www/IPA.rst
author Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
Mon, 15 Apr 2019 16:57:19 +0300
changeset 1135 093406f1522d
parent 525 7e662ba602d0
permissions -rw-r--r--
Added new articles.
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
243
deede3c3386f Add coding to RST files.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 242
diff changeset
     1
.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
206
407f2a82ef26 Include common header for quick links. Exclude unnecessary .html files from build.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 109
diff changeset
     2
242
8deb7f09622a Move IPA related info to separate file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 233
diff changeset
     3
================
8deb7f09622a Move IPA related info to separate file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 233
diff changeset
     4
 IPA in gadict.
8deb7f09622a Move IPA related info to separate file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 233
diff changeset
     5
================
69
580cc720c496 Fix RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 46
diff changeset
     6
.. contents::
301
1439e072640a Remove CSS hack that suppress displaying document name in TOC by
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 297
diff changeset
     7
   :local:
43
b75220c0eef6 Register gadict dictionaries for dictd under Debian.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
     8
250
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
     9
Pronunciation rules for English.
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    10
================================
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    11
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    12
In English written symbol represent different sounds::
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    13
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    14
  rough [XXX]
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    15
  through [XXX]
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    16
  bough [XXX]
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    17
  though [XXX]
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    18
  cough [XXX]
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    19
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    20
Many linguists argue that English require spelling reform.
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    21
445
7009c3bc9ea8 Incorporate gadict-dictabbr.dict-c5 into gadict_en-ru+uk.gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
    22
250
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    23
Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
3557a963ce72 Pronunciation rules for English (incomplete).
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 248
diff changeset
    24
=================================
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    25
445
7009c3bc9ea8 Incorporate gadict-dictabbr.dict-c5 into gadict_en-ru+uk.gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
    26
Phonetic transcriptions usually enclosed in square brackets ``[əbaʊt]`` or
7009c3bc9ea8 Incorporate gadict-dictabbr.dict-c5 into gadict_en-ru+uk.gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
    27
slashes ``/əbaʊt/``.
7009c3bc9ea8 Incorporate gadict-dictabbr.dict-c5 into gadict_en-ru+uk.gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
    28
263
f280f9c07ad7 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 250
diff changeset
    29
``gadict`` project try to follow OED 2ed (Oxford English Dictionary)
f280f9c07ad7 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 250
diff changeset
    30
pronunciation for dialect known as RP (Received Pronunciation) and uses IPA for
f280f9c07ad7 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 250
diff changeset
    31
representation of pronunciation like in Wikipedia project:
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    32
263
f280f9c07ad7 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 250
diff changeset
    33
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English
f280f9c07ad7 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 250
diff changeset
    34
                Wikipedia IPA for English.
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    35
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    36
                This concise chart shows the most common applications of the
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    37
                International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent English
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    38
                language pronunciations.
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    39
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    40
                Wiki about RP.
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    41
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oed
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    42
                Oxford English Dictionary.
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    43
263
f280f9c07ad7 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 250
diff changeset
    44
Compare:
f280f9c07ad7 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 250
diff changeset
    45
f280f9c07ad7 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 250
diff changeset
    46
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects
f280f9c07ad7 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 250
diff changeset
    47
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_conventions_for_English
f280f9c07ad7 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 250
diff changeset
    48
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    49
Consonants.
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    50
-----------
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    51
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    52
``[b]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    53
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    54
  bed [bed], bird [bɜːrd], baby [beɪbi]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    55
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    56
``[p]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    57
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    58
  pen [pen], people [piːpəl], hope [həʊp], pop [pɒp]
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    59
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    60
``[d]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    61
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    62
  dead [ded], dust [dʌst], odd [ɒd], did [dɪd]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    63
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    64
``[t]``::
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    65
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    66
  tree [triː], get [ɡet], button [bʌtn], tight [taɪt]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    67
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    68
``[ʧ]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    69
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    70
  chalk [ʧɔːk], teacher [tiːʧər], match [mæʧ], church [ʧɜːrʧ]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    71
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    72
``[f]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    73
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    74
  fat [fæt], flow [fləʊ], fine [faɪn], coffee [kɒfɪ], fluff [flʌf]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    75
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    76
``[v]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    77
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    78
  very [ˈveri], heavy [ˈhevi], move [muːv], verve [vɜːrv]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    79
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    80
``[ɡ]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    81
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    82
