gadict: comparison www/en-punctuation

equal deleted inserted replaced

-:071ba8ee0aaf
+:eddc8cb6aec7
 .. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-============================
+===========================
-English Punctuation Guide.
+English Punctuation Guide
-============================
+===========================
+.. contents::
-Punctuation symbol.
+:local:
-===================
-::
+Punctuation symbol
+==================
-!  exclamation mark
-"" single quotation marks
+``.`` full stop (period USA)
-'' double quotation marks
-'  apostrophe
+``?`` question mark
-,  comma
--  hyphen
+``!`` exclamation mark
-.  full stop (period USA)
-:  colon
+``""`` single quotation marks
-;  semi colon
-?  question mark
+``''`` double quotation marks
-... ellipsis
+````` apostrophe
-General rules.
-==============
+``-`` hyphen
+``,`` comma
+``:`` colon
+``;`` semicolon
+``...`` ellipsis
+General rules
+=============
 * Put end-of-sentence punctuation inside quotation marks.
 * Put commas and other sentence punctuation outside of parentheses.
-* Put a comma (plus a space) before and, but, or, and nor when they
+* Put a comma (plus a space) before conjunction.
-join two sentences.
+* The semicolon ``;`` is not widely used in English.
-* The semicolon (;) is not used widely in English and probably should
-be avoided by non-native writers.
+Capital letter
-* Names of newspapers, books, movies, ships, magazines, journals, and
+==============
-poems are usually italicized or underlined.
-Capital letter.
-===============
 1. A capital is used for the first letter of a new sentence, of quoted
 speech or proper nouns.
 2. The first letter of a sentence does not need to be capitalized if it
 is included in parenthesis within another sentence.
 [5] The Great Fire of London
 [6] Devout Christians do daily Bible study.
 [7] After a long, hot summer she married him on a sultry Saturday in September.
 [8] January 1 is New Year's Day.
-Spaces.
+Spaces
-=======
+======
 * Put one space after punctuation.
 * Put no spaces before punctuation, but always put a space between words.
 * Put no spaces after periods inside abbreviations.
 * Put no space before or after an apostrophe.
 * Put no space on the "inside" of quotation marks (often called "quotes").
 * Put no space on the "inside" of parentheses.
-Some old rules:
+Exclamation mark, ``!``
+=======================
-* Put two spaces after colons and between sentences.
+* Exclamation marks act as a full stop.
-Exclamation mark, '!'.
+* An exclamation mark is most often used to show shock, surprise, horror or
-======================
+pleasure.
+* Put space after an exclamation mark, not before.
-* Exclamation marks act as a full stop.
-* An exclamation mark is most often used to show shock, surprise,
-horror or pleasure.
-* No space is needed before an exclamation mark, at least one space
-after one (two spaces for purists).
 Examples::
 Oh! Wow! Brilliant!
 It was shocking!
-Apostrophe, "'".
+Apostrophe, ``'``
-================
+=================
 * Apostrophes next to the letter ('s) indicate possession or belonging.
 * They are also used to show missing letters in shortened words, especially in
 informal writing.
 * No space is needed before or after the apostrophe.
 Examples::
 This is Lynne's web site.
 It's a nice day today, isn't it? I've got an idea. Let's go out.
-Comma, ','.
+Comma, ``,``
-===========
+============
 1. Separate items in long lists.
 2. Commas point out brief pauses in a complex sentence or a long
 prepositional phrase.
 3. Comma is included before the conjunction 'and' which comes before
 the final element of a list (for purists).
 4. Introduce a direct quote.
 5. Separate appositives (a noun, or noun phrase) or non-defining
 relative clauses.
-6. Use a comma if your subject has two or more adjectives describing
+6. Use a comma if your subject has two or more adjectives describing it.
-it.
+7. You do not put a space before a comma, but you do need a space after one.
-7. You do not put a space before a comma, but you do need a space after
-one.
 8. We don't usually put a comma before the word 'and'.
 Examples::
 [1] There were a lot of people in the room, teachers, students and parents.
 heart attack."
 [5] Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, comes from Seattle.
 [5] My only sister, who is a fantastic tennis player, is in great shape.
 [6] The powerful, resonating sound caught our attention.
-Colon, ':'.
+Colon, ``:``
-===========
+============
 1. Colons precede a list, an explanation or an example.
 2. The colon is used to separate two main clauses where the first is an
 introduction to the second.
 3. To introduce a direct quote (a comma can also be used in this
 Victoria Centre.
