# HG changeset patch
# User Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
# Date 1341914453 -10800
# Node ID bb66c099afead6abc7401e49ecbce0ce82b17615
# Parent  2a4f2e92bfb70abc4a51c98f282be8f32e420382# Parent  fb54f97a9c380d40b7426d22b237a8860a4d9a4e
Import en-punctuation and en-phonetic from my `tips` project.

diff -r 2a4f2e92bfb7 -r bb66c099afea en-punctuation_en.rst
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/en-punctuation_en.rst	Tue Jul 10 13:00:53 2012 +0300
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+                          English Punctuation Guide.
+
+* Punctuation symbol.
+
+  !  exclamation mark
+  "" single quotation marks
+  '' double quotation marks
+  '  apostrophe
+  ,  comma
+  -  hyphen
+  .  full stop (period USA)
+  :  colon
+  ;  semi colon
+  ?  question mark
+  ... ellipsis
+
+* General rules.
+
+ * Put end-of-sentence punctuation inside quotation marks.
+ * Put commas and other sentence punctuation outside of parentheses.
+ * Put a comma (plus a space) before and, but, or, and nor when they join two
+   sentences.
+ * The semicolon (;) is not used widely in English and probably should be
+   avoided by non-native writers.
+ * Names of newspapers, books, movies, ships, magazines, journals, and poems
+   are usually italicized  or underlined.
+
+** Capital letter.
+
+ 1 A capital is used for the first letter of a new sentence, of quoted speech
+   or proper nouns.
+ 2 The first letter of a sentence does not need to be capitalized if it is
+   included in parenthesis within another sentence.
+ 3 A capital letter is always used for the first person singular subjective
+   personal pronoun I.
+ 4 A capital is used for the first letter of key words in headings and titles.
+   If such titles are hyphenated then both components are given capitalized
+   first letters.
+ 5 A capital is used for the first letter of key words in historical events.
+ 6 A capital is used for the first letter of religions and many other
+   religious words.
+ 7 A capital is used for the first letter of names of months and days of the
+   week, but not of seasons.
+ 8 Holidays should also be capitalized.
+
+Example:
+
+  [3] My boss and I agreed that I should make up for the time I  had lost.
+  [4] The Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries
+  [4] The Centers for Disease Control
+  [4] Vice-President Dick Cheney
+  [5] The Battle of Waterloo
+  [5] The Great Fire of London
+  [6] Devout Christians do daily Bible study.
+  [7] After a long, hot summer she married him on a sultry Saturday in September.
+  [8] January 1 is New Year's Day.
+
+** Spaces.
+
+ * Put one space after punctuation.
+ * Put no spaces before punctuation, but always put a space between words.
+ * Put no spaces after periods inside abbreviations.
+ * Put no space before or after an apostrophe.
+ * Put no space on the "inside" of quotation marks (often called "quotes").
+ * Put no space on the "inside" of parentheses.
+
+Some old rules:
+
+ * Put two spaces after colons and between sentences.
+
+
+* Exclamation mark, '!'.
+
+ * Exclamation marks act as a full stop.
+ * An exclamation mark is most often used to show shock, surprise, horror or
+   pleasure.
+ * No space is needed before an exclamation mark, at least one space after one
+   (two spaces for purists).
+
+Example:
+
+  Oh! Wow! Brilliant!
+  It was shocking!
+
+* Apostrophe, "'".
+
+ * Apostrophes next to the letter ('s) indicate possession or belonging.
+ * They are also used to show missing letters in shortened words, especially in
+   informal writing.
+ * No space is needed before or after the apostrophe.
+
+Example:
+
+  This is Lynne's web site.
+  It's a nice day today, isn't it? I've got an idea. Let's go out.
+
+* Comma, ','.
+
+ 1 Separate items in long lists.
+ 2 Commas point out brief pauses in a complex sentence or a long prepositional
+   phrase.
+ 3 Comma is included before the conjunction 'and' which comes
+   before the final element of a list (for purists).
+ 4 Introduce a direct quote.
+ 5 Separate appositives (a noun, or noun phrase) or non-defining relative
+   clauses.
