# -*- coding: utf-8; -*-

ABOUT: VOA Special English Word Book.

  http://gadict.sourceforge.net

Materials placed in Public Domain as all materials from VOA (Voice of
America).

You can look to VOA disclaimer at:

  http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/disclaim.cfm

Use http://web.archive.org/ to find this page.

This dictionary based on origins from:

  http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-a.cfm
  http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-b.cfm
  ...
  http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-z.cfm

on 2010-02-12 which you can find with http://web.archive.org/

Older version of "Special English Word Book" have additional articles
with words from different domain:

  Common Expressions
  Common Prefixes
  Words Used in VOA Special English Science Programs
  Organs of the Body

I added this articles too (from version of 2004).

Also this version have section "Parts of Speech", which you can see
below:

  n. (noun) - a name word
  v. (verb) - an action word
  ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word
  prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation
  pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun
  conj. (conjunction) - a joining word

Further info available at:

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_English

By Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmai.com>

_____

a; an

  ad. one; any; each
_____

able

  v. having the power to do something
_____

about

  ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about
  the weather.")
_____

above

  ad. at a higher place
_____

abuse

  n. bad treatment causing harm or injury
_____

accept

  v. to agree to receive
_____

accident

  n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event
_____

accuse

  v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a
  statement against someone
_____

across

  ad. from side to side; to the other side
_____

act

  v. to do something
_____

activist

  n. one who seeks change through action
_____

actor

  n. someone acting in a play or show
_____

add

  v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more
_____

administration

  n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president
  or prime minister
_____

admit

  v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's
  guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.")
_____

adult

  n. a grown person
_____

advertise

  v. to show or present the qualities of a product to increase sales
_____

advise

  v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision
_____

affect

  v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected
  the singer's performance.")
_____

afraid

  ad. feeling fear
_____

after

  ad. later; behind
_____

again

  ad. another time; as before
_____

against

  ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something
_____

age

  n. how old a person or thing is
_____

agency

  n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the
  United Nations")
_____

aggression

  n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's
  borders
_____

ago

  ad. of time past; before now
_____

agree

  v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something
_____

agriculture

  n. farming
_____

aid

  v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance
_____

aim

  v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose
_____

air

  n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen,
  that we breathe
_____

air force

  n. a military organization using airplanes
_____

airplane

  n. a vehicle with wings that flies
_____

airport

  n. a place where airplanes take off and land
_____

album

  n. a collection of recorded music
_____

alcohol

  n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug
  or in industrial products
_____

alive

  ad. having life; not dead
_____

all

  ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount
_____

ally

  n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose
_____

almost

  ad. a little less than completely
_____

alone

  ad. separated from others
_____

along

  ad. near or on ("along the road")
_____

already

  ad. before now; even now
_____

also

  ad. added to; too
_____

although

  conj. even if it is true that
_____

always

  ad. at all times; every time
_____

ambassador

  n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another
  government)
_____

amend

  v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)
_____

ammunition

  n. the bullets or shells fired from guns
_____

among

  ad. in or part of (a group)
_____

amount

  n. the number, size or weight of anything
_____

anarchy

  n. a lack of order; lawlessness
_____

ancestor

  n. a family member from the past
_____

ancient

  ad. very old; long ago
_____

and

  conj. also; in addition to; with
_____

anger

  n. a strong emotion against someone or something
_____

animal

  n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat
_____

anniversary

  n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the
  past
_____

announce

  v. to make known publicly; to declare officially
_____

another

  ad. one more; a different one
_____

answer

  n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after
  being asked a question
_____

any

  ad. one or more of no special kind
_____

apologize

  v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts
  responsibility
_____

appeal

  v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call
  on somebody for help
_____

appear

  v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem
_____

appoint

  v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge")
_____

approve

  v. to agree with; to agree to support
_____

archeology

  n. the scientific study of past human life and activities
_____

area

  n. any place or part of it
_____

argue

  v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree
_____

arms

  n. military equipment; weapons
_____

army

  n. military ground forces
_____

around

  ad. on every side (of)
_____

arrest

  v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner
_____

arrive

  v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip
_____

art

  n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music,
  writing or statues
_____

artillery

  n. big guns
_____

as

  conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while
_____

ash

  n. the part left after something burns
_____

ask

  v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher
  questions every day.")
_____

assist

  v. to help
_____

astronaut

  n. a person who travels in space
_____

astronomy

  n. the scientific study of stars and the universe
_____

asylum

  n. political protection given by a government to a person from another
  country
_____

at

  prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon")
_____

atmosphere

  n. the gases surrounding any star or planet
_____

attach

  v. to tie together; to connect
_____

attack

  n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight
_____

attempt

  v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort
_____

attend

  v. to be present at
_____

attention

  n. close or careful observing of, or listening to, someone or
  something (“The student paid attention to his teacher.”)
_____

automobile

  n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car
_____

autumn

  n. the time of the year between summer and winter
_____

available

  ad. present and ready for use; willing to serve or help. (“There was a
  list of available candidates.”)
_____

average

  n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal
_____

avoid

  v. to stay away from
_____

awake

  ad. not sleeping
_____

award

  n. an honor or prize for an act or service
_____

away

  ad. not near
_____

baby

  n. a newly born creature
_____

back

  n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward
_____

bad

  ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good
_____

balance

  v. to make two sides or forces equal
_____

ball

  n. something round
_____

balloon

  n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas
  lighter than air
_____

ballot

  n. a piece of paper used for voting
_____

ban

  v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction
_____

bank

  n. an organization that keeps and lends money
_____

bar

  v. to prevent or block
_____

barrier

  n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult
_____

base

  n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was
  based on experiments.")
_____

battle

  n. a fight between opposing armed forces
_____

be

  v. to live; to happen; to exist
_____

beat

  v. to hit again and again
_____

beauty

  n. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit
_____

because

  prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.")
_____

become

  v. to come to be
_____

bed

  n. a sleeping place
_____

before

  prep. earlier
_____

begin

  v. to do the first part of an action; to start
_____

behavior

  n. the way in which a person or animal acts (“The child’s behavior was
  bad because he fought with other children.”)
_____

behind

  ad. at the back of; in back of
_____

believe

  v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust
_____

belong

  v. to be owned by; to be a member of
_____

below

  ad. lower than
_____

best

  ad. the most good
_____

betray

  v. to turn against; to be false to
_____

better

  ad. more good than
_____

between

  ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks
  between two nations")
_____

big

  ad. of great size; not small
_____

bill

  n. a legislative proposal
_____

biology

  n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms
_____

bird

  n. a creature that flies
_____

bite

  v. to cut with the teeth
_____

black

  ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky
_____

blame

  v. to accuse; to hold responsible
_____

bleed

  v. to lose blood
_____

blind

  ad. not able to see
_____

block

  v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement
_____

blood

  n. red fluid in the body
_____

blow

  v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.")
_____

blue

  ad. having the color like that of a clear sky
_____

boat

  n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods
_____

body

  n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal
_____

boil

  v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot
_____

bomb

  n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy
  with bombs
_____

bone

  n. the hard material in the body
_____

book

  n. a long written work for reading
_____

border

  n. a dividing line between nations
_____

born

  v. to come to life; to come into existence
_____

borrow

  v. to take as a loan
_____

both

  ad. not just one of two, but the two together
_____

bottle

  n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid
_____

bottom

  ad. the lowest part of something
_____

box

  n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or
  wood
_____

boy

  n. a young male person
_____

boycott

  v. to refuse to take part in or deal with
_____

brain

  n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all
  creatures
_____

brave

  ad. having no fear
_____

bread

  n. a food made from grain
_____

break

  v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy
_____

breathe

  v. to take air into the body and let it out again
_____

bridge

  n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and
  vehicles can cross from one side to the other
_____

brief

  ad. short; not long
_____

bright

  ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color
_____

bring

  v. to come with something
_____

broadcast

  v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a
  radio or television program
_____

brother

  n. a male with the same father or mother as another person
_____

brown

  ad. having the color like that of coffee
_____

budget

  n. a spending plan
_____

build

  v. to join materials together to make something
_____

building

  n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store
  or place of entertainment
_____

bullet

  n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun
_____

burn

  v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire
_____

burst

  v. to break open suddenly
_____

bury

  v. to put into the ground and cover with earth
_____

bus

  n. a public vehicle to carry people
_____

business

  n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade
_____

busy

  ad. doing something; very active
_____

but

  conj. however; other than; yet
_____

buy

  v. to get by paying something, usually money
_____

by

  conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William
  Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight")
_____

cabinet

  n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government
_____

call

  v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request
  ("They called for an end to the fighting.")
_____

