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* CAT.

Computer-assisted translation, computer-aided translation, or CAT is a form of
translation wherein a human translator translates texts using computer
software designed to support and facilitate the translation process.

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_assisted_translation

* TMX.

TMX (Translation Memory eXchange) is an open XML standard for the exchange of
translation memory data created by computer-aided translation and localization
tools.

  http://www.lisa.org/standards/tmx/
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_Memory_eXchange

* Translation memory.

A translation memory, or TM, is a database that stores segments that have been
previously translated. A translation-memory system stores the words, phrases
and paragraphs that have already been translated and aid human translators.
The translation memory stores the source text and its corresponding
translation in language pairs called "translation units".

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_memory

* pootle

Pootle is a user-friendly web portal that makes the translation process so
much simpler. It allows online translation, work assignment, gives statistics
and allows easy volunteer contribution.

  http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/pootle/index