+ 6 Use a comma if your subject has two or more adjectives describing it.
+ * You do not put a space before a comma, but you do need a space after one.
+ ? We don't usually put a comma before the word 'and'.
+
+Example:
+
+  [1] There were a lot of people in the room, teachers, students and parents.
+  [2] The teachers were sitting, the students were listening and the parents
+  were just worrying.
+  [2] Although he wanted to come, he wasn't able to attend the course.
+  [3] I like reading, listening to music, and visiting with my friends.
+  [4] The boy said, "My father is often away during the week on business trips."
+  [4] His doctor replied, "If you don't stop smoking, you run the risk of a
+  heart attack."
+  [5] Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, comes from Seattle.
+  [5] My only sister, who is a fantastic tennis player, is in great shape.
+  [6] The powerful, resonating sound caught our attention.
+
+* Colon, ':'.
+
+ 1 Colons precede a list, an explanation or an example.
+ 2 The colon is used to separate two main clauses where the first is an
+ introduction to the second.
+ 3 To introduce a direct quote (a comma can also be used in this situation).
+ * You do not put a space before a colon, but you do need a space after one.
+
+Example:
+
+  [1] There are two main shopping areas in Nottingham: Broadmarsh Centre and
+  Victoria Centre.
+  [2] The pilot had an awful realization: he had forgotten to turn off the gas
+  at breakfast time.
+  [3] He announced to his friends: "I'm getting married!"
+
+* Full stop (period), '.'.
+
+ 1 Full stops (periods in the USA) go at the end of sentences that are
+   statements.
+ 2 They are also used to mark abbreviations. If such an abbreviation occurs at
+   the very end of a sentence, the final dot is not usually written twice.
+ * You do not put a space before a full stop, but you do need at least one
+   space after one (two spaces for purists).
+
+Example:
+
+  [1] My name is Lynn. I am a teacher.
+  [2] An overhead projector is often referred to as an O.H.P.
+
+* Hyphen, '-'.
+
+ * Hyphens are used to connect words or syllables, or to divide words into
+   parts.
+ * You don't use a space on either side of a hyphen.
+
+Example:
+
+  There were ninety-nine red balloons.
+
+* Question mark, '?'.
+
+ 1 Question marks go at the end of sentences that are questions.
+ 2 You need a question mark at the end of tag questions.
+ * For quotes within quotes, use single quotes.
+ * You do not put a space before a question mark, but you do need at least one
+   space after one (two spaces for purists).
+
+For example:
+
+  [1] Is my name Lynn? Of course it is.
+  [2] It's a nice day, isn't it?
+
+* Semicolon, ';'.
+
+ 1 Semicolons are used to separate two sentences that would otherwise be
+   joined with a word such as 'and', 'because', 'since', 'unless' or 'while'.
+ 2 To separate groups of words that are themselves separated by commas.
+ * You do not put a space before a semicolon, but you do need a space after one.
+
+Example:
+
+  [1] I'm looking forward to our next lesson; I'm sure it will be a lot of fun.
+  [2] They plan to study German, for their travels; chemistry, for their work;
+  and literature, for their own enjoyment.
+
+
+* Quotation mark (speech mark), '""', "''".
+
+Double quotes '""', single quotes "''".
+
+ * Quotation marks (single or double) are used to show words that are directly
+   spoken (direct speech).
+ * Only the words actually being quoted are enclosed by speech marks.
+ * You need a space before the opening speech mark, but no space after it, and
+   a space after the closing one, but no space before it.
+ * Another general rule is to use a comma after the introduction to quoted
+   speech or writing.
+ * Sometimes when writing a spoken sentence it is split in two. The speech
+   marks must then be placed at the beginning and end of each part of the
+   sentence. Commas are used to separate the spoken part from the rest of the
+   sentence.
+ * If you need a question mark or exclamation mark the markers that punctuate
+   the quoted words are enclosed by the speech marks.
+
+Example:
+
+  "Could everyone sit down please," said the teacher.
+  Jaime said, "I love you."
+  "I wonder," she said quietly, "whether people will ever truly understand each other."