calm

  ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense
_____

camera

  n. a device for taking pictures
_____

camp

  n. a place with temporary housing
_____

campaign

  n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from
  voters; a connected series of military actions during a war
_____

can

  v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold
  liquid or food, usually made of metal
_____

cancel

  v. to end; to stop
_____

cancer

  n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts
  of the body
_____

candidate

  n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor
_____

capital

  n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's
  government is
_____

capture

  v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force;
  to get control of
_____

car

  n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part
  of a train
_____

care

  v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest
_____

career

  n. a chosen profession; a person’s working life (“The actor’s career
  lasted for thirty years.”)
_____

careful

  ad. acting safely; with much thought
_____

carry

  v. to take something or someone from one place to another
_____

case (court)

  n. a legal action
_____

case (medical)

  n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at
  the school.")
_____

cat

  n. a small animal that often lives with humans
_____

catch

  v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands
_____

cause

  v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result
_____

ceasefire

  n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement
_____

celebrate

  v. to honor a person or event with special activities
_____

center

  n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is
  the main point of an activity
_____

century

  n. one hundred years
_____

ceremony

  n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by
  tradition
_____

chairman

  n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group
_____

champion

  n. the best; the winner
_____

chance

  n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen
_____

change

  v. to make different; to become different
_____

charge

  v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in
  which someone is accused of something
_____

chase

  v. to run or go after someone or something
_____

cheat

  v. to get by a trick; to steal from
_____

cheer

  v. to shout approval or praise
_____

chemicals

  n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the
  science of chemistry
_____

chemistry

  n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they
  act under different conditions, and how they form other substances
_____

chief

  n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important
_____

child

  n. a baby; a boy or girl
_____

children

  n. more than one child
_____

choose

  v. to decide between two or more
_____

circle

  n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the
  center, like an "O"
_____

citizen

  n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law
_____

city

  n. any important large town
_____

civil rights

  n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all
  people of a nation
_____

civilian

  ad. not military
_____

claim

  v. to say something as a fact
_____

clash

  n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose
_____

class

  n. a group of students who meet to study the same subject; also, a
  social or economic group. ("They were members of the middle class.")
_____

clean

  v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean
  water")
_____

clear

  ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood
_____

clergy

  n. a body of officials within a religious organization
_____

climate

  n. the normal weather conditions of a place
_____

climb

  v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the
  hands
_____

clock

  n. a device that measures and shows time
_____

close

  v. to make something not open; ad. near to
_____

cloth

  n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other
  substances
_____

clothes

  n. what people wear
_____

cloud

  n. a mass of fog high in the sky
_____

coal

  n. a solid black substance used as fuel
_____

coalition

  n. forces, groups or nations joined together
_____

coast

  n. land on the edge of the ocean
_____

coffee

  n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
_____

cold

  ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature
_____

collapse

  v. to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down or fail suddenly in
  strength, health or power. (“The building collapsed in the
  earthquake.” “The government collapsed after a vote in parliament.”)
_____

collect

  v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive
  ("collect taxes")
_____

college

  n. a small university
_____

colony

  n. land controlled by another country or government
_____

color

  n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown,
  black, yellow and others
_____

combine

  v. to mix or bring together
_____

come

  v. to move toward; to arrive
_____

command

  v. to order; to have power over something
_____

comment

  v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something
_____

committee

  n. a group of people given special work
_____

common

  ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose")
_____

communicate

  v. to tell; to give or exchange information
_____

community

  n. a group of people living together in one place or area
_____

company

  n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes
_____

compare

  v. to examine what is different or similar
_____

compete

  v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others
_____

complete

  ad. having all parts; ended or finished
_____

complex

  ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not
  simple
_____

compromise

  n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less
  than first demanded
_____

computer

  n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and
  for communicating with others
_____

concern

  n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be
  concerned")
_____

condemn

  v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad
_____

condition

  n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's
  health
_____

conference

  n. a meeting
_____

confirm

  v. to approve; to say that something is true
_____

conflict

  n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one
_____

congratulate

  v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck
_____

Congress

  n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United
  States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar
  organization in other countries
_____

connect

  v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link
_____

conservative

  n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change
_____

consider

  v. to give thought to; to think about carefully
_____

constitution

  n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of
  government
_____

contact

  n. the act of touching or being close to a person or thing (“He was in
  contact with animals that had the disease.”) v. to meet or communicate
  with (“He wanted to contact his local official.”)
_____

contain

  v. to hold; to include
_____

container

  n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something
_____

continent

  n. any of the seven great land areas of the world
_____

continue

  v. to go on doing or being
_____

control

  v. to direct; to have power over
_____

convention

  n. a large meeting for a special purpose
_____

cook

  v. to heat food before eating it
_____

cool

  ad. almost cold
_____

cooperate

  v. to act or work together
_____

copy

  v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look
  exactly like another
_____

corn

  n. a food grain
_____

correct

  ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right
_____

corruption

  n. actions taken to gain money or power that are legally or morally
  wrong
_____

cost

  n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five
  dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.")
_____

cotton

  n. a material made from a plant of the same name
_____

count

  v. to speak or add numbers
_____

country

  n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities
_____

court

  n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law
_____

cover

  v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put
  over a person or thing
_____

cow

  n. a farm animal used for its milk
_____

crash

  v. to fall violently; to hit with great force
_____

create

  v. to make; to give life or form to
_____

creature

  n. any living being; any animal or human
_____

credit

  n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time
_____

crew

  n. a group of people working together
_____

crime

  n. an act that violates a law
_____

criminal

  n. a person who is responsible for a crime
_____

crisis

  n. an extremely important time when something may become much better
  or worse; a dangerous situation
_____

criticize

  v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to
  judge
_____

crops

  n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits
  and vegetables
_____

cross

  v. to go from one side to another; to go across
_____

crowd

  n. a large number of people gathered in one place
_____

crush

  v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely
_____

cry

  v. to express or show sorrow or pain
_____

culture

  n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population
_____

cure

  v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the
  disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics
  are a cure for infection.")
_____

curfew

  n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their
  businesses
_____

current

  n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present
  time ("She found the report in a current publication.")
_____

custom

  n. a long-established belief or activity of a people
_____

customs

  n. taxes on imports
_____

cut

  v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce
_____

dam

  n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water
_____

damage

  v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to
  things
_____

dance

  v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually
  to music
_____

danger

  n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss
_____

dark

  ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.")
_____

date

  n. an expression of time; a day, month and year
_____

daughter

  n. a person's female child
_____

day

  n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight
_____

dead

  ad. not living
_____

deaf

  ad. not able to hear
_____

deal

  v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of
  pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.")
_____

debate

  v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or
  argument
_____

debt

  n. something that is owed; the condition of owing
_____

decide

  v. to choose; to settle; to judge
_____

declare

  v. to say; to make a statement
_____

decrease

  v. to make less in size or amount
_____

deep

  ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom
_____

defeat

  v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition
  of having lost
_____

defend

  v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect
_____

deficit

  n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or
  imports are greater than exports
_____

define

  v. to give the meaning of; to explain
_____

degree

  n. a measure of temperature
_____

delay

  v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to
  be late
_____

delegate

  n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another
_____

demand

  v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force
_____

democracy

  n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders
  or to make other important decisions
_____

demonstrate

  v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd
  demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using
  examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.")
_____

denounce

  v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely
_____

deny

  v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request
_____

depend

  v. to need help and support
_____

deplore

  v. to regret strongly; to express sadness
_____

deploy

  v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action
_____

depression

  n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic
  activity during which many people lose their jobs
_____

describe

  v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something
_____

desert

  n. a dry area of land
_____

design

  v. to plan or create plans for
_____

desire

  v. to want very much; to wish for
_____

destroy

  v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of
_____

detail

  n. a small part of something; a small piece of information
_____

detain

  v. to keep or hold (“The police detained several suspects for
  questioning.”)
_____

develop

  v. to grow; to create; to experience progress
_____

device

  n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose
_____

dictator

  n. a ruler with complete power
_____

die

  v. to become dead; to stop living; to end
_____

diet

  n. usual daily food and drink
_____

different

  ad. not the same
_____

difficult

  ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out
_____

dig

  v. to make a hole in the ground
_____

dinner

  n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its
  dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official
  dinner took place at the White House.")
_____

diplomat

  n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with
  another government
_____

direct

  v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater.");
  ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing
  ("The path is direct.")
_____

direction

  n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came
  from or went to
_____

dirt

  n. earth or soil
_____

disappear

  v. to become unseen; to no longer exist
_____

disarm

  v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb
  harmless by removing its exploding device
_____

disaster

  n. an event causing widespread destruction or loss of life, such as an
  earthquake or plane crash
_____

