author | Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com> |
Mon, 15 Apr 2019 16:57:19 +0300 | |
changeset 1135 | 093406f1522d |
parent 525 | 7e662ba602d0 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*- |
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Include common header for quick links. Exclude unnecessary .html files from build.
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================ |
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IPA in gadict. |
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================ |
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.. contents:: |
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:local: |
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Pronunciation rules for English. |
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================================ |
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In English written symbol represent different sounds:: |
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rough [XXX] |
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through [XXX] |
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bough [XXX] |
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though [XXX] |
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cough [XXX] |
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Many linguists argue that English require spelling reform. |
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Pronunciation keys for EN gadict. |
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================================= |
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Phonetic transcriptions usually enclosed in square brackets ``[əbaʊt]`` or |
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slashes ``/əbaʊt/``. |
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``gadict`` project try to follow OED 2ed (Oxford English Dictionary) |
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pronunciation for dialect known as RP (Received Pronunciation) and uses IPA for |
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representation of pronunciation like in Wikipedia project: |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English |
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Wikipedia IPA for English. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English |
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This concise chart shows the most common applications of the |
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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent English |
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language pronunciations. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation |
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Wiki about RP. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oed |
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Oxford English Dictionary. |
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Compare: |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_conventions_for_English |
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Consonants. |
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----------- |
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``[b]``:: |
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525 | 54 |
bed [bed], bird [bɜːrd], baby [beɪbi] |
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55 |
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``[p]``:: |
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pen [pen], people [piːpəl], hope [həʊp], pop [pɒp] |
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``[d]``:: |
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dead [ded], dust [dʌst], odd [ɒd], did [dɪd] |
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``[t]``:: |
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tree [triː], get [ɡet], button [bʌtn], tight [taɪt] |
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``[ʧ]``:: |
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chalk [ʧɔːk], teacher [tiːʧər], match [mæʧ], church [ʧɜːrʧ] |
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``[f]``:: |
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fat [fæt], flow [fləʊ], fine [faɪn], coffee [kɒfɪ], fluff [flʌf] |
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``[v]``:: |
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very [ˈveri], heavy [ˈhevi], move [muːv], verve [vɜːrv] |
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``[ɡ]``:: |
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glove [ɡlʌv], give [ɡɪv], bag [bæɡ], gig [ɡɪɡ] |
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525 | 84 |
``[h]``:: |
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525 | 86 |
hot [hɒt], high [haɪ], hear [hɪə], hello [ˈheləʊ], how [hau] |
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``[j]``:: |
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yet [jet], useful [juːsfəl], yellow [jeləʊ], cute [kjuːt] |
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``[k]``:: |
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93 |
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cat [kæt], came [keɪm], lucky [lʌki], sick [sɪk] |
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95 |
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``[l]``:: |
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lamp [læmp], bell [bel], level [levəl] |
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``[m]``:: |
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101 |
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milk [mɪlk], sum [sʌm] |
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``[n]``:: |
105 |
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note [nəʊt], funny [fʌni], son [sʌn], none [nʌn] |
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107 |
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``[r]``:: |
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right [raɪt], road [rəʊd], sorry [ˈsɒrɪ] |
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``[s]``:: |
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113 |
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525 | 114 |
sofa [səʊfə], hiss [hɪs], cease [siːs] |
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525 | 116 |
``[ð]``:: |
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117 |
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525 | 118 |
then [ðen], this [ðɪs], that [ðæt], other [ʌðər], both [bəʊð] |
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525 | 120 |
``[θ]``:: |
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121 |
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525 | 122 |
think [θɪnk], throw [θrəʊ], author [ɔːθər], path [pæθ] |
123 |
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``[ʃ]``:: |
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297 | 125 |
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525 | 126 |
shoe [ʃuː], nation [neɪʃən], fish [fɪʃ], shush [ʃʊʃ] |
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127 |
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525 | 128 |
``[ʒ]``:: |
297 | 129 |
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525 | 130 |
pleasure [pleʒə], vision [ˈvɪʒən], beige [beɪʒ] |
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131 |
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525 | 132 |
``[dʒ]``:: |
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525 | 134 |
joke [dʒəʊk], lodger [lɒdʒər], bridge [brɪdʒ], judge [dʒʌdʒ] |
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``[w]``:: |
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137 |
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525 | 138 |
wet [wet], one [wʌn], when [wen], quick [kwɪk] |
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``[z]``:: |