+  "I don't understand," replied Nathan.    "Do you understand?" asked Nathan.   "I don't understand!" shouted Nathan.
+  Nathan replied, "I don't understand."    Nathan asked, "Do you understand?"   Nathan shouted, "I don't understand!"
+  He wrote in 1946 that, "The key word in digital computer is 'digital'."
+
+* Ellipsis, '...'.
+
+ 1 Ellipsis used to show that something has been omitted, indicate missing
+   words in an incomplete quotation.
+
+Example:
+
+  [1] Chomsky suggested that, "Language is a system that...can be described in
+  an algebraic notation."
+
+* Dash, '-', '--'.
+
+ 1 The dash should be used when making a brief interruption within a
+   statement, a sudden change of thought, an additional comment, or a dramatic
+   qualification.
+
+* Parentheses '()'.
+
+ 1 Use parentheses to clarify, to place an afterthought, or to add a personal
+   comment. Be sure to include the period after the closing parenthesis.
+
+Example:
+
+  [1] Steve Case (AOL's former CEO) resigned from the Time-Warner board of
+  directors in 2005.
+  [1] You will need a flashlight for the camping trip (don't forget the
+  batteries!).
+  [1] Most grammarians believe that parentheses and commas are always
+  interchangeable (I disagree).
+
+* Brackets '[]'.
+
+ 1 Use brackets to signify an editor's note in a regular piece of writing. You
+   can also use brackets to clarify or to revise a direct quote so that it
+   appeals to your own writing.
+ 2 The first brackets are rounded, and brackets inside brackets are squared.
+
+Example:
+
+  [1] "[The blast] was absolutely devastating," said Susan Smith.
+
+* Slash '/'.
+
+ 1 Use the slash to separate "and" and "or", when appropriate.
+ 2 The slash can replace the word "and" to join two nouns.
+ 3 The slash is used when quoting lyrics and poetry to denote a line break. Be
+ sure to add spaces between your slashes here.
+
+Example:
+
+  [1] To register, you will need your driver's license and/or your birth
+  certificate."
+  [2] The student/part-time employee has very little free time.
+  [3] "Row, row, row your boat / gently down the stream / life is but a dream."
+
diff -r 2a4f2e92bfb7 -r bb66c099afea en-spelling_ru.rst
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/en-spelling_ru.rst	Tue Jul 10 13:00:53 2012 +0300
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+===================
+ English spelling.
+===================
+
+About.
+======
+
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_orthography
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English_dialects
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English
+
+Деление на слоги (syllable).
+============================
+
+В слове число слогов равно числу гласных звуков::
+
+  ba-by, pis-ton
+
+Если на границе слогораздела одна согласная, то она отходит ко второму
+слогу::
+
+  e-ven, o-pen, i-tem
+
+Если на границе слогораздела более одной согласной, то только первая
+согласная относится к первому слогу::
+
+  hus-band, pen-cil, mem-ber, sym-ptom
+
+Слог образуют сочетания согласных с ``l`` и ``r``, если за ними следует
+конечное нечитаемое "e"::
+
+  ta-ble, a-ble, cy-cle, a-cre
+
+Типы слогов.
+============
+
+Открытый слог (open syllable).
+------------------------------
+
+Заканчивается на гласную::
+
+  ba-by
+
+Слог, который стоит перед ND / LD, считается открытым::
+
+
+Закрытый слог (closed syllable).
+--------------------------------
+
+Заканчивается на согласную, кроме "r"::
+
+  sys-tem
+
+Ударный слог (stressed syllable).
+---------------------------------
+
+Обычно первый слог::
+
+  pi-lot [ˈpaɪlot], paper [ˈpeɪpə]
+
+В производных словах смещение ударения как правило не происходит::
+
+  nature/natural [ˈneɪʧə/ˈnæʧrəl]
+  mark/remark [mɑːk/rɪˈmɑːk]
+  press/impress [pres/ɪmˈpres]
+
+Неударный слог (unstressed syllable).
+-------------------------------------
+
+* Буква "e" в конце слова не читается.