discover

  v. to find or learn something
_____

discrimination

  n. unfair treatment or consideration based on opinions about a whole
  group instead of on the qualities of an individual. (“He was accused
  of discrimination against people from other countries.”)
_____

discuss

  v. to talk about; to exchange ideas
_____

disease

  n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or
  bacteria
_____

dismiss

  v. to send away; to refuse to consider
_____

dispute

  v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate
_____

dissident

  n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government
_____

distance

  n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance
  from my house to your house is two kilometers.")
_____

dive

  v. to jump into water head first
_____

divide

  v. to separate into two or more parts
_____

do

  v. to act; to make an effort
_____

doctor

  n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people
_____

document

  n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof
  or support of something
_____

dog

  n. a small animal that often lives with humans
_____

dollar

  n. United States money, one hundred cents
_____

donate

  v. to present something as a gift to an organization, country or
  cause. (“She donated money to the Red Cross to help survivors of the
  earthquake.”)
_____

door

  n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room
_____

double

  v. to increase two times as much in size, strength or number
_____

down

  ad. from higher to lower; in a low place
_____

dream

  v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture
  or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future
_____

drink

  v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth
_____

drive

  v. to control a moving vehicle
_____

drop

  v. to fall or let fall; to go lower
_____

drown

  v. to die under water
_____

drug

  n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical
  substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind
_____

dry

  ad. not wet; without rain
_____

during

  ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening)
_____

dust

  n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air
_____

duty

  n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right
  and just
_____

each

  ad. every one by itself
_____

early

  ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day;
  opposite late
_____

earn

  v. to be paid in return for work done
_____

earth

  n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil
_____

earthquake

  n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface
_____

ease

  v. to reduce; to make less difficult
_____

east

  n. the direction from which the sun rises
_____

easy

  ad. not difficult; not hard to do
_____

eat

  v. to take food into the body through the mouth
_____

ecology

  n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and
  material things
_____

economy

  n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized
_____

edge

  n. the line where something ends or begins
_____

education

  n. the act of teaching
_____

effect

  n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious
  effect on the economy.")
_____

effort

  n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something
_____

egg

  n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female
  birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal
  that can develop into a baby
_____

either

  ad. one of two, but not the other
_____

elect

  v. to choose by voting
_____

electricity

  n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and
  light, and power to machines
_____

embassy

  n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants
_____

embryo

  n. a human or animal in the earliest stages of its development
_____

emergency

  n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action
_____

emotion

  n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness
_____

employ

  v. to give work in return for wages
_____

empty

  ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything
_____

end

  v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last
_____

enemy

  n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the
  other side in a war
_____

energy

  n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and
  willingness to be active
_____

enforce

  v. to make something be done
_____

engine

  n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work
_____

engineer

  n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads
_____

enjoy

  v. to be pleased or satisfied by something
_____

enough

  ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed
_____

enter

  v. to come or go into
_____

environment

  n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life;
  the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals
_____

equal

  ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights
_____

equipment

  n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity
_____

escape

  v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of
_____

especially

  ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.")
_____

establish

  v. to bring into existence; to create
_____

estimate

  v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than
  complete information
_____

ethnic

  ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of
  their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived
_____

evaporate

  v. to change from a liquid into a gas
_____

even

  ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the
  building was destroyed.")
_____

event

  n. that which happens, especially something of importance
_____

ever

  ad. at any time
_____

every

  ad. each one; all
_____

evidence

  n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing
_____

evil

  ad. not good; extremely bad
_____

exact

  ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail
_____

examine

  v. to study closely
_____

example

  n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like
_____

excellent

  ad. extremely good
_____

except

  prep. but for
_____

exchange

  v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another
_____

excuse

  v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes
  false) for an action
_____

execute

  v. to kill
_____

exercise

  n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to
  stay in good health
_____

exile

  v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a
  person who is forced to leave his or her country
_____

exist

  v. to be; to live
_____

expand

  v. to make larger; to grow larger
_____

expect

  v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an
  event
_____

expel

  v. to force out; to remove from; to send away
_____

experience

  v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced
  great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The
  experience caused her great pain.")
_____

experiment

  v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true
  or false, or to discover something
_____

expert

  n. a person with special knowledge or training
_____

explain

  v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the
  meaning
_____

explode

  v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb
_____

explore

  v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it;
  to make a careful search; to examine closely
_____

export

  v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country,
  usually for sale
_____

express

  v. to say clearly
_____

extend

  v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time
_____

extra

  ad. more than normal, expected or necessary
_____

extraordinary

  ad. far greater or better than the usual or normal
_____

extreme

  ad. more than the usual or accepted
_____

extremist

  n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an
  extreme or violent way
_____

face

  n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to
  turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger
_____

fact

  n. something known or proved to be true
_____

factory

  n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made
_____

fail

  v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal
_____

fair

  ad. just; honest; what is right
_____

fall

  v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower
  position
_____

false

  ad. not true; not correct
_____

family

  n. the group that includes children and their parents
_____

famous

  ad. known very well to many people
_____

fan

  n. a person who actively supports a sport, activity or performer (“The
  baseball fan attended every game his team played.”)
_____

far

  ad. at, to or from a great distance
_____

farm

  n. land used to grow crops and animals for food
_____

fast

  ad. moving or working at great speed; quick
_____

fat

  n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and
  to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy
_____

father

  n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children
_____

favorite

  ad. liked more than others (“Ice cream was her favorite food.”)
_____

fear

  v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen
  ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger
  or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.")
_____

federal

  ad. of or having to do with a national or central government
_____

feed

  v. to give food to
_____

feel

  v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching
_____

female

  n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women
_____

fence

  n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or
  out
_____

fertile

  ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much
_____

few

  ad. not many; a small number of
_____

field

  n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise
  animals
_____

fierce

  ad. extremely strong; violent; angry
_____

fight

  v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy;
  n. the use of force; a battle
_____

fill

  v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for
  no more
_____

film

  v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion
  picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with
  a camera; a movie
_____

final

  ad. at the end; last
_____

financial

  ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit,
  investments and banks
_____

find

  v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to
  decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.")
_____

fine

  n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad.
  very good; very small or thin
_____

finish

  v. to complete; to end
_____

fire

  v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning
_____

fireworks

  n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday
  celebrations
_____

firm

  ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.")
_____

first

  ad. coming before all others
_____

fish

  n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water
_____

fit

  v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.")
_____

fix

  v. to make good or right again
_____

flag

  n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or
  organization
_____

flat

  ad. smooth; having no high places
_____

flee

  v. to run away from
_____

float

  v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water
  or through air
_____

flood

  v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake
  or ocean onto land
_____

floor

  n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the
  floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.")
_____

flow

  v. to move like a liquid
_____

flower

  n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds
_____

fluid

  n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid
_____

fly

  v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to
  travel in an airplane or flying vehicle
_____

fog

  n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close
  to the ground
_____

follow

  v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey
_____

food

  n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength
  and growth
_____

fool

  v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a
  person who is tricked easily
_____

foot

  n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the
  ground when a person or animal walks
_____

for

  prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me
  one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for
  one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be
  employed by ("She works for a computer company.")
_____

force

  v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using
  power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object;
  military power of a nation; a military group
_____

foreign

  ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or
  country
_____

forest

  n. a place of many trees
_____

forget

  v. to not remember
_____

forgive

  v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt
_____

form

  v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind
  ("Swimming is a form of exercise.")
_____

former

  ad. earlier in time; not now
_____

forward

  ad. the direction in front of; toward the front
_____

free

  v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not
  in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost
_____

freedom

  n. the condition of being free
_____

freeze

  v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold
_____

fresh

  ad. newly made or gathered; recent
_____

friend

  n. a person one likes and trusts
_____

frighten

  v. to cause great fear
_____

from

  prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is
  a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The
  school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is
  suffering from cancer.")
_____

front

  n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first
  part
_____

fruit

  n. food from trees and plants
_____

fuel

  n. any substance burned to create heat or power
_____

full

  ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete
_____

fun

  n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness
_____

funeral

  n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the
  dead
_____

future

  n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the
  time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.")
_____

gain

  v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase
_____

game

  n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete,
  usually sports
_____

gas

  n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns
  to provide heat, light or power
_____

gather

  v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect
_____

general

  n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including
  all or almost all
_____

generation

  n. a group of individuals born and living at about the same time.
  ("The mother and daughter represented two generations.")
_____

genocide

  n. a plan of action to kill or destroy a national, religious, racial
  or ethnic group
_____

gentle

  ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent
_____

get

  v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the
  owner of
_____

gift

  n. something given without cost
_____

girl

  n. a young female person
_____

give

  v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment
_____

glass

  n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for
  windows or for containers to hold liquids
_____