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141 |
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zinc [zɪŋk], buzz [bʌz], roses [rəʊzəz] |
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143 |
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Vowels. |
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------- |
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146 |
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525 | 147 |
``[ʌ]``:: |
268 | 148 |
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149 |
son [sʌn], ɡun [ɡʌn] |
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150 |
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``[ɑː]``:: |
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152 |
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525 | 153 |
car [kɑːr], father [fɑðər], start [stɑːrt], hard [hɑːrd] |
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154 |
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525 | 155 |
``[ɒ]``:: |
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156 |
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525 | 157 |
lot [lɒt], hot [hɒt], odd [ɒd], love [lʌv], blood [blʌd] |
267 | 158 |
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525 | 159 |
``[ɔː]``:: |
268 | 160 |
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161 |
fork [fɔːk], or [ɔː], fall [fɔːl] |
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162 |
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``[ʊ]``:: |
267 | 164 |
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525 | 165 |
good [ɡʊd], foot [fʊt], put [pʊt] |
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166 |
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``[uː]``:: |
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168 |
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525 | 169 |
blue [blu:], group [ɡruːp] |
269 | 170 |
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525 | 171 |
``[ɛ]``:: |
269 | 172 |
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525 | 173 |
pen [pɛn], text [tɛxt], pet [pɛt], dress [drɛs], bed [bɛd] |
269 | 174 |
|
525 | 175 |
``[ɪ]``:: |
269 | 176 |
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525 | 177 |
pin [pɪn], milk [mɪlk], minit [mɪnɪt], bid [bɪd] |
269 | 178 |
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525 | 179 |
``[iː]``:: |
269 | 180 |
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tree [triː], see [siː], me [miː], tea [tiː] |
269 | 182 |
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525 | 183 |
``[ɪə]``:: |
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184 |
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185 |
ear [ɪə], dear [dɪə] |
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186 |
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525 | 187 |
``[ɜr]``:: |
188 |
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189 |
girl [gɜrl], first [fɜrst], work [wɜrk], learn [lɛrn] |
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190 |
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191 |
``[æ]``:: |
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192 |
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193 |
fat [fæt], happy [hæppɪ], trap [træp] |
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194 |
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525 | 195 |
``[aɪ]``:: |
196 |
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197 |
high [haɪ], price [praɪs], try [traɪ] |
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198 |
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525 | 199 |
``[eə]``:: |
200 |
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where [weə], fair [feə], pair [peə] |
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202 |
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``[eɪ]``:: |
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204 |
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525 | 205 |
face [feɪs], break [breɪk], day [deɪ] |
206 |
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207 |
``[ɔɪ]``:: |
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208 |
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209 |
choice [ʧɔɪs], noise [nɔɪz], boy [bɔɪ] |
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210 |
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211 |
``[əʊ]``:: |
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212 |
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525 | 213 |
open [əʊpən], colon [kəʊlən], show [ʃəʊ] |
214 |
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215 |
``[ɪə]``:: |
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216 |
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525 | 217 |
near [nɪə], hear [hɪə] |
218 |
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``[ʊə]``:: |
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tour [tʊə], pure [pjʊə], cure [kjʊə] |
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222 |
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223 |
List of IPA symbols for English |
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224 |
=============================== |
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225 |
:: |
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226 |
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227 |
θ ð ʃ ŋ ʧ ʒ ı ɡ ː ˌ ˈ ˑ ˏ ˊ ˋ |
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æ ɑ ɒ ʌ ʊ ɒ ɛ ə ɜ ɔ ɪ є ɚ |
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229 |
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230 |
You can copy/paste they in phonetic string. |
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231 |
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232 |
TODO |
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233 |
==== |
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234 |
:: |
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235 |
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236 |
Front Central Back |
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237 |
long short long short long short |
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238 |
Close iː ɪ uː ʊ |
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239 |
Mid ɛ ɜː ə ɔː |
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240 |
Open æ ʌ ɑː ɒ |
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241 |
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242 |
Diphthong Triphthong |
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243 |
Closing Centring |
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244 |
/eɪ/ /ɪə/ /aɪə/ |
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245 |
/aɪ/ /eə/ /ɑʊə/ |
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246 |
/ɔɪ/ /ʊə/ |
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247 |
/əʊ/ |
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248 |
/aʊ/ |
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249 |
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250 |
Old vs. new transcription. |
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251 |
========================== |
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253 |
From "Better English pronunciation.":: |
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254 |
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255 |
Old iː i e ɔː u uː ei ou ai au ɔi æ ɔ ʌ əː ɑː iə ɛə uə ə |
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256 |
New iː ɪ e ɔː ʊ uː eɪ əʊ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ æ ɒ ʌ ɜː ɑː ɪə eə ʊə ə |
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257 |
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258 |
Also from Wikipedia:: |
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Old æ e əː ʌɪ ɑʊ ɛə |
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261 |
New a ɛ ɜː aɪ aʊ eə |
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262 |