+life [laɪf], table [teɪbl], dandle [dændl]
+
+* "a" в открытом ударном слоге  - [eɪ].
+  na-me [neɪm], la-ter [ˈlaɪtə]
+  !!! have [hæv], many [ˈmenɪ], family [ˈfæemɪlɪ]
+* "a" перед "nge" - [eɪ].
+  range [reɪndʒ], danger [deɪndʒə]
+* "ai" в ударном положении - [eɪ].
+  main [meɪn], traine [treɪn], raise [reɪz]
+  !!! said [sed]
+* "ay" в ударном положении - [eɪ].
+  may [meɪ], pay [peɪ], stay [meɪ]
+* "a" в закрытом ударном слоге - [æ].
+  cat [cæt], lat-ter [ˈlætə], fan-cy [ˈfænsɪ]
+* "ar" - [ɑː].
+  car [cɑː], arm [ɑːm], park [pɑːk]
+* "a" в сочетании "ass" - [ɑː].
+  glass [ɡlɑːs], pass [pɑːs], class [klɑːs]
+  !!! mass [mæs]
+* "a" в сочетании "ast" - [ɑː].
+  fast [fɑːst], mast [mɑːst], cast [cɑːst]
+  !!! tasty [ˈteɪstɪ]
+* "a" в сочетании "ant" - [ɑː].
+  grant [ɡrɑːnt], plant [plɑːnt], slant [slɑːnt]
+* "a" в сочетании "anch" - [ɑː].
+  branch [brɑːnʧ]
+* "a" в сочетании "alf" - [ɑː].
+  half [hɑːlf], calf [kɑːlf]
+* "a" в сочетании "ask" - [ɑː].
+  ask [ɑːsk], task [tɑːsk], mask [mɑːsk]
+* "a" в сочетании "ath" - [ɑː].
+  father [ˈfɑːθə], bath [bɑːθ]
+  !!! gather [ˈɡæðə]
+* "a" в сочетании "ance" - [ɑː].
+  chance [ʧɑːns], advance [ədˈvɑːns]
+* "a" в сочетании "aft" - [ɑː].
+  shaft [ʃɑːft], after [ˈɑːftə], craft [krɑːft], draft [drɑːft]
+* "air" - [ɛə].
+  stair [stɛə], hair [hɛə], affair [əˈfɛə]
+* "are" - [ɛə].
+  care [kɛə], fare [fɛə], scare [skɛə]
+* "a" перед "ll" или "l"+согласная - [ɔː].
+  ball [bɔːl], chalk [ʧɔːk], install [ɪnˈstɔːl], almost [ɔːlməust]
+* "au" - [ɔː].
+  launch [lɔːnʧ]
+  !!! aunt [ɑːnt]
+* "aw" - [ɔː].
+  saw [sɔː],
+* "aught" - [ɔːt].
+  naught [nɔːt]
+* "auth" - [ɔːθ].
+  author [ˈɔːθə]
+* "ar" после "w" или "qu" - [ɔː].
+  war [wɔː], warm [wɔːm], quartz [kwɔːts]
+* "a" в закрытом слоге после "w" или "wh" - [ɔ].
+  want [wɔt], wash [waʃ], what [wɔt]
+* "a" в неударном положении - [ə].
+  data [ˈdeɪtə], agenda [əˈdʒendə]
+* "ai", "ay" в неударном положении - [ɪ].
+  captain [ˈkæptɪn], Monday [ˈmʌndɪ]
+* "age" в неударном положении - [ɪdʒ].
+  marriage [ˈmærɪdʒ], sausage ['sɔsɪdʒ]
+
+* "e" в открытом ударном слоге - [iː].
+  he [hiː], le-gal [ˈliːɡəl]
+* "ea" - [iː].
+  mean [miːn], seat [siːt], speak [spiːk]
+  !!! great [ɡreɪt], bread [bred], head [hed]
+* "ee" - [iː].
+  keen [kiːn], feel [fiːl], see [siː]
+* "e" в закрытом ударном слоге - [e].
+  bed [bed], letter [ˈletə], nest [nest]
+* "ea" перед "d", "n", "th", "sure" - [e].