go

  v. to move from one place to another; to leave
_____

goal

  n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at;
  the end of a trip or race
_____

god

  n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe
  in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have
  special powers
_____

gold

  n. a highly valued yellow metal
_____

good

  ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad
_____

goods

  n. things owned or made to be sold
_____

govern

  v. to control; to rule by military or political power
_____

government

  n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a
  country, city or area
_____

grain

  n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and
  corn; those plants that produce the seeds
_____

grass

  n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves
_____

gray

  ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white
_____

great

  ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good;
  important
_____

green

  ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having
  the color like that of growing leaves and grass
_____

grind

  v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing
_____

ground

  n. land; the earth's surface; soil
_____

group

  n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people
  working for a common purpose
_____

grow

  v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount
_____

guarantee

  v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen
_____

guard

  v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the
  president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a
  prison guard.")
_____

guerrilla

  n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against
  an official army or police
_____

guide

  v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way
_____

guilty

  ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible
  for a bad action
_____

gun

  n. a weapon that shoots bullets
_____

hair

  n. the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the
  head
_____

half

  n. one of two equal parts of something
_____

halt

  v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop
_____

hang

  v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower
  part is not; to kill by hanging
_____

happen

  v. to become a fact or event; to take place
_____

happy

  ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad
_____

hard

  ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand;
  needing much effort or force
_____

harm

  v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt
_____

harvest

  v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered
_____

hat

  n. a head cover
_____

hate

  v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite
  love
_____

have

  v. to possess; to own; to hold
_____

he

  pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about
_____

head

  v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something;
  the highest position
_____

headquarters

  n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a
  business or organization
_____

heal

  v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well
_____

health

  n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being
  free from sickness or disease
_____

hear

  v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about
_____

heat

  v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by
  burning fuel; energy from the sun
_____

heavy

  ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force
_____

helicopter

  n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one
  place above the ground
_____

help

  v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid
_____

here

  ad. in, to or at this place
_____

hero

  n. a person honored for being brave or wise
_____

hide

  v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret
_____

high

  ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others
_____

hijack

  v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force
_____

hill

  n. a small mountain
_____

history

  n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the
  past
_____

hit

  v. to strike; to touch with force
_____

hold

  v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one
  position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to
  organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.")
_____

hole

  n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something
_____

holiday

  n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to
  honor or remember a person or event
_____

holy

  ad. greatly honored in religion
_____

home

  n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the
  place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one
  lives
_____

honest

  ad. truthful; able to be trusted
_____

honor

  v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's
  parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He
  received many honors for his efforts to help others.")
_____

hope

  v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will
  happen as wanted; to want something to happen
_____

horrible

  ad. causing great fear; terrible
_____

horse

  n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work
_____

hospital

  n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care
_____

hostage

  n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise
  will be honored
_____

hostile

  ad. ready to fight; ready for war
_____

hot

  ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature
_____

hotel

  n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers
_____

hour

  n. a measure of time; sixty minutes
_____

house

  n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or
  lawmaking group ("House of Representatives")
_____

how

  ad. in what way; to what amount
_____

however

  conj. yet; but
_____

huge

  ad. very big; of great size
_____

human

  ad. of or about people
_____

humor

  n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh
_____

hunger

  n. the need for food
_____

hunt

  v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to
  find
_____

hurry

  v. to do or go fast
_____

hurt

  v. to cause pain, injury or damage
_____

husband

  n. a man who is married
_____

I

  pro. the person speaking
_____

ice

  n. frozen water
_____

idea

  n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief
_____

identify

  v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are
_____

if

  conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.")
_____

ignore

  v. to pay no attention to or refuse to consider (“The president
  ignored the protesters outside his office.”)
_____

illegal

  ad. not legal; in violation of a law
_____

imagine

  v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea
_____

immediate

  ad. without delay; very near in time or place
_____

immigrant

  n. a person who arrives in a country to live there
_____

import

  v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another
  country, usually for sale
_____

important

  ad. having great meaning, value or power
_____

improve

  v. to make better; to become better
_____

in

  prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during
_____

incident

  n. an event or something that happens
_____

incite

  v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or
  violent
_____

include

  v. to have; to make a part of
_____

increase

  v. to make more in size or amount
_____

independent

  ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free;
  separate
_____

individual

  n. one person
_____

industry

  n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and
  related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved
  in manufacturing
_____

infect

  v. to make sick with something that causes disease
_____

inflation

  n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down
_____

influence

  v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change
_____

inform

  v. to tell; to give knowledge to
_____

information

  n. knowledge; facts
_____

inject

  v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the
  body through the skin
_____

injure

  v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal
_____

innocent

  ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action
_____

insane

  ad. mentally sick
_____

insect

  n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with
  wings
_____

inspect

  v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert
_____

instead

  ad. in the place of; taking the place of
_____

instrument

  n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something
_____

insult

  v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry
  or dishonored
_____

intelligence

  n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying
_____

intelligent

  ad. quick to understand or learn
_____

intense

  ad. very strong; extremely serious
_____

interest

  n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests."
  "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a
  business; money paid for the use of money borrowed
_____

interfere

  v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the
  activities of others, especially when not asked to do so
_____

international

  ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole
  world
_____

Internet

  n. the extensive communications system that connects computers around
  the world
_____

intervene

  v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve
_____

invade

  v. to enter an area or country by force with an army
_____

invent

  v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing
  or way of doing something
_____

invest

  v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making
  more money
_____

investigate

  v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or
  charge; to search for the truth
_____

invite

  v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or
  gathering
_____

involve

  v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include
_____

iron

  n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools
_____

island

  n. a land area with water all around it
_____

issue

  n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or
  arguing about
_____

it

  pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The
  sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.")
_____

jail

  n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those
  serving sentences for crimes that are not serious
_____

jewel

  n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald
_____

job

  n. the work that one does to earn money
_____

join

  v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of
_____

joint

  ad. shared by two or more
_____

joke

  n. something done or said to cause others to laugh
_____

judge

  v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal
  one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court
_____

jump

  v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air
_____

jury

  n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial
_____

just

  ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after
  the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I
  came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")
_____

justice

  n. the quality of being right, fair or lawful
_____

keep

  v. to possess; to have for oneself
_____

kick

  v. to hit with the foot
_____

kidnap

  v. to seize and take away by force
_____

kill

  v. to make dead; to cause to die
_____

kind

  n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful
_____

kiss

  v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor
_____

knife

  n. a tool or weapon used to cut
_____

know

  v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to
  recognize someone because you have met and talked together before
_____

knowledge

  n. that which is known; learning or understanding
_____

labor

  n. work; workers as a group
_____

laboratory

  n. a room or place where experiments in science are done
_____

lack

  v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having
_____

lake

  n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land
_____

land

  v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports.");
  n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground
_____

language

  n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or
  group
_____

large

  ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite
  small
_____

last

  v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all
  others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.")
_____

late

  ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early
_____

laugh

  v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings
_____

launch

  v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space
_____

law

  n. all or any rules made by a government
_____

lead

  v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first
_____

leak

  v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole
  (usually a gas or liquid)
_____

learn

  v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts
_____

leave

  v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is
_____

left

  ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north;
  opposite right
_____

legal

  ad. of or in agreement with the law
_____

legislature

  n. a government lawmaking group
_____

lend

  v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of
  money
_____

less

  ad. smaller in amount; not as much
_____

let

  v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible
_____

letter

  n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to
  another person
_____

level

  n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the
  position of something or someone
_____

liberal

  ad. one who usually supports social progress or change
_____

lie

  v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something
  that one knows is not true
_____

life

  n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living
  things
_____

lift

  v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level
_____

light

  n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see;
  anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy
_____

lightning

  n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm
_____

like

  v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something;
  ad. in the same way as; similar to
_____

limit

  v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number
  permitted
_____

line

  n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things
  organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by
  military forces
_____

link

  v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation
  between two or more things, situations or events
_____

liquid

  n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like
  water
_____

list

  v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a
  written series of names or things
_____

listen

  v. to try to hear
_____

literature

  n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a
  country
_____

little

  ad. not tall or big; a small amount
_____

live

  v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive
_____

load

  v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is
  carried
_____

loan

  n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest
  payments; something borrowed
_____

local

  ad. about or having to do with one place
_____

lonely

  ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a
  lonely man")
_____

long

  ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for
  much time
_____

look

  v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to
  seem to be
_____

lose

  v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated
_____

loud

  ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise
_____

love

  v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes
  involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something;
  opposite hate
_____

low

  ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground
_____

loyal

  ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something
_____

luck

  n. something that happens by chance
_____

machine

  n. a device with moving parts used to do work
_____

magazine

  n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information
_____

mail

  n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system,
  such as a post office
_____

