a woman who is married +_____ + +wild + + ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or + supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled +_____ + +will + + v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will + hold talks tomorrow.") +_____ + +willing + + ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about + the problem.") +_____ + +win + + v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, + election or battle +_____ + +wind + + n. a strong movement of air +_____ + +window + + n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with + glass +_____ + +winter + + n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring +_____ + +wire + + n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry + electricity or electronic communications from one place to another +_____ + +wise + + ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and + understanding to make good or correct decisions +_____ + +wish + + v. to want; to express a desire for +_____ + +with + + prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a + tool."); having ("the house with the red door") +_____ + +withdraw + + v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove +_____ + +without + + prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing +_____ + +witness + + n. a person who saw and can tell about an action or event, sometimes + in a court of law +_____ + +woman + + n. an adult female human +_____ + +wonder + + v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a + feeling of surprise +_____ + +wonderful + + ad. causing wonder; especially good +_____ + +wood + + n. the solid material of which trees are made +_____ + +word + + n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language +_____ + +work + + v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the + effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the + job one does to earn money +_____ + +world + + n. the earth; the people who live on the earth +_____ + +worry + + v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, + can happen +_____ + +worse + + ad. more bad than +_____ + +worth + + n. value measured in money +_____ + +wound + + v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; + n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is + usually cut or broken +_____ + +wreck + + v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly + damaged or broken +_____ + +wreckage + + n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed +_____ + +write + + v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as + paper +_____ + +wrong + + ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right +_____ + +year + + n. a period of time equal to twelve months +_____ + +yellow + + ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun +_____ + +yes + + ad. used to express agreement or to permit +_____ + +yesterday + + n. the day before today +_____ + +yet + + ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this + time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was + shining, yet it was cold.") +_____ + +you + + pro. the person or persons being spoken to +_____ + +young + + ad. in the early years of life; not old +_____ + +zero + + n. the number meaning none or nothing +_____ + +zoo + + n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study