+  bread [bred], ready [ˈredɪ], weather [ˈweθə], pleasure [ˈpleʒə], measure [ˈmeʒə], meant [ment]
+* "er" в ударном слоге - [əː].
+  her [həː], term [təːm], serve [səːv], permanent [ˈpəːmənənt]
+* "ear" + согласная - [əː].
+  heard [həːd], learn [ləːn], earth [əːθ]
+* "ear" - [ɪə].
+  near [nɪə], fear [fɪə], clear [klɪə]
+* "eer" - [ɪə].
+  engineer [ˌendʒɪˈnɪə], cheer [ʧɪə]
+* "ere" - [ɪə].
+  mere [mɪə], here [hɪə], sphere [sfɪə]
+  !!! there [θɛə], where [wɛə], were [wəː]
+* "e" в закрытом неударном слоге - [ə].
+  sentence - [ˈsentəns]
+* "er" в неударном положении - [ə].
+  member [ˈmembə], answer [ˈɑːnsə], maker [ˈmeɪkə], perhaps [pəˈhæps]
+* "e" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ].
+  event [ɪˈvent], effect [ɪˈfect], elect [iˈlekt]
+* "er" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ].
+  regret [rɪˈɡret], repair [rɪˈpɛə], remain [rɪˈmeɪn]
+* "et" в конце слова - [ɪt].
+  market [ˈmɑːkɪt], planet [ˈplænɪt], genet [ˈdʒenɪt], cutlet [ˈcʌltɪd]
+* "ei" в неударном слоге - [ɪ].
+  foreign [ˈfɔrɪn]
+* "ey" - [ɪ].
+  hockey [ˈhɔkɪ], money [ˈmʌnɪ]
+* "ew" - [juː].
+  new [njuː], few [fjuː]
+* "ew" после звуков [r, l, dʒ] - [uː].
+  crew [kruː], grew [gruː]
+* "eu" - [juː].
+  deuce [djuːs]
+* "ei" в ударном слоге - [eɪ].
+  vein [veɪn], freight [freɪt], eight [eɪt]
+* "ey" в ударном слоге - [eɪ].
+  they [θeɪ]
+
+* "i" в открытом ударном слоге - [aɪ].
+  fi-ve [faɪv], li-ner [ˈlaɪnə],  pi-lot [ˈpaɪlət], time [taɪm]
+  !!! machine [məʃiːn], cinema [ˈsɪnimə], live [lɪv], give [ɡɪv]
+* "i" перед "nd" - [aɪ].
+  kind [kaɪnd], find [faɪnd].
+  !!! wind [wɪnd]
+* "i" перед "ld" - [aɪ].
+  wild [waɪld], mild [maɪld]
+* "i" перед "gn" - [aɪ].
+  sign [saɪn], design [dɪˈzaɪn]
+* "i" перед "gh" - [aɪ].
+  light [laɪt], sight [saɪt]
+  !!! wind [wɪnd]
+* "ie" на конце односложных слов - [aɪ].
+  die [daɪ], lie [laɪ]
+* "i" в закрытом ударном слоге - [i].
+  pin [pɪn], din-ner [ˈdɪnə], stick [stɪk], since [sɪns]
+* "i" в неударном положении - [i].
+  immense [ɪˈmens], imagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn]
+* "ir" в ударном положении - [əː].
+  first [fəːst], girl [ɡəːl], third [θəːd]
+* "ire" - [aɪə].
+  fire [faɪə], mire [maɪə], entire [inˈtaɪə]
+* "ia" - [aɪə].
+  diamond [daɪəmənd], dialogue [ˈdaɪəlɔɡ]
+* "io" - [aɪə].
+  prior [praɪə], pioneer [ˌpaɪəˈniə], violate [ˈvaɪəleɪt]
+* "ie" в середине корневых слов - [iː].
+  field [fiːld], brief [briːf], grieve [ɡriːv]
+  !!! friend [frend]
+
+* "o" в открытом ударном слоге - [ou].
+  no [nou], ro-se [rouz], so-fa [ˈsoufə]
+  !!! do [duː], does [dʌz]
+* "old" - [oul].