  glove [ɡlʌv], give [ɡɪv], bag [bæɡ], gig [ɡɪɡ]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    83
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    84
``[h]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    85
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    86
  hot [hɒt], high [haɪ], hear [hɪə], hello [ˈheləʊ], how [hau]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    87
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    88
``[j]``::
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    89
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    90
  yet [jet], useful [juːsfəl], yellow [jeləʊ], cute [kjuːt]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    91
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    92
``[k]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    93
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    94
  cat [kæt], came [keɪm], lucky [lʌki], sick [sɪk]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    95
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    96
``[l]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
    97
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
    98
  lamp [læmp], bell [bel], level [levəl]
297
b13a6a667e4f More examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 294
diff changeset
    99
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   100
``[m]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   101
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   102
  milk [mɪlk], sum [sʌm]
297
b13a6a667e4f More examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 294
diff changeset
   103
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   104
``[n]``::
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   105
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   106
  note [nəʊt], funny [fʌni], son [sʌn], none [nʌn]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   107
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   108
``[r]``::
297
b13a6a667e4f More examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 294
diff changeset
   109
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   110
  right [raɪt], road [rəʊd], sorry [ˈsɒrɪ]
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   111
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   112
``[s]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   113
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   114
  sofa [səʊfə], hiss [hɪs], cease [siːs]
297
b13a6a667e4f More examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 294
diff changeset
   115
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   116
``[ð]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   117
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   118
  then [ðen], this [ðɪs], that [ðæt], other [ʌðər], both [bəʊð]
297
b13a6a667e4f More examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 294
diff changeset
   119
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   120
``[θ]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   121
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   122
  think [θɪnk], throw [θrəʊ], author [ɔːθər], path [pæθ]
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   123
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   124
``[ʃ]``::
297
b13a6a667e4f More examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 294
diff changeset
   125
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   126
  shoe [ʃuː], nation [neɪʃən], fish [fɪʃ], shush [ʃʊʃ]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   127
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   128
``[ʒ]``::
297
b13a6a667e4f More examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 294
diff changeset
   129
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   130
  pleasure [pleʒə], vision [ˈvɪʒən], beige [beɪʒ]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   131
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   132
``[dʒ]``::
297
b13a6a667e4f More examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 294
diff changeset
   133
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   134
  joke [dʒəʊk], lodger [lɒdʒər], bridge [brɪdʒ], judge [dʒʌdʒ]
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   135
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   136
``[w]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   137
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   138
  wet [wet], one [wʌn], when [wen], quick [kwɪk]
297
b13a6a667e4f More examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 294
diff changeset
   139
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   140
``[z]``::
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   141
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   142
  zinc [zɪŋk], buzz [bʌz], roses [rəʊzəz]
248
a94915e43ca1 Pronunciation keys for gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   143
264
c33bf1b83a40 Fix some pronunciation signs.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 263
diff changeset
   144
Vowels.
c33bf1b83a40 Fix some pronunciation signs.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 263
diff changeset
   145
-------
c33bf1b83a40 Fix some pronunciation signs.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 263
diff changeset
   146
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   147
``[ʌ]``::
268
66cd85b44b60 Small fix.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 267
diff changeset
   148
66cd85b44b60 Small fix.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 267
diff changeset
   149
  son [sʌn], ɡun [ɡʌn]
66cd85b44b60 Small fix.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 267
diff changeset
   150
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   151
``[ɑː]``::
264
c33bf1b83a40 Fix some pronunciation signs.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 263
diff changeset
   152
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   153
  car [kɑːr], father [fɑðər], start [stɑːrt], hard [hɑːrd]
264
c33bf1b83a40 Fix some pronunciation signs.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 263
diff changeset
   154
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   155
``[ɒ]``::
264
c33bf1b83a40 Fix some pronunciation signs.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 263
diff changeset
   156
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   157
  lot [lɒt], hot [hɒt], odd [ɒd], love [lʌv], blood [blʌd]
267
f2a597c447b6 ɔ ==> ɒ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 264
diff changeset
   158
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   159
``[ɔː]``::
268
66cd85b44b60 Small fix.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 267
diff changeset
   160
66cd85b44b60 Small fix.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 267
diff changeset
   161
  fork [fɔːk], or [ɔː], fall [fɔːl]
66cd85b44b60 Small fix.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 267
diff changeset
   162
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   163
``[ʊ]``::
267
f2a597c447b6 ɔ ==> ɒ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 264
diff changeset
   164
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   165
  good [ɡʊd], foot [fʊt], put [pʊt]
264
c33bf1b83a40 Fix some pronunciation signs.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 263
diff changeset
   166
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   167
``[uː]``::
264
c33bf1b83a40 Fix some pronunciation signs.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 263
diff changeset
   168
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   169
  blue [blu:], group [ɡruːp]
269
4ff503eb9bba Replace ɪː by iː.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 268
diff changeset
   170
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   171
``[ɛ]``::
269
4ff503eb9bba Replace ɪː by iː.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 268
diff changeset
   172
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   173
  pen [pɛn], text [tɛxt], pet [pɛt], dress [drɛs], bed [bɛd]
269
4ff503eb9bba Replace ɪː by iː.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 268
diff changeset
   174
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   175
``[ɪ]``::
269
4ff503eb9bba Replace ɪː by iː.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 268
diff changeset
   176
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   177
  pin [pɪn], milk [mɪlk], minit [mɪnɪt], bid [bɪd]
269
4ff503eb9bba Replace ɪː by iː.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 268
diff changeset
   178
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   179
``[iː]``::
269
4ff503eb9bba Replace ɪː by iː.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 268
diff changeset
   180
278
5cf85acf13cb æ and ɛ instead of e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
   181
  tree [triː], see [siː], me [miː], tea [tiː]
269
4ff503eb9bba Replace ɪː by iː.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 268
diff changeset
   182
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   183
``[ɪə]``::
290
b6d2eeca9115 Remove duplication. Fix IPA convention. new words.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 278
diff changeset
   184
b6d2eeca9115 Remove duplication. Fix IPA convention. new words.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 278
diff changeset
   185
  ear [ɪə], dear [dɪə]
b6d2eeca9115 Remove duplication. Fix IPA convention. new words.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 278
diff changeset
   186
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   187
``[ɜr]``::
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   188
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   189
  girl [gɜrl], first [fɜrst], work [wɜrk], learn [lɛrn]
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   190
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   191
``[æ]``::
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   192
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   193
  fat [fæt], happy [hæppɪ], trap [træp]
270
684b5d980542 Unify usage or ɜr diaphonem.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   194
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   195
``[aɪ]``::
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   196
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   197
  high [haɪ], price [praɪs], try [traɪ]
270
684b5d980542 Unify usage or ɜr diaphonem.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   198
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   199
``[eə]``::
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   200
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   201
  where [weə], fair [feə], pair [peə]
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   202
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   203
``[eɪ]``::
278
5cf85acf13cb æ and ɛ instead of e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
   204
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   205
  face [feɪs], break [breɪk], day [deɪ]
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   206
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   207
``[ɔɪ]``::
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   208
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   209
  choice [ʧɔɪs], noise [nɔɪz], boy [bɔɪ]
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   210
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   211
``[əʊ]``::
278
5cf85acf13cb æ and ɛ instead of e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
   212
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   213
  open [əʊpən], colon [kəʊlən], show [ʃəʊ]
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   214
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   215
``[ɪə]``::
278
5cf85acf13cb æ and ɛ instead of e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
   216
525
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   217
  near [nɪə], hear [hɪə]
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   218
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   219
``[ʊə]``::
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   220
7e662ba602d0 Sounds example.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 445
diff changeset
   221
  tour [tʊə], pure [pjʊə], cure [kjʊə]
278
5cf85acf13cb æ and ɛ instead of e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
   222
445
7009c3bc9ea8 Incorporate gadict-dictabbr.dict-c5 into gadict_en-ru+uk.gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   223
List of IPA symbols for English
7009c3bc9ea8 Incorporate gadict-dictabbr.dict-c5 into gadict_en-ru+uk.gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   224
===============================
7009c3bc9ea8 Incorporate gadict-dictabbr.dict-c5 into gadict_en-ru+uk.gadict.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   225
::
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   226
211
3295b34427e7 Remove duplication from list of IPA chars. Make list look better in '.html'.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 206
diff changeset
   227
  θ ð ʃ ŋ ʧ ʒ ı ɡ ː ˌ ˈ ˑ ˏ ˊ ˋ
3295b34427e7 Remove duplication from list of IPA chars. Make list look better in '.html'.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 206
diff changeset
   228
  æ ɑ ɒ ʌ ʊ ɒ ɛ ə ɜ ɔ ɪ є ɚ
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   229
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   230
You can copy/paste they in phonetic string.
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   231
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   232
TODO
242
8deb7f09622a Move IPA related info to separate file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 233
diff changeset
   233
====
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   234
::
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   235
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   236
            Front       Central     Back
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   237
         long  short long  short long  short
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   238
  Close   iː    ɪ                 uː    ʊ
278
5cf85acf13cb æ and ɛ instead of e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
   239
  Mid           ɛ     ɜː    ə     ɔː
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   240
  Open          æ           ʌ     ɑː    ɒ
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   241
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   242
      Diphthong          Triphthong
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   243
  Closing    Centring
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   244
   /eɪ/       /ɪə/        /aɪə/
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   245
   /aɪ/       /eə/        /ɑʊə/
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   246
   /ɔɪ/       /ʊə/
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   247
   /əʊ/
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   248
   /aʊ/
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   249
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   250
Old vs. new transcription.
242
8deb7f09622a Move IPA related info to separate file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 233
diff changeset
   251
==========================
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   252
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   253
From "Better English pronunciation."::
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   254
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   255
  Old  iː i e ɔː u uː ei ou ai au ɔi æ ɔ ʌ əː ɑː iə ɛə uə ə
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   256
  New  iː ɪ e ɔː ʊ uː eɪ əʊ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ æ ɒ ʌ ɜː ɑː ɪə eə ʊə ə
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   257
278
5cf85acf13cb æ and ɛ instead of e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 270
diff changeset
   258
Also from Wikipedia::
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   259
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   260
  Old  æ e əː ʌɪ ɑʊ ɛə
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   261
  New  a ɛ ɜː aɪ aʊ eə
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   262