main

  ad. the most important or largest
_____

major

  ad. great in size, importance or amount
_____

majority

  n. the greater number; more than half
_____

make

  v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an
  action; to cause to be or to become
_____

male

  n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or
  about men
_____

man

  n. an adult male human
_____

manufacture

  v. to make goods in large amounts
_____

many

  ad. a large number or amount of
_____

map

  n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it
_____

march

  v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group
  to protest about something
_____

mark

  v. to make a sign or cut on something
_____

market

  n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic
  system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are
  and how much money people are willing to pay for them
_____

marry

  v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become
  husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony)
_____

mass

  n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large
  size
_____

mate

  v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature
_____

material

  n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or
  from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone;
  anything that can be made into something else
_____

mathematics

  n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by
  numbers and signs
_____

matter

  n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of
_____

may

  v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I
  go?" "They may leave tomorrow.")
_____

mayor

  n. the chief official of a city or town government
_____

meal

  n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner
_____

mean

  v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of
_____

measure

  v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action
  taken; a legislative proposal
_____

meat

  n. the part of a dead animal used for food
_____

media

  n. all public information organizations, including newspapers,
  television and radio
_____

medicine

  n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or
  study of treating and curing disease or improving health
_____

meet

  v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and
  place
_____

melt

  v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it
_____

member

  n. one of a group
_____

memorial

  n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event
_____

memory

  n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a
  thing remembered
_____

mental

  ad. about or having to do with the mind
_____

message

  n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to
  another person or group
_____

metal

  n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold
_____

method

  n. the way something is done
_____

microscope

  n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be
  studied
_____

middle

  n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or
  ends; ad. in the center
_____

militant

  n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the
  use of force or violence
_____

military

  n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed
  forces
_____

militia

  n. an army of citizens instead of professional soldiers; an armed
  force or private army
_____

milk

  n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young
_____

mind

  n. the thinking, feeling part of a person
_____

mine

  v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place
  in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the
  ground or under water so it cannot be seen
_____

mineral

  n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such
  as coal or salt
_____

minister

  n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime
  minister,"foreign minister")
_____

minor

  ad. small in size; of little importance
_____

minority

  n. the smaller number; opposite majority
_____

minute

  n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty
  seconds
_____

miss

  v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet
_____

missile

  n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes
  when it reaches its target
_____

missing

  ad. lost; not found
_____

mistake

  n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge
  that it was wrong
_____

mix

  v. to put different things together to make one thing
_____

mob

  n. a large group of wild or angry people
_____

model

  n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something
  will look or work
_____

moderate

  ad. not extreme
_____

modern

  ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved
_____

money

  n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things
_____

month

  n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided
_____

moon

  n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth
  about every twenty-nine days
_____

moral

  ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions
_____

more

  ad. greater in size or amount
_____

morning

  n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon
_____

most

  ad. greatest in size or amount
_____

mother

  n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children
_____

motion

  n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place
_____

mountain

  n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around
  it
_____

mourn

  v. to express or feel sadness
_____

move

  v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go
_____

movement

  n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts
  to reach a goal
_____

movie

  n. a motion picture; a film
_____

much

  ad. great in amount
_____

murder

  v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another
  person
_____

music

  n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument
_____

must

  v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to
  school.")
_____

mystery

  n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a
  secret
_____

name

  v. to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word by which a
  person, animal or thing is known or called
_____

narrow

  ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from
  one side to the other
_____

nation

  n. a country, together with its social and political systems
_____

native

  n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there
_____

natural

  ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind
_____

nature

  n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by
  humans; events or processes not caused by humans
_____

navy

  n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea
_____

near

  ad. not far; close to
_____

necessary

  ad. needed to get a result or effect; required
_____

need

  v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do
_____

negotiate

  v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution
_____

neighbor

  n. a person or country that is next to or near another
_____

neither

  ad. not one or the other of two
_____

neutral

  ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute
_____

never

  ad. at no time; not ever
_____

new

  ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built,
  bought or grown; another; different
_____

news

  n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the
  media
_____

next

  ad. coming immediately after; nearest
_____

nice

  ad. pleasing; good; kind
_____

night

  n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when
  there is little or no light
_____

no

  ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all
_____

noise

  n. sound, especially when loud
_____

nominate

  v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person
  for an office or position
_____

noon

  n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime
_____

normal

  n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected
_____

north

  n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun
_____

not

  ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not
  going.")
_____

note

  v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written
  to help a person remember; a short letter
_____

nothing

  n. not anything; no thing
_____

now

  ad. at this time; immediately
_____

nowhere

  ad. not in, to or at any place
_____

nuclear

  ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing
  them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from
  atoms
_____

number

  n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things
_____

obey

  v. to act as one is ordered to act
_____

object

  v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something
  not alive that can be seen or touched
_____

observe

  v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something
  ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")
_____

occupy

  v. to take and hold or to control by force
_____

ocean

  n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of
  the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water
_____

of

  prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among
_____

off

  ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer
  operating or continuing; not on; not connected
_____

offensive

  n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking
_____

offer

  v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that
  which is presented or proposed
_____

office

  n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public
  position to which one is elected or appointed
_____

officer

  n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a
  member of a police force
_____

official

  n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an
  organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the
  government or someone in power
_____

often

  ad. many times
_____

oil

  n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily;
  a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel
_____

old

  ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years
_____

on

  prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book
  is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The
  report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on
  Wednesday.")
_____

once

  ad. one time only
_____

only

  ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two
  dollars.")
_____

open

  v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret
_____

operate

  v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons
_____

opinion

  n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking
_____

oppose

  v. to be against; to fight against
_____

opposite

  ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the
  other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.")
_____

oppress

  v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel
  force or power
_____

or

  conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several
  choices
_____

orbit

  v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or
  way an object travels in space around another object or planet
_____

order

  v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the
  correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in
  which people obey laws
_____

organize

  v. to put in order; to put together into a system
_____

other

  ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or
  more ">("That man is short; the other is tall.")
_____

our

  ad. of or belonging to us
_____

oust

  v. to force to leave; to remove by force
_____

out

  ad. away from the inside; opposite of in
_____

over

  conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the
  world")
_____

overthrow

  v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force
_____

owe

  v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something
  received
_____

own

  v. to have or possess for oneself
_____

pain

  n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body
_____

paint

  v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors;
  n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface
_____

paper

  n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for
  writing
_____

parachute

  n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an
  airplane or helicopter to the ground
_____

parade

  n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a
  special event or anniversary
_____

pardon

  v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment
_____

parent

  n. a father or mother
_____

parliament

  n. a government lawmaking group
_____

part

  n. something less than the whole; not all of something
_____

partner

  n. a person who takes part in some activity in common with another or
  others. (“The two men were business partners.”)
_____

party

  n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group
  of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment
_____

pass

  v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or
  permit to go
_____

passenger

  n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the
  pilot or driver
_____

passport

  n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country
_____

past

  n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before;
  former
_____

path

  n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves
_____

patient

  n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
_____

pay

  v. to give money for work done or for something bought
_____

peace

  n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet
_____

people

  n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or
  nation ("the American people")
_____

percent

  n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.")
_____

perfect

  ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good;
  without mistakes
_____

perform

  v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others
_____

period

  n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions
_____

permanent

  ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time
_____

permit

  v. to let; to make possible
_____

person

  n. a man, woman or child
_____

persuade

  v. to cause someone to do something by explaining or urging. (“The
  police persuaded the criminal to surrender his weapon.”)
_____

physical

  ad. of the body
_____

physics

  n. the study of motion, matter and energy
_____

picture

  n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or
  representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is
  made with a camera
_____

piece

  n. a part of something larger
_____

pig

  n. a farm animal used for its meat
_____

pilot

  n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
_____

pipe

  n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas
_____

place

  v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space
  where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country
_____

plan

  v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing
  something ">("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or
  developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.")
_____

planet

  n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")
_____

plant

  v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground
  which gets its food from air, water and earth
_____

plastic

  n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into
  things
_____

play

  v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on
  an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater
_____

please

  v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment
_____

plenty

  n. all that is needed; a large enough amount
_____

plot

  v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or
  illegal
_____

poem

  n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express
  emotions
_____

point

  v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something
_____

poison

  n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health
_____

police

  n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping
  order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency
_____

policy

  n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make
  decisions in politics, economics or business
_____

politics

  n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office
_____

pollute

  v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or
  water
_____

poor

  n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad
  quality
_____

popular

  ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public
_____

population

  n. all the people in a place, city or country
_____

port

  n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where
  ships can be safe from a storm
_____

position

  n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or
  placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization
_____