+  cold [could]
+* "ol" - [oul].
+  control [kəntroul]
+* "oll" - [oul].
+  roll [roul]
+* "oa" - [ou].
+  road [roud], boat [bout], load [loud], loan [loun], oak [ouk]
+* "ow" в конце слов - [ou].
+  know [nou], window [ˈwindou], low [lou]
+  !!! now [nau], how [hau], cow [kau]
+* "o" перед "st" - [ou].
+  post [poust], most [moust]
+  !!! cost [kɔst], lost [lɔst], frost [frɔst]
+* "o" в закрытом ударном слоге - [ɔ].
+  on [ɔn], clock [clɔk], ob-ject [ɔbdʒɪkt], stop [stɔp], not [nɔt], got [ɡɔt]
+* "ou" в середине слова - [au].
+  town [taun], brown [braun], found [faund], pound [paud], sound [saund]
+  !!! enough [ɪˈnʌf], country [ˈkʌntrɪ], trouble [trʌbl], touch [tʌʧ], young [jʌŋ], bowl [boul]
+* "or" в ударном положении - [ɔː].
+  fork [fɔːk], short [ʃɔːt], sport [spɔːt], port [pɔːt]
+* "oor" - [ɔː].
+  floor [flɔː], door [dɔː]
+  !!! pore [puə]
+* "ore" - [ɔː].
+  more [mɔː], core [cɔː], bore [bɔː], ore [ɔː], before [bɪˈfɔː]
+* "oar" - [ɔː].
+  board [bɔːd]
+* "our" в середине слова - [ɔː].
+  mourn [mɔːn], source [sɔːs]
+  !!! courage [ˈcʌridʒ]
+* "our" под ударением - [auə].
+  our [auə], hour [hauə], sour [sauə]
+* "or" в неударном положении - [ə].
+  visitor [ˈvɪzɪtə], doctor [ˈdɔktə], operator [ˈɔpəreɪtə]
+* "our" на конце слов - [ə].
+  labour [ˈleɪbə], vapour [ˈveɪpə]
+* "oi" - [ɔɪ].
+  voice [vɔɪs], coil [cɔɪl], toil [tɔɪl], oil [ɔɪl], noise [nɔɪz]
+* "oy" - [ɔɪ].
+  alloy [ˈælɔɪ], boy [bɔɪ], toy [tɔɪ]
+* "oo" - [uː].
+  food [fuːd], root [ruːt], noon [nuːn], too [tuː], moon [muːn], pool [puːl], doom [duːm]
+  !!! good [ɡud], wood [wud], foot [fut], blood [blʌd], flood [flʌd]
+* "oo" перед "k" - [u].
+  book [buk], look [luk], took [tuk], hook [huk]
+* "ous" на конце слов - [əs].
+  various [ˈvɛərɪəs], tremendous [trɪˈmendəs]
+* "oth" под ударением - [ʌθ].
+  mother [ˈmʌθə], other [ˈʌθə], brother [ˈbrʌθə], another [əˈnʌθə]
+  !!! both [bouθ]
+* "on" под ударением - [ʌn].
+  month [mʌnθ], son [sʌn], front [frʌnt], London [ˈlʌndən]
+  !!! on [ɔn]
+* "om" под ударением - [ʌm].
+  come [kʌm], some [sʌm]
+* "ov" под ударением - [ʌv].
+  cover [ˈkʌvə], oven [ˈʌvn]
+
+* "u" в открытом ударном слоге - [juː].
+  pu-pil [pjuːpl], stu-dent [ˈstjuːdənt], use [juːz]
+* "u" в закрытом ударном слоге - [ʌ].
+  num-ber [ˈnʌmbə], un-cle [ʌŋkl], bus [bʌs]
+  !!! put [put], push [puʃ], pull [pul], full [ful], bush [buʃ]
+* "ue" после "l", "r", "j" - [uː].
+  blue [bluː], true [truː]
+* "ui" после "l", "r", "j" - [uː].
+  cruise [kruːz], juice [dʒuːs], fruit [fruːt]
+* "u" в неударном положении - [ə].