 [2] The pilot had an awful realization: he had forgotten to turn off the gas
 at breakfast time.
 [3] He announced to his friends: "I'm getting married!"
-Full stop (period), '.'.
+Full stop (period), ``.``
-========================
+=========================
 1. Full stops (periods in the USA) go at the end of sentences that are
 statements.
-2. They are also used to mark abbreviations. If such an abbreviation
+2. They are also used to mark abbreviations. If such an abbreviation occurs at
-occurs at the very end of a sentence, the final dot is not usually
+the very end of a sentence, the final dot is not written twice.
-written twice.
+3. You do not put a space before a full stop, but after one.
-3. You do not put a space before a full stop, but you do need at least
-one space after one (two spaces for purists).
 Examples::
 [1] My name is Lynn. I am a teacher.
 [2] An overhead projector is often referred to as an O.H.P.
-Hyphen, '-'.
+Hyphen, ``-``
-============
+=============
-* Hyphens are used to connect words or syllables, or to divide words into
+* Hyphens are used to connect words or syllables, or to divide words into parts.
-parts.
+* You don't use a space on either side of a hyphen.
-* You don't use a space on either side of a hyphen.
 Examples::
 There were ninety-nine red balloons.
-Question mark, '?'.
+Question mark, ``?``
-===================
+====================
 1. Question marks go at the end of sentences that are questions.
 2. You need a question mark at the end of tag questions.
 3. For quotes within quotes, use single quotes.
-4. You do not put a space before a question mark, but you do need at
+4. You do not put a space before a question mark, but after one.
-least one space after one (two spaces for purists).
 Examples::
 [1] Is my name Lynn? Of course it is.
 [2] It's a nice day, isn't it?
-Semicolon, ';'.
+Semicolon, ``;``
-===============
+================
 1. Semicolons are used to separate two sentences that would otherwise
 be joined with a word such as 'and', 'because', 'since', 'unless' or
 'while'. 2 To separate groups of words that are themselves separated
 by commas.
 [1] I'm looking forward to our next lesson; I'm sure it will be a lot of fun.
 [2] They plan to study German, for their travels; chemistry, for their work;
 and literature, for their own enjoyment.
-Quotation mark (speech mark), '""', "''".
+Quotation mark (speech mark), ``""``, ``''``
-=========================================
+============================================
-Double quotes '""', single quotes "''".
+Double quotes ``""``, single quotes ``''``.
 * Quotation marks (single or double) are used to show words that are
 directly spoken (direct speech).
 * Only the words actually being quoted are enclosed by speech marks.
 * You need a space before the opening speech mark, but no space after
 Nathan replied, "I don't understand."
 Nathan asked, "Do you understand?"
 Nathan shouted, "I don't understand!"
 He wrote in 1946 that, "The key word in digital computer is 'digital'."
-Ellipsis, '...'.
+Ellipsis, ``...``
-================
+=================
 1. Ellipsis used to show that something has been omitted, indicate
 missing words in an incomplete quotation.
 Examples::
 [1] Chomsky suggested that, "Language is a system that...can be described in
 an algebraic notation."
-Dash, '-', '--'.
+Dash, ``-``, ``--``
-================
+===================
 1. The dash should be used when making a brief interruption within a
 statement, a sudden change of thought, an additional comment, or a
 dramatic qualification.
-Parentheses '()'.
+Parentheses ``()``
-=================
+==================
 1. Use parentheses to clarify, to place an afterthought, or to add a
 personal comment. Be sure to include the period after the closing
 parenthesis.
 [1] You will need a flashlight for the camping trip (don't forget the
 batteries!).
 [1] Most grammarians believe that parentheses and commas are always
 interchangeable (I disagree).
-Brackets '[]'.
+Brackets ``[]``
-==============
+===============
 1. Use brackets to signify an editor's note in a regular piece of
 writing. You can also use brackets to clarify or to revise a direct
 quote so that it appeals to your own writing.
 2. The first brackets are rounded, and brackets inside brackets are
 Examples::
 [1] "[The blast] was absolutely devastating," said Susan Smith.
-Slash '/'.
+Slash ``/``
-==========
+===========
 1. Use the slash to separate "and" and "or", when appropriate.
 2. The slash can replace the word "and" to join two nouns.
 3. The slash is used when quoting lyrics and poetry to denote a line
 break. Be sure to add spaces between your slashes here.

changeset 603	eddc8cb6aec7
parent 339	4d8d46bbe30d