possess

  v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by
_____

possible

  ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen
_____

postpone

  v. to delay action until a later time
_____

pour

  v. to flow; to cause to flow
_____

poverty

  n. the condition of being poor
_____

power

  n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling
  force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the
  wheel.")
_____

praise

  v. to say good things about; to approve
_____

pray

  v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit
_____

predict

  v. to say what one believes will happen in the future. (“The weather
  scientist predicted a cold winter.”)
_____

pregnant

  ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to
  give birth to a baby
_____

present

  v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the
  committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their
  anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at
  a place ("I was present at school yesterday.")
_____

president

  n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of
  an organization
_____

press

  v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications
_____

pressure

  n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against
  something else
_____

prevent

  v. to keep or stop from going or happening
_____

price

  n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered
  for sale
_____

prison

  n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime
_____

private

  ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public
_____

prize

  n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that
  one must work hard for to get
_____

probably

  ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible
_____

problem

  n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer
_____

process

  n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result
_____

produce

  v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture
_____

profession

  n. a job that requires special training
_____

professor

  n. a teacher at a college or university
_____

profit

  n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of
  that activity
_____

program

  n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or
  show
_____

progress

  n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal
_____

project

  n. a planned effort to do something
_____

promise

  v. to say one will do something; n. a spoken or written agreement to
  do something
_____

propaganda

  n. ideas or information used to influence opinions
_____

property

  n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods
_____

propose

  v. to present or offer for consideration
_____

protect

  v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged
_____

protest

  v. to speak against; to object
_____

prove

  v. to show to be true
_____

provide

  v. to give something needed or wanted
_____

public

  ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite
  private
_____

publication

  n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine
_____

publish

  v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a
  book, newspaper or magazine
_____

pull

  v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the
  force; opposite push
_____

pump

  v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through
_____

punish

  v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal
_____

purchase

  v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which
  is bought
_____

pure

  ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean
_____

purpose

  n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal
_____

push

  v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using
  the force; opposite pull
_____

put

  v. to place; to set in position
_____

quality

  n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality
  of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their
  goods are of the highest quality.")
_____

question

  v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used
  in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed
_____

quick

  ad. fast
_____

quiet

  ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm
_____

race

  v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can
  move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one
  of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a
  common physical similarity, such as skin color
_____

radar

  n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of
  objects that may be too far away to be seen
_____

radiation

  n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy
  from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous
_____

radio

  n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the
  air without wires
_____

raid

  v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act
  of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something
_____

railroad

  n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its
  stations and equipment
_____

rain

  n. water falling from the sky
_____

raise

  v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to
  increase
_____

rape

  v. to carry out a sexual attack by force against a person
_____

rare

  ad. not common; not usual; not often
_____

rate

  n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the
  price of any thing or service that is bought or sold
_____

reach

  v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to
_____

react

  v. to act as a result of or in answer to
_____

read

  v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers
_____

ready

  ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing
_____

real

  ad. true; truly existing; not false
_____

realistic

  ad. in agreement with the way things are
_____

reason

  n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains
_____

reasonable

  ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing
  to compromise
_____

rebel

  v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse
  to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or
  her country
_____

receive

  v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent
_____

recent

  ad. a short time ago
_____

recession

  n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce
  less and many workers lose their jobs
_____

recognize

  v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known
  about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and
  establish diplomatic ties with its government
_____

record

  v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound
  or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a
  writing that shows proof or facts about something
_____

recover

  v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The
  police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or
  normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.")
_____

red

  ad. having the color like that of blood
_____

reduce

  v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut
_____

reform

  v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better
  condition
_____

refugee

  n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment,
  danger or war
_____

refuse

  v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something
_____

register

  v. to have one’s name officially placed on a list of people permitted
  to vote in an election or take part in an educational program
_____

regret

  n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that
  happens
_____

reject

  v. to refuse to accept, use or believe
_____

relations

  n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family;
  people connected by marriage or family ties
_____

release

  v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public
_____

religion

  n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods
_____

remain

  v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same
_____

remains

  n. a dead body
_____

remember

  v. to think about the past; opposite forget
_____

remove

  v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a
  position or office
_____

repair

  n. work done to fix something
_____

repeat

  v. to say or do again
_____

report

  v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n.
  the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a
  statement in which the facts may not be confirmed
_____

represent

  v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as
  an example
_____

repress

  v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force
_____

request

  v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for
_____

require

  v. to need or demand as necessary
_____

rescue

  v. to free from danger or evil
_____

research

  n. a careful study to discover correct information
_____

resign

  v. to leave a position, job or office
_____

resist

  v. to oppose; to fight to prevent
_____

resolution

  n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually
  reached by voting
_____

resource

  n. anything of value that can be used or sold
_____

respect

  v. to feel or show honor to a person or thing (“All citizens should
  respect the law.”)
_____

responsible

  ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the
  report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the
  accident.")
_____

rest

  v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which
  remains; the others
_____

restaurant

  n. a place where people can buy and eat meals
_____

restrain

  v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group
_____

restrict

  v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger
_____

result

  v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a
  cause; effect
_____

retire

  v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health
_____

return

  v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back
_____

revolt

  v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of
  government
_____

rice

  n. a food grain
_____

rich

  ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something
_____

ride

  v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled
  vehicle, airplane or boat
_____

right

  n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It
  is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct;
  opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing
  north; opposite left
_____

riot

  v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a
  violent action by a large group of people
_____

rise

  v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of
  sitting or lying to a position of standing
_____

risk

  n. the chance of loss, damage or injury
_____

river

  n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river,
  a lake or an ocean
_____

road

  n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can
  walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other
_____

rob

  v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal
_____

rock

  n. a hard piece of mineral matter
_____

rocket

  n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by
  burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom,
  sometimes used as a weapon
_____

roll

  v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball
_____

room

  n. a separate area within a building with its own walls
_____

root

  n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients
  from the soil
_____

rope

  n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of
  material, used for tying
_____

rough

  ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made
  well
_____

round

  ad. having the shape of a ball or circle
_____

rub

  v. to move something over the surface of another thing
_____

rubber

  n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a
  similar substance made from chemicals
_____

ruin

  v. to damage severely; to destroy
_____

rule

  v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that
  says how something must be done
_____

run

  v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking
_____

rural

  ad. describing areas away from cities which may include farms, small
  towns and unpopulated areas
_____

sabotage

  v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation
  ("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.")
_____

sacrifice

  v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea,
  goal or another person
_____

sad

  ad. not happy
_____

safe

  ad. away from harm or danger
_____

sail

  v. to travel by boat or ship
_____

sailor

  n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship
_____

salt

  n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to
  affect the taste of food
_____

same

  ad. not different; not changed; like another or others
_____

sand

  n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in
  deserts and on coasts
_____

satellite

  n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an
  object placed in orbit around the earth
_____

satisfy

  v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded
_____

save

  v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use
_____

say

  v. to speak; to express in words
_____

school

  n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn
_____

science

  n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the
  knowledge gained about them
_____

sea

  n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean
_____

search

  v. to look for carefully
_____

season

  n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's
  position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of
  time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy
  season"); a period during the year when something usually happens
  ("baseball season")
_____

seat

  n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a
  seat in parliament")
_____

second

  ad. the one that comes after the first
_____

secret

  n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad.
  hidden from others; known only to a few
_____

security

  n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to
  protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")
_____

see

  v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know
_____

seed

  n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow
_____

seek(ing)

  v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to
  get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do
  ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")
_____

seem

  v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")
_____

seize

  v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest
_____

self

  n. all that which makes one person different from others
_____

sell

  v. to give something in exchange for money
_____

Senate

  n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries,
  such as in the United States Congress
_____

send

  v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or
  directed to or away from a place
_____

sense

  v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n.
  any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel
_____

sentence

  v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a
  crime
_____

separate

  v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent
  from others; ad. not together or connected; different
_____

series

  n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another
  in time, position or order
_____

serious

  ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous
_____

serve

  v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist
  or help
_____

service

  n. an organization or system that provides something for the public
  ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an
  organization or business can do for money; military organizations such
  as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony
_____

set

  v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit
_____

settle

  v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a
  new place
_____

several

  ad. three or more, but not many
_____

severe

  ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage
_____

sex

  n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals
  are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical
  activity by which humans and animals can produce young
_____

shake

  v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements
_____

shape

  v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks
_____

share

  v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging
  to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the
  equal parts of ownership of a business or company
_____

sharp

  ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing
  hurt or pain
_____

she

  pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about
_____

sheep

  n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair
_____

shell

  v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large
  gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover
_____

shelter

  v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives
  protection; a place of safety
_____

shine

  v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to
  make bright
_____

ship

  v. to transport; n. a large boat
_____

shock

  v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly
  affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake
_____