+  upon [əˈpɔn], supply [səpˈlaɪ], suspend [səsˈpend], difficult [ˈdɪfɪcəlt]
+  !!! mercury [ˈməːkjuːrɪ]
+* "ur" в ударном слоге - [əː].
+  curtain [kəːtn], turn [təːn], curve [cəːv], surface [ˈsəːfɪs]
+* "u" перед "r" + гласная - [juə].
+  pure [pjuə], cure [kjuə], curious [ˈkjuərɪəs]
+  !!! sure [ʃuə]
+
+* "y" в открытом ударном слоге - [aɪ].
+  my [maɪ], try [traɪ], ty-pist [ˈtaɪpɪst], cycle [saɪkl]
+* "y" в закрытом ударном слоге - [ɪ].
+  sym-bol [ˈsɪməl], symptom [ˈsɪmptəm]
+* "y" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ].
+  sorry [ˈsɔrɪ], tasty [ˈteɪstɪ], family [ˈfæemɪlɪ], tardy [ˈtɑːdɪ]
+* "y" в начале слов перед гласными - [j].
+  yet [jet], yard [jɑːd], year [jəː]
+* "yr" + гласная - [aɪə].
+  tyre [taɪə], tyrant [taɪərənt], gyroplane [dzaɪrəpleɪn]
+* "yr" + согласная - [əː].
+  myrtle [məːtl]
+
+* "alk" - [ɔːk].
+  chalk [ʧɔːk], talk [tɔːk], walk [wɔːk]
+* "aught" - [ɔːt].
+  XXX
+* "bt" - [t].
+  debt [det], doubt [daut]
+* "c" обычно - [k].
+  cap [kæp], come [kʌm], cup [kʌp]
+* "c" перед буквами "e", "i", "y" - [s].
+  cent [sent], face [feɪs], city [ˈsɪtɪ]
+* "ch" - [ʧ].
+  child [ʧaɪld], chalk [ʧɔːk], chain [ʧeɪn], chess [ʧes]
+* "cial" - [ʃ(ə)l].
+  special [ˈspeʃ(ə)l], commercial [kəˈməːʃ(ə)l]
+* "cient" - [ʃ(ə)nt].
+  efficient [ɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nt]
+* "ck" - [k].
+  black [blæk], clock [klɔk], thick [θɪk].
+* "g" обычно - [g].
+  game [ɡeɪm], glad [ɡlæd], go [ɡəu]
+* "g" перед буквами "e", "i", "y" - [dʒ].
+  gypsy [ˈdʒɪpsɪ], gem [dʒem]
+* "gn" - [n].
+  sign [saɪn], gnome [nəum]
+* "gm" - [m].
+  paradigm ['pærədaɪm]
+* "gh" не читается.
+  though [ðou], through [θruː]
+  !!! enough [ɪˈnʌf], laugh [lɑːf]
+* "ght" - [t].
+  might [maɪt], fight [faɪt]
+* "igh" - [aɪ].
+  high [haɪ], fight [faɪt]
+* "ild" - [aɪld].
+  child [ʧaɪld], wild [waɪld]
+* "imb" - [aɪm].
+  climb - [klaɪm]
+* "ince" - [aɪns].
+  XXX
+* "ind" - [aɪnd].
+  mind [maɪnd], find [faɪnd], kind [kaɪnd]
+* "ing" - [iŋ].
+  signing [ˈsaɪniŋ], running [ˈrʌnɪŋ]
+* "ink" - [iŋk].
+  think [θɪŋk], link [lɪŋk]
+* "j" - [dʒ].
+  jump [dʒʌmp]
+* "kn" в начале слова - [n].
+  know [kəu], knot [nɔt]
+* "lf" - [f].
+  calf [kɑːf], half [hɑːf]
+  !!! gulf [ɡʌlf]
+* "lm" - [m].
+  balm [bɑːm], calm [kɑːm], holm [həum], palm [pɑːm]
+* "mb" - [m].
+  climb [klaɪm], limb [laɪm], comb [koum]
+* "mn" на конце слова - [m].
+  autumn [ˈɔːtəm], damn [dæm], hymn [hɪm]
+* "ness" в неударном положении - [nɪs].
+  emptiness - [ˈemptɪnɪs]
+* "ng" - [ŋ].
+  long [lɔŋ], song [sɔŋ], string [strɪŋ]
+* "ng" и "g" относится к разным слогам - [ŋɡ].
+  angry [ˈæŋɡrɪ], English [ˈɪŋɡliʃ]
+* "nk" - [ŋk].
+  ink [ɪŋk], think [θɪŋk]
+* "ough" без последующего "t" - [uː].
+  XXX
+* "ought" - [ɔːt].
+  brought [brɔːt], thought [θɔːt], fought [fɔːt]
+* "ould" - [ud].
+  could [kud], should [shud], would [wud]
+* "ph" - [f].
+  photo [ˈfoutou], sphere [sfɪə], phrase [freɪz]
+* "pn" - [n].
+  pneumonia [njuːˈmənjə]
+* "pt" - [t].
+  receipt [rɪˈsɪːt]
+* "qu" - [kw].
+  quick [kwɪk], question ['kwesʧ(ə)n]
+* "ft" - [f].
+  often [ɔfn]
+* "r" в конце слов если следующее слова начинается с гласной - [r].
+  our own room [auər oun rum]
+* "s" в начале слов - [s].
+  send [send], spend [spend]
+* "s" перед и после глухой согласной - [s].
+  test [test], cups [kʌps]
+* "s" после гласных - [z].
+  as [az], days [deɪz]
+* "s" между гласными - [z].
+  nose [nouz]
+* "s" на конце слов после звонких согласных и гласных - [z].
+  pens [penz], bells [belz]
+* "sh" - [ʃ].
+  she [ʃiː], should [ʃud], sheep [ʃiːp]
+* "sion" после гласной - [ʒn].
+  incision [ɪnˈsɪʒ(ə)n]
+* "sion" после согласной - [ʃn].
+  pension [penʃn]
+* "sl" - [l].
+  aisle [aɪl], island [ˈaɪlənd]
+* "ss" - [s].
+  chess [ʧes], Bess [bes], dress [dres]
+* "st" - [s].
+  castle [kaːsl], listen [lɪsn], whistle [wɪsl]
+* "ssion" - [ʃ(ə)n].
+  commission [kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n], progression [prəuˈɡreʃ(ə)n]
+* "ssure" - [ʃə].
+  XXX
+* "stion" - [sʧn].
+  question [qwesʧn]
+* "sure" -[ʒə].
+  measure [ˈmeʒə], pleasure [ˈplezhə]
+* "tch" - [ʧ].
+  watch [wɔʧ], pitch [pɪʧ]
+* "tion" - [ʃ(ə)n].
+  communication [kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n], station [steɪʃ(ə)n], nation [neɪʃn]
+* "th" в начале и в конце знаменательных слов - [θ].
+  thin [θin], thick [θik], bath [bɑːθ]
+* "th" в служебных словах, наречиях, местоимениях - [ð].
+  the [ðə], with [wið], though [ðou], then [ðen], this [ðis], that [ðæt]
+* "th" между двумя гласными - [ð].
+  bathe [beið], clothe [klouð]
+* "ture" - [ʧə].
+  picture [ˈpɪkʧə], lecture [ˈlekʧə], culture [ˈcʌlʧə]
+* "x" - [ks].
+  six [sɪks]
+* "wa" - [wɔ].
+  want [wɔnt], wash [wɔʃ]
+* "wh" перед гласными кроме "o" - [w].
+  while [waɪl], whack [wæk]
+* "wh" перед "o" - [h].
+  who [huː], whom [huːm], whose [huːz]
+* "wha" - [wɔ].
+  what [wɔt]
+* "wor" в ударном положении - [wəː].
+  worse [wəːs], world [wəːld], work [wəːk], worm [wəːm]
+  !!! worn [wɔːn]
+* "wr" - [r].
+  write [raɪt], wrong [rɔŋ]
+* "xh" - [ks].
+  exhibition [ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn]