|
279
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
==================================
|
|
|
3 |
Речевые образцы/Phrase examples.
|
|
|
4 |
==================================
|
|
|
5 |
.. contents::
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
7 |
.. role:: cr
|
|
|
8 |
:class: cr
|
|
|
9 |
.. role:: cg
|
|
|
10 |
:class: cg
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
12 |
Пояснения.
|
|
|
13 |
==========
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
15 |
Разговорный словарь - Phrase book. Речевые образцы - Phrase examples.
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
282
|
17 |
Present Simple Tense.
|
|
|
18 |
=====================
|
|
279
|
19 |
|
|
|
20 |
``SUB-S`` - single subject, ``SUB-P`` - plural subject, ``V1`` - infinitive form of
|
|
|
21 |
verb.
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
23 |
For verbs that ends on: ``s``, ``ss``, ``sh``, ``ch``, ``x`` used ``-es``
|
|
|
24 |
suffix, otherwise ``-s``. TODO
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
281
|
26 |
.. table:: Statement sentence
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
28 |
+--------------------------+-----+
|
|
|
29 |
|| SUB-S :cr:`V1` | OBJ |
|
|
|
30 |
|| SUB-P :cr:`V1 + -s/-es` | |
|
|
|
31 |
+--------------------------+-----+
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
33 |
.. table:: Negation sentence
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
35 |
+--------------------------------+-----+
|
|
|
36 |
|| SUB-S :cg:`do not` :cr:`V1` | OBJ |
|
|
|
37 |
|| SUB-S :cg:`don't` :cr:`V1` | |
|
|
|
38 |
|| SUB-P :cg:`does not` :cr:`V1` | |
|
|
|
39 |
|| SUB-P :cg:`doesn't` :cr:`V1` | |
|
|
|
40 |
+--------------------------------+-----+
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
42 |
.. table:: Question sentence
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
44 |
+----------------------------+------+
|
|
|
45 |
|| :cg:`Do` SUB-S :cr:`V1` | OBJ? |
|
|
|
46 |
|| :cg:`Does` SUB-P :cr:`V1` | |
|
|
|
47 |
+----------------------------+------+
|
|
279
|
48 |
|
|
282
|
49 |
Present Simple Tense for be.
|
|
279
|
50 |
=============================
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
281
|
52 |
.. table:: Statement sentence
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
54 |
+-----------------+-----+
|
|
|
55 |
|| I :cg:`am` | OBJ |
|
|
|
56 |
|| :cg:`I'm` | |
|
|
|
57 |
+-----------------+ |
|
|
|
58 |
|| You :cg:`are` | |
|
|
|
59 |
|| :cg:`You're` | |
|
|
|
60 |
|| We :cg:`are` | |
|
|
|
61 |
|| :cg:`We're` | |
|
|
|
62 |
|| They :cg:`are` | |
|
|
|
63 |
|| :cg:`They're` | |
|
|
|
64 |
+-----------------+ |
|
|
|
65 |
|| He :cg:`is` | |
|
|
|
66 |
|| :cg:`He's` | |
|
|
|
67 |
|| She :cg:`is` | |
|
|
|
68 |
|| :cg:`She's` | |
|
|
|
69 |
|| It :cg:`is` | |
|
|
|
70 |
|| :cg:`It's` | |
|
|
|
71 |
+-----------------+-----+
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
73 |
.. table:: Negation sentence
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
75 |
+---------------------+-----+
|
|
|
76 |
|| I :cg:`am not` | OBJ |
|
|
|
77 |
|| :cg:`I'm not` | |
|
|
|
78 |
+---------------------+ |
|
|
|
79 |
|| You :cg:`are not` | |
|
|
|
80 |
|| You :cg:`aren't` | |
|
|
|
81 |
|| :cg:`You're not` | |
|
|
|
82 |
|| We :cg:`are not` | |
|
|
|
83 |
|| We :cg:`aren't` | |
|
|
|
84 |
|| :cg:`We're not` | |
|
|
|
85 |
|| They :cg:`are not` | |
|
|
|
86 |
|| They :cg:`aren't` | |
|
|
|
87 |
|| :cg:`They're not` | |
|
|
|
88 |
+---------------------+ |
|
|
|
89 |
|| He :cg:`is not` | |
|
|
|
90 |
|| He :cg:`isn't` | |
|
|
|
91 |
|| :cg:`He's not` | |
|
|
|
92 |
|| She :cg:`is not` | |
|
|
|
93 |
|| She :cg:`isn't` | |
|
|
|
94 |
|| :cg:`She's not` | |
|
|
|
95 |
|| It :cg:`is not` | |
|
|
|
96 |
|| It :cg:`isn't` | |
|
|
|
97 |
|| :cg:`It's not` | |
|
|
|
98 |
+---------------------+-----+
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
100 |
.. table:: Question sentence.
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
102 |
+------------+--------+-------+
|
|
|
103 |
|| :cg:`Am` || I || OBJ? |
|
|
|
104 |
+------------+--------+ |
|
|
|
105 |
|| :cg:`Are` || we | |
|
|
|
106 |
| || you | |
|
|
|
107 |
| || they | |
|
|
|
108 |
+------------+--------+ |
|
|
|
109 |
|| :cg:`Is` || he | |
|
|
|
110 |
| || she | |
|
|
|
111 |
| || it | |
|
|
|
112 |
+------------+--------+-------+
|
|
279
|
113 |
|
|
282
|
114 |
Present Simple Tense for have.
|
|
|
115 |
==============================
|
|
279
|
116 |
|
|
281
|
117 |
.. table:: Statement sentence
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
119 |
+------------------+------+
|
|
|
120 |
|| I :cg:`have` || OBJ |
|
|
|
121 |
|| :cg:`I've` || OBJ |
|
|
|
122 |
|| You :cg:`have` | |
|
|
|
123 |
|| :cg:`You've` | |
|
|
|
124 |
|| We :cg:`have` | |
|
|
|
125 |
|| :cg:`We've` | |
|
|
|
126 |
|| They :cg:`have` | |
|
|
|
127 |
|| :cg:`They've` | |
|
|
|
128 |
+------------------+------+
|
|
|
129 |
|| He :cg:`has` | |
|
|
|
130 |
|| :cg:`He's` | |
|
|
|
131 |
|| She :cg:`has` | |
|
|
|
132 |
|| :cg:`She's` | |
|
|
|
133 |
|| It :cg:`has` | |
|
|
|
134 |
|| :cg:`It's` | |
|
|
|
135 |
+------------------+------+
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
137 |
.. table:: Negation sentence
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
139 |
+---------------------+------+
|
|
|
140 |
|| I :cg:`have no` || OBJ |
|
|
|
141 |
|| :cg:`I've no` | |
|
|
|
142 |
|| You :cg:`have no` | |
|
|
|
143 |
|| :cg:`You've no` | |
|
|
|
144 |
|| We :cg:`have no` | |
|
|
|
145 |
|| :cg:`We've no` | |
|
|
|
146 |
|| They :cg:`have no` | |
|
|
|
147 |
|| :cg:`They've no` | |
|
|
|
148 |
+---------------------+------+
|
|
|
149 |
|| He :cg:`has no` | |
|
|
|
150 |
|| :cg:`He's no` | |
|
|
|
151 |
|| She :cg:`has no` | |
|
|
|
152 |
|| :cg:`She's no` | |
|
|
|
153 |
|| It :cg:`has no` | |
|
|
|
154 |
|| :cg:`It's no` | |
|
|
|
155 |
+---------------------+------+
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
157 |
.. table:: Question sentence
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
159 |
+-------------+-------+-------+
|
|
|
160 |
|| :cg:`Have` || I || OBJ? |
|
|
|
161 |
|| || you | |
|
|
|
162 |
|| || we | |
|
|
|
163 |
|| || they | |
|
|
|
164 |
+-------------+-------+ |
|
|
|
165 |
|| :cg:`Has` || he | |
|
|
|
166 |
|| || she | |
|
|
|
167 |
|| || it | |
|
|
|
168 |
+-------------+-------+-------+
|
|
279
|
169 |
|
|
282
|
170 |
Past simple tense.
|
|
|
171 |
==================
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
173 |
``SUB`` - subject, ``V2`` - past form of verb.
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
175 |
.. table:: Statement sentence
|
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
177 |
+-------------------+
|
|
|
178 |
|| SUB :cr:`V2` OBJ |
|
|
|
179 |
+-------------------+
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
181 |
.. table:: Negation sentence
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
183 |
+------+----------------+--------------+
|
|
|
184 |
|| SUB || :cg:`did not` | :cr:`V1` OBJ |
|
|
|
185 |
|| || :cg:`did't` | |
|
|
|
186 |
+------+----------------+--------------+
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
188 |
.. table:: Question sentence
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
190 |
+-------------------------+------+
|
|
|
191 |
|| :cg:`Did` SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ? |
|
|
|
192 |
+-------------------------+------+
|
|
|
193 |
|
|
279
|
194 |
TODO.
|
|
|
195 |
=====
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
197 |
Negative question sentence.
|
|
|
198 |
|
|
|
199 |
An S (sentence) consists of an NP (noun phrase) followed by a VP (verb phrase).
|
|
|
200 |
The second rule reads: A noun phrase consists of a Det (determiner) followed by
|
|
|
201 |
an N (noun). Some further categories are listed here: AP (adjective phrase),
|
|
|
202 |
AdvP (adverb phrase), PP (prepositional phrase), etc. Specific notations for
|
|
|
203 |
writing phrase structure rules can be identified in the third rule. The round
|
|
|
204 |
brackets around AP and PP indicate that these constituents are optional. A
|
|
|
205 |
single noun can still stand as a noun phrase.
|
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
207 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics)
|
|
|
208 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun_phrase
|
|
|
209 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb_phrase
|
|
|
210 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective_phrase
|
|
|
211 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverb_phrase
|
|
|
212 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepositional_phrase
|
|
|
213 |
|
|
|
214 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_grammar
|
|
|
215 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-bar_theory
|
|
|
216 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules
|
|
|
217 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalist_program
|
|
|
218 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_grammar
|
|
280
|
219 |
|
|
|
220 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_clause_syntax
|
|
|
221 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uses_of_English_verb_forms
|
|
|
222 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrasal_verb
|
|
|
223 |
|
|
|
224 |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_verb
|