shoe

  n. a covering for the foot
_____

shoot

  v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to
  kill; to use a gun
_____

short

  ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall
_____

should

  v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We
  should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that
  something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be
  punished.")
_____

shout

  v. to speak very loudly
_____

show

  v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story
  presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for
  enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public
_____

shrink

  v. to make or become less in size, weight or value
_____

sick

  ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem;
  not in good health
_____

sickness

  n. the condition of being in bad health
_____

side

  n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom;
  parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body
_____

sign

  v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something;
  evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of
  material with writing that gives information
_____

signal

  v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a
  message
_____

silence

  v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of
  noise or sound
_____

silver

  n. a valued white metal
_____

similar

  ad. like something else but not exactly the same
_____

simple

  ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex
_____

since

  prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we
  went to school together.")
_____

sing

  v. to make music sounds with the voice
_____

single

  ad. one only
_____

sink

  v. to go down into water or other liquid
_____

sister

  n. a female with the same father or mother as another person
_____

sit

  v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the
  legs; to become seated
_____

situation

  n. the way things are during a period of time
_____

size

  n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something
  is
_____

skeleton

  n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal
  positions
_____

skill

  n. the ability gained from training or experience
_____

skin

  n. the outer covering of humans and most animals
_____

sky

  n. the space above the earth
_____

slave

  n. a person owned or controlled by another
_____

sleep

  v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed
_____

slide

  v. to move smoothly over a surface
_____

slow

  v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other
  activities
_____

small

  ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite
  large
_____

smash

  v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move
  with >force
_____

smell

  v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the
  smell of food cooking")
_____

smoke

  v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and
  breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air
  like a cloud from something burning
_____

smooth

  ad. having a level surface; opposite rough
_____

snow

  n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually
  in winter or when the air temperature is very cold
_____

so

  ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it.");
  also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick.");
  as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in
  order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the
  plans.")
_____

social

  ad. of or about people or a group
_____

soft

  ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud
_____

soil

  n. earth in which plants grow
_____

soldier

  n. a person in the army
_____

solid

  ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in
  the form of a liquid or gas
_____

solve

  v. to find an answer; to settle
_____

some

  ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all
_____

son

  n. a person's male child
_____

soon

  ad. not long after the present time; quickly
_____

sort

  n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in
  some way; a kind of something
_____

sound

  n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in
  hearing; that which is heard
_____

south

  n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun
_____

space

  n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon,
  planets and stars are; the area between or inside things
_____

speak

  v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to
  others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group
_____

special

  ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or
  more important than others of the same kind
_____

speech

  n. a talk given to a group of people
_____

speed

  v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something
  moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done
_____

spend

  v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.")
_____

spill

  v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident
_____

spirit

  n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to
  thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain
  alive after death
_____

split

  v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts
_____

sport

  n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or
  skill
_____

spread

  v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known
_____

spring

  n. the time of the year between winter and summer
_____

spy

  v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others
  secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information
  about another country
_____

square

  n. a flat shape having four equal sides
_____

stab

  v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon
_____

stand

  v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a
  surface; to be in one position or place
_____

star

  n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at
  night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or
  singer
_____

start

  v. to begin; to make something begin
_____

starve

  v. to suffer or die from a lack of food
_____

state

  v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation
_____

station

  n. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place
  where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or
  television broadcasts
_____

statue

  n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone,
  wood or metal
_____

stay

  v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live
  for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.")
_____

steal

  v. to take without permission or paying
_____

steam

  n. the gas that comes from hot water
_____

steel

  n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances
_____

step

  v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n.
  the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a
  goal
_____

stick

  v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will
  hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement
  is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece
  of wood
_____

still

  ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a
  stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was
  difficult, but she still wanted to do it.")
_____

stone

  n. a small piece of rock
_____

stop

  v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end
_____

store

  v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy
  things
_____

storm

  n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow
_____

story

  n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined
_____

stove

  n. a heating device used for cooking
_____

straight

  ad. continuing in one direction without turns
_____

strange

  ad. unusual; not normal; not known
_____

street

  n. a road in a city, town or village
_____

stretch

  v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider
_____

strike

  v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions,
  more pay or to make other demands
_____

strong

  ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed
_____

structure

  n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is
  formed or organized in a special way; a building
_____

struggle

  v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight
_____

study

  v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine
  carefully
_____

stupid

  ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent
_____

subject

  n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about
_____

submarine

  n. an underwater ship
_____

substance

  n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)
_____

substitute

  v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used
  in place of another
_____

subversion

  n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government,
  usually secretly
_____

succeed

  v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result
_____

such

  ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to
_____

sudden

  ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or
  without preparation
_____

suffer

  v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or
  sadness
_____

sugar

  n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants
_____

suggest

  v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider
_____

suicide

  n. the act of killing oneself
_____

summer

  n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn
_____

sun

  n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth
_____

supervise

  v. to direct and observe the work of others
_____

supply

  v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given
  or sold to others
_____

support

  v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with
  others and help them reach a goal; to approve
_____

suppose

  v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to
  expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.")
_____

suppress

  v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from
  being known publicly
_____

sure

  ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question
_____

surface

  n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the
  surface of the moon.")
_____

surplus

  n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a
  trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.")
_____

surprise

  v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n.
  something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected
_____

surrender

  v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others;
  to stop fighting and admit defeat
_____

surround

  v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or
  something
_____

survive

  v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation
_____

suspect

  v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or
  illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty
_____

suspend

  v. to cause to stop for a period of time
_____

swallow

  v. to take into the stomach through the mouth
_____

swear in

  v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to
  carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in
  the president.")
_____

sweet

  ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar
_____

swim

  v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs
_____

sympathy

  n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually
  feelings of sadness
_____

system

  n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a
  plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a
  common purpose or goal
_____

take

  v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move
  it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to
  begin to be in control ("The president takes office tomorrow.")
_____

talk

  v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion
_____

tall

  ad. higher than others; opposite short
_____

tank

  n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle
  with guns
_____

target

  n. any person or object aimed at or fired at
_____

taste

  v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.")
_____

tax

  n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the
  government can provide services
_____

tea

  n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
_____

teach

  v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to
  understand
_____

team

  n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports
_____

tear

  v. to pull apart, often by force
_____

technical

  ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry,
  transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of
  subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this
  system works.")
_____

technology

  n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and
  services
_____

telephone

  n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over
  distances
_____

telescope

  n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and
  larger
_____

television

  n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into
  pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by
  electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on
  a receiver
_____

tell

  v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to
  command
_____

temperature

  n. the measurement of heat and cold
_____

temporary

  ad. lasting only a short time
_____

tense

  ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm
_____

term

  n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries
  out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the
  conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved
  in it
_____

terrible

  ad. very bad; causing terror or fear
_____

territory

  n. a large area of land
_____

terror

  n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear
_____

terrorist

  n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a
  way to influence a government
_____

test

  v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will
  act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine
  soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how
  it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes
  place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a
  person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.")
_____

than

  conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are
  not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.")
_____

thank

  v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that
  person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.")
_____

that

  ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man
  is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about
  ("The building that I saw was very large.")
_____

the

  pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing
  that is known about or is being spoken about
_____

theater

  n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed
_____

them

  pro. other people being spoken about
_____

then

  ad. at that time; existing; and so
_____

theory

  n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something
  happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven
  ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of
  dinosaurs.")
_____

there

  ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place
_____

these

  pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been
  spoken about already
_____

they

  pro. those ones being spoken about
_____

thick

  ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall
  is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest
  is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow
  easily; opposite thin
_____

thin

  ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat;
  not wide; opposite thick
_____

thing

  n. any object
_____

think

  v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to
  believe
_____

third

  ad. coming after two others
_____

this

  pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been
  spoken about already
_____

threaten

  v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage
_____

through

  prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top
  to bottom; with the help of; by
_____

throw

  v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm
_____

tie

  v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins
  or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade
  ties.")
_____

time

  n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period
  that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a
  period when an event should or will take place
_____

tired

  ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or
  rest
_____

to

  prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place
  toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose
_____

today

  n. this day
_____

together

  ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation
_____

tomorrow

  n. the day after today
_____

tonight

  n. this night
_____

too

  ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary
_____

tool

  n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work
_____

top

  n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something
_____

torture

  v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to
  harm, to punish or to get information from
_____

total

  n. the complete amount
_____

touch

  v. to put the hand or fingers on
_____

toward

  prep. in the direction of; leading to
_____

town

  n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large
  as a city
_____

trade

  v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity
  of buying, selling or exchanging products or services
_____

tradition

  n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time
_____

traffic

  n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or
  waterway
_____

tragic

  ad. extremely sad; terrible
_____

train

  v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity;
  n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad
_____

