# HG changeset patch # User Oleksandr Gavenko # Date 1481197228 -7200 # Node ID 7d36ce65387e1bdd0d46b6dce7fd54b12b1c08cf # Parent f5de92f37c3e0bacc10e532f540d3f3678b91c23 Separate file for English verb grammar. diff -r f5de92f37c3e -r 7d36ce65387e www/MISC.rst --- a/www/MISC.rst Thu Dec 08 13:31:18 2016 +0200 +++ b/www/MISC.rst Thu Dec 08 13:40:28 2016 +0200 @@ -15,9 +15,10 @@ ======== * `IPA conventions `_. + * `English grammar `_. + * `English verbs `_. * `English punctuation `_. * `English pronunciation `_. * `English affixes (suffixes/prefixes) `_. * `English pronunciation training exercise `_. - * `English phrase examples `_. diff -r f5de92f37c3e -r 7d36ce65387e www/en-grammar.rst --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/www/en-grammar.rst Thu Dec 08 13:40:28 2016 +0200 @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ + +================= + English grammar +================= +.. contents:: + :local: + +Explanation +=========== + +Phrase book is ``Разговорный словарь``. +Phrase examples is ``Речевые образцы``. + +TODO +==== + +Negative question sentence. + +An S (sentence) consists of an NP (noun phrase) followed by a VP (verb phrase). +The second rule reads: A noun phrase consists of a Det (determiner) followed by +an N (noun). Some further categories are listed here: AP (adjective phrase), +AdvP (adverb phrase), PP (prepositional phrase), etc. Specific notations for +writing phrase structure rules can be identified in the third rule. The round +brackets around AP and PP indicate that these constituents are optional. A +single noun can still stand as a noun phrase. + +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics) +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrase +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb_phrase +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective_phrase +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb_phrase +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepositional_phrase + +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_grammar +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-bar_theory +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalist_program +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_grammar + +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_clause_syntax +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uses_of_English_verb_forms +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrasal_verb + +http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_verb diff -r f5de92f37c3e -r 7d36ce65387e www/en-phrase-examples_ru.rst --- a/www/en-phrase-examples_ru.rst Thu Dec 08 13:31:18 2016 +0200 +++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 @@ -1,242 +0,0 @@ - -================================== - Речевые образцы/Phrase examples. -================================== -.. contents:: - :local: - -.. role:: cr - :class: cr -.. role:: cg - :class: cg - -Пояснения -========= - -Разговорный словарь - Phrase book. Речевые образцы - Phrase examples. - -Present Simple Tense -==================== - -``SUB`` - plural or 1st/2nd person subject, ``SUB3`` - singular 3rd person -subject, ``V1`` - infinitive form of verb. - -Check `creating V1 + -s/-es form `_ link for more information. - -.. table:: Statement sentence - - +-------------------------+-----+ - || SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ | - || SUB3 :cr:`V1 + -s/-es` | | - +-------------------------+-----+ - -.. table:: Negation sentence - - +--------------------------------+-----+ - || SUB :cg:`do not` :cr:`V1` | OBJ | - || SUB :cg:`don't` :cr:`V1` | | - || SUB3 :cg:`does not` :cr:`V1` | | - || SUB3 :cg:`doesn't` :cr:`V1` | | - +--------------------------------+-----+ - -.. table:: Question sentence - - +----------------------------+------+ - || :cg:`Do` SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ? | - || :cg:`Does` SUB3 :cr:`V1` | | - +----------------------------+------+ - -Present Simple Tense for be -============================ - -.. table:: Statement sentence - - +-----------------+-----+ - || I :cg:`am` | OBJ | - || :cg:`I'm` | | - +-----------------+ | - || You :cg:`are` | | - || :cg:`You're` | | - || We :cg:`are` | | - || :cg:`We're` | | - || They :cg:`are` | | - || :cg:`They're` | | - +-----------------+ | - || He :cg:`is` | | - || :cg:`He's` | | - || She :cg:`is` | | - || :cg:`She's` | | - || It :cg:`is` | | - || :cg:`It's` | | - +-----------------+-----+ - -.. table:: Negation sentence - - +---------------------+-----+ - || I :cg:`am not` | OBJ | - || :cg:`I'm not` | | - +---------------------+ | - || You :cg:`are not` | | - || You :cg:`aren't` | | - || :cg:`You're not` | | - || We :cg:`are not` | | - || We :cg:`aren't` | | - || :cg:`We're not` | | - || They :cg:`are not` | | - || They :cg:`aren't` | | - || :cg:`They're not` | | - +---------------------+ | - || He :cg:`is not` | | - || He :cg:`isn't` | | - || :cg:`He's not` | | - || She :cg:`is not` | | - || She :cg:`isn't` | | - || :cg:`She's not` | | - || It :cg:`is not` | | - || It :cg:`isn't` | | - || :cg:`It's not` | | - +---------------------+-----+ - -.. table:: Question sentence. - - +------------+--------+-------+ - || :cg:`Am` || I || OBJ? | - +------------+--------+ | - || :cg:`Are` || we | | - | || you | | - | || they | | - +------------+--------+ | - || :cg:`Is` || he | | - | || she | | - | || it | | - +------------+--------+-------+ - -Present Simple Tense for have -============================= - -.. table:: Statement sentence - - +------------------+------+ - || I :cg:`have` || OBJ | - || :cg:`I've` || OBJ | - || You :cg:`have` | | - || :cg:`You've` | | - || We :cg:`have` | | - || :cg:`We've` | | - || They :cg:`have` | | - || :cg:`They've` | | - +------------------+------+ - || He :cg:`has` | | - || :cg:`He's` | | - || She :cg:`has` | | - || :cg:`She's` | | - || It :cg:`has` | | - || :cg:`It's` | | - +------------------+------+ - -.. table:: Negation sentence - - +---------------------+------+ - || I :cg:`have no` || OBJ | - || :cg:`I've no` | | - || You :cg:`have no` | | - || :cg:`You've no` | | - || We :cg:`have no` | | - || :cg:`We've no` | | - || They :cg:`have no` | | - || :cg:`They've no` | | - +---------------------+------+ - || He :cg:`has no` | | - || :cg:`He's no` | | - || She :cg:`has no` | | - || :cg:`She's no` | | - || It :cg:`has no` | | - || :cg:`It's no` | | - +---------------------+------+ - -.. table:: Question sentence - - +-------------+-------+-------+ - || :cg:`Have` || I || OBJ? | - || || you | | - || || we | | - || || they | | - +-------------+-------+ | - || :cg:`Has` || he | | - || || she | | - || || it | | - +-------------+-------+-------+ - -Past simple tense -================= - -``SUB`` - subject, ``V2`` - past form of verb. - -.. table:: Statement sentence - - +-------------------+ - || SUB :cr:`V2` OBJ | - +-------------------+ - -.. table:: Negation sentence - - +------+----------------+--------------+ - || SUB || :cg:`did not` | :cr:`V1` OBJ | - || || :cg:`did't` | | - +------+----------------+--------------+ - -.. table:: Question sentence - - +-------------------------+------+ - || :cg:`Did` SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ? | - +-------------------------+------+ - -Imperative mood -=============== - -``V1`` - infinitive form of verb, ``OBJ`` - object, ``ADV`` - adverb. - -.. table:: imperative mood - - +-------------------+ - || :cr:`V1` OBJ | - || :cr:`V1` OBJ ADV | - +-------------------+ - -.. line-block:: - - Get this! - Bring him immediately! - Do that right now! - -TODO -==== - -Negative question sentence. - -An S (sentence) consists of an NP (noun phrase) followed by a VP (verb phrase). -The second rule reads: A noun phrase consists of a Det (determiner) followed by -an N (noun). Some further categories are listed here: AP (adjective phrase), -AdvP (adverb phrase), PP (prepositional phrase), etc. Specific notations for -writing phrase structure rules can be identified in the third rule. The round -brackets around AP and PP indicate that these constituents are optional. A -single noun can still stand as a noun phrase. - -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics) -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrase -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb_phrase -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective_phrase -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb_phrase -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepositional_phrase - -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_grammar -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-bar_theory -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalist_program -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_grammar - -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_clause_syntax -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uses_of_English_verb_forms -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrasal_verb - -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_verb diff -r f5de92f37c3e -r 7d36ce65387e www/en-verb.rst --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/www/en-verb.rst Thu Dec 08 13:40:28 2016 +0200 @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ + +=============== + English verbs +=============== +.. contents:: + :local: + +.. role:: cr + :class: cr +.. role:: cg + :class: cg + +Present Simple Tense +==================== + +``SUB`` - plural or 1st/2nd person subject, ``SUB3`` - singular 3rd person +subject, ``V1`` - infinitive form of verb. + +Check `creating V1 + -s/-es form `_ link for more information. + +.. table:: Statement sentence + + +-------------------------+-----+ + || SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ | + || SUB3 :cr:`V1 + -s/-es` | | + +-------------------------+-----+ + +.. table:: Negation sentence + + +--------------------------------+-----+ + || SUB :cg:`do not` :cr:`V1` | OBJ | + || SUB :cg:`don't` :cr:`V1` | | + || SUB3 :cg:`does not` :cr:`V1` | | + || SUB3 :cg:`doesn't` :cr:`V1` | | + +--------------------------------+-----+ + +.. table:: Question sentence + + +----------------------------+------+ + || :cg:`Do` SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ? | + || :cg:`Does` SUB3 :cr:`V1` | | + +----------------------------+------+ + +Present Simple Tense for be +============================ + +.. table:: Statement sentence + + +-----------------+-----+ + || I :cg:`am` | OBJ | + || :cg:`I'm` | | + +-----------------+ | + || You :cg:`are` | | + || :cg:`You're` | | + || We :cg:`are` | | + || :cg:`We're` | | + || They :cg:`are` | | + || :cg:`They're` | | + +-----------------+ | + || He :cg:`is` | | + || :cg:`He's` | | + || She :cg:`is` | | + || :cg:`She's` | | + || It :cg:`is` | | + || :cg:`It's` | | + +-----------------+-----+ + +.. table:: Negation sentence + + +---------------------+-----+ + || I :cg:`am not` | OBJ | + || :cg:`I'm not` | | + +---------------------+ | + || You :cg:`are not` | | + || You :cg:`aren't` | | + || :cg:`You're not` | | + || We :cg:`are not` | | + || We :cg:`aren't` | | + || :cg:`We're not` | | + || They :cg:`are not` | | + || They :cg:`aren't` | | + || :cg:`They're not` | | + +---------------------+ | + || He :cg:`is not` | | + || He :cg:`isn't` | | + || :cg:`He's not` | | + || She :cg:`is not` | | + || She :cg:`isn't` | | + || :cg:`She's not` | | + || It :cg:`is not` | | + || It :cg:`isn't` | | + || :cg:`It's not` | | + +---------------------+-----+ + +.. table:: Question sentence. + + +------------+--------+-------+ + || :cg:`Am` || I || OBJ? | + +------------+--------+ | + || :cg:`Are` || we | | + | || you | | + | || they | | + +------------+--------+ | + || :cg:`Is` || he | | + | || she | | + | || it | | + +------------+--------+-------+ + +Present Simple Tense for have +============================= + +.. table:: Statement sentence + + +------------------+------+ + || I :cg:`have` || OBJ | + || :cg:`I've` || OBJ | + || You :cg:`have` | | + || :cg:`You've` | | + || We :cg:`have` | | + || :cg:`We've` | | + || They :cg:`have` | | + || :cg:`They've` | | + +------------------+------+ + || He :cg:`has` | | + || :cg:`He's` | | + || She :cg:`has` | | + || :cg:`She's` | | + || It :cg:`has` | | + || :cg:`It's` | | + +------------------+------+ + +.. table:: Negation sentence + + +---------------------+------+ + || I :cg:`have no` || OBJ | + || :cg:`I've no` | | + || You :cg:`have no` | | + || :cg:`You've no` | | + || We :cg:`have no` | | + || :cg:`We've no` | | + || They :cg:`have no` | | + || :cg:`They've no` | | + +---------------------+------+ + || He :cg:`has no` | | + || :cg:`He's no` | | + || She :cg:`has no` | | + || :cg:`She's no` | | + || It :cg:`has no` | | + || :cg:`It's no` | | + +---------------------+------+ + +.. table:: Question sentence + + +-------------+-------+-------+ + || :cg:`Have` || I || OBJ? | + || || you | | + || || we | | + || || they | | + +-------------+-------+ | + || :cg:`Has` || he | | + || || she | | + || || it | | + +-------------+-------+-------+ + +Past simple tense +================= + +``SUB`` - subject, ``V2`` - past form of verb. + +.. table:: Statement sentence + + +-------------------+ + || SUB :cr:`V2` OBJ | + +-------------------+ + +.. table:: Negation sentence + + +------+----------------+--------------+ + || SUB || :cg:`did not` | :cr:`V1` OBJ | + || || :cg:`did't` | | + +------+----------------+--------------+ + +.. table:: Question sentence + + +-------------------------+------+ + || :cg:`Did` SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ? | + +-------------------------+------+ + +Imperative mood +=============== + +``V1`` - infinitive form of verb, ``OBJ`` - object, ``ADV`` - adverb. + +.. table:: imperative mood + + +-------------------+ + || :cr:`V1` OBJ | + || :cr:`V1` OBJ ADV | + +-------------------+ + +.. line-block:: + + Get this! + Bring him immediately! + Do that right now!