transport

  v. to move goods or people from one place to another
_____

transportation

  n. the act or business of moving goods or people
_____

trap

  v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or
  escape; n. a device used to catch animals
_____

travel

  v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance
_____

treason

  n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its
  enemies
_____

treasure

  n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value
_____

treat

  v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure
_____

treatment

  n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make
  better
_____

treaty

  n. a written agreement between two or more nations
_____

tree

  n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves
_____

trial

  n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a
  charge is true
_____

tribe

  n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader
_____

trick

  v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or
  her do something
_____

trip

  n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance
_____

troops

  n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group
_____

trouble

  n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems
_____

truce

  n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved
_____

truck

  n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods
_____

true

  ad. correct; not false
_____

trust

  v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm
_____

try

  v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide
  if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime
_____

tube

  n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a
  long, thin container in which they can be kept
_____

turn

  v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change
  color, form or shape
_____

under

  prep. below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law,
  agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action
  is not permitted under the law.")
_____

understand

  v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of
_____

unite

  v. to join together
_____

universe

  n. all of space, including planets and stars
_____

university

  n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and
  research organizations
_____

unless

  conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless
  the rain stops.")
_____

until

  conj. up to a time; before
_____

up

  ad. to, in or at a higher position or value
_____

urge

  v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do
  something
_____

urgent

  ad. needing an immediate decision or action
_____

us

  pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he
  would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us
  yesterday.")
_____

use

  v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action
_____

usual

  ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard
_____

vacation

  n. a holiday; a period of time for travel, pleasure or rest,
  especially one with pay given to an employee
_____

vaccine

  n. a substance containing killed or weakened organisms given to a
  person or animal to produce protection against a disease
_____

valley

  n. a long area of land between higher areas of land
_____

value

  n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of
  money that could be received if something is sold
_____

vegetable

  n. a plant grown for food
_____

vehicle

  n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be
  transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck
_____

version

  n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later
  forms
_____

very

  ad. extremely ("He was very late.")
_____

veto

  v. to reject or refuse to approve
_____

victim

  n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer;
  someone who is tricked
_____

victory

  n. a success in a fight or competition
_____

video

  n. a method of recording images and sound without a traditional film
  camera to be shown on a television, computer or other device
_____

village

  n. a very small town
_____

violate

  v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)
_____

violence

  n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage
_____

visa

  n. the official permission given to a person to enter a country where
  he or she is not a citizen
_____

visit

  v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or
  business reasons
_____

voice

  n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking
_____

volcano

  n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can
  explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air
_____

volunteer

  n. a person who chooses to do something without being asked, usually
  without being paid
_____

vote

  v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision
  expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing
_____

wages

  n. money received for work done
_____

wait

  v. to delay acting; to postpone
_____

walk

  v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other
_____

wall

  n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other
  material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land
_____

want

  v. to desire; to wish for; to need
_____

war

  n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons
_____

warm

  ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat
_____

warn

  v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad
  that may happen
_____

wash

  v. to make clean, usually with water
_____

waste

  v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a
  spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned;
  something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid
  substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the
  body
_____

watch

  v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for
_____

water

  n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes,
  rivers and oceans
_____

wave

  v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the
  wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large
  mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean
_____

way

  n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method
_____

we

  pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I
  will go together, and we will return together.")
_____

weak

  ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite
  strong
_____

wealth

  n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value
_____

weapon

  n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or
  war
_____

wear

  v. to have on the body, as clothes
_____

weather

  n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain,
  heat or cold
_____

Web site

  n. a collection of information prepared by a person or organization on
  the World Wide Web of the Internet
_____

week

  n. a period of time equal to seven days
_____

weigh

  v. to measure how heavy someone or something is
_____

welcome

  v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something
  develops
_____

well

  ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in
  the ground where water, gas or oil can be found
_____

west

  n. the direction in which the sun goes down
_____

wet

  ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry
_____

what

  pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about
  something ("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to
  know what you would like to drink.")
_____

wheat

  n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain
_____

wheel

  n. a round structure that turns around a center
_____

when

  ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj.
  during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.")
_____

where

  ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house
  where he lives is in the old part of the city.")
_____

whether

  conj. if it be the case or fact that (“He did not know whether he was
  right or wrong.”)
_____

which

  pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or
  people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take
  the test?")
_____

while

  n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at
  or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you
  are running.")
_____

white

  ad. having the color like that of milk or snow
_____

who

  pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the
  person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.")
_____

whole

  ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into
  pieces
_____

why

  ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason
  for which ("I do not know why she did it.")
_____

wide

  ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited
_____

wife

  n. a woman who is married
_____

wild

  ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or
  supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled
_____

will

  v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will
  hold talks tomorrow.")
_____

willing

  ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about
  the problem.")
_____

win

  v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition,
  election or battle
_____

wind

  n. a strong movement of air
_____

window

  n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with
  glass
_____

winter

  n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring
_____

wire

  n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry
  electricity or electronic communications from one place to another
_____

wise

  ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and
  understanding to make good or correct decisions
_____

wish

  v. to want; to express a desire for
_____

with

  prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a
  tool."); having ("the house with the red door")
_____

withdraw

  v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove
_____

without

  prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing
_____

witness

  n. a person who saw and can tell about an action or event, sometimes
  in a court of law
_____

woman

  n. an adult female human
_____

wonder

  v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a
  feeling of surprise
_____

wonderful

  ad. causing wonder; especially good
_____

wood

  n. the solid material of which trees are made
_____

word

  n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language
_____

work

  v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the
  effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the
  job one does to earn money
_____

world

  n. the earth; the people who live on the earth
_____

worry

  v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad,
  can happen
_____

worse

  ad. more bad than
_____

worth

  n. value measured in money
_____

wound

  v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal;
  n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is
  usually cut or broken
_____

wreck

  v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly
  damaged or broken
_____

wreckage

  n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed
_____

write

  v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as
  paper
_____

wrong

  ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right
_____

year

  n. a period of time equal to twelve months
_____

yellow

  ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun
_____

yes

  ad. used to express agreement or to permit
_____

yesterday

  n. the day before today
_____

yet

  ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this
  time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was
  shining, yet it was cold.")
_____

you

  pro. the person or persons being spoken to
_____

young

  ad. in the early years of life; not old
_____

zero

  n. the number meaning none or nothing
_____

zoo

  n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study

# COMMON PREFIXES
_____

dis-

  not (dishonest, disobey)
_____

pro-

  for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government)
_____

re-

  to do again (reorganize, reunite)
_____

self-

  used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by
  the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort
  or power (self-declared, self-appointed)
_____

un-

  not (unusual, unhappy)

#COMMON EXPRESSIONS
_____

carry out

  to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.")
_____

pass a bill

  approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.")
_____

take steps

  to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt
  inflation.")

# WORDS USED IN VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH SCIENCE PROGRAMS

_____

atom

  a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that
  can join with parts of other elements
_____

bacteria

  living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a
  microscope; some cause disease
_____

cell

  a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals
_____

chromosome

  a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes
_____

compound

  a substance containing two or more elements
_____

dense

  close together; thick
_____

electron

  a small part of an atom that has an electrical force
_____

element

  one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be
  separated into other substances
_____

enzyme

  a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances
  without being changed itself
_____

fetus

  unborn young
_____

fission

  a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to
  produce nuclear energy
_____

fusion

  a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined
  together to produce nuclear energy
_____

genes

  parts of cells that control the growth and development of living
  things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child;
  genes contain nucleic acid
_____

genetic engineering

  the science of changing the genes of a living organism
_____

gravity

  the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth
_____

image

  a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing
_____

laser

  an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light
_____

magnet

  a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this
  pulling force is called magnetism
_____

molecule

  the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist
_____

nerve

  a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and
  from the brain
_____

nucleus

  the center part of an atom or cell
_____

nucleic acid

  a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life;
  there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and
  RNA (ribonucleic acid)
_____

nutrient

  a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow
_____

organ

  a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or
  brain
_____

organism

  a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a
  microscope
_____

particle

  a very small piece of matter
_____

proteins

  substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged
  tissue
_____

robot

  a machine that moves and performs tasks
_____

tissue

  living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and
  do the same thing
_____

virus

  a kind of organism that causes disease
_____

x-rays

  a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often
  used in medicine

# ORGANS OF THE BODY

_____

heart

  pumps blood through the body
_____

intestines

  tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the
  stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body
_____

kidney

  cleans liquid wastes from the body
_____

liver

  makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood
_____

lung

  takes in and expels air from the body
_____

prostate

  a part of the male reproductive system
_____

stomach

  breaks down food for the body to use
_____

uterus

  a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops