.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
.. include:: header.rst

================
 IPA in gadict.
================
.. contents::

Document version.
=================

.. include:: VERSION.rst

Pronunciation rules for English.
================================

In English written symbol represent different sounds::

  rough [XXX]
  through [XXX]
  bough [XXX]
  though [XXX]
  cough [XXX]

Many linguists argue that English require spelling reform.

Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
=================================

``gadict`` project try to follow OED 2ed (Oxford English Dictionary)
pronunciation for dialect known as RP (Received Pronunciation) and uses IPA for
representation of pronunciation like in Wikipedia project:

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English
                Wikipedia IPA for English.
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English
                This concise chart shows the most common applications of the
                International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent English
                language pronunciations.
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation
                Wiki about RP.
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oed
                Oxford English Dictionary.

Compare:

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_conventions_for_English

Consonants.
-----------

[b]::

  bed [XXX], bird [XXX], baby [XXX]

[p]::

  pen [XXX], people [XXX]

[d]::

  dead [XXX], dust [XXX]

[t]::

  tree [XXX]

[ʧ]::

  XXX

[]::



[f]::

  flow [XXX], fine [XXX]

[g]::

  glove [XXX], give [XXX]

[j]::

  job [XXX]

[k]::

[l]::

[m]::

[n]::

[r]::

[s]::

[ð]::

[θ]::

[ʒ]::

[dʒ]::

[]::

  XXX

Vowels.
-------

[ʌ]::

  son [sʌn], ɡun [ɡʌn]

[ɑː]::

  car [kɑː]

[ɒ]::

  lot [lɒt], hot [hɒt]

[ɔː]::

  fork [fɔːk], or [ɔː], fall [fɔːl]

[ɔɪ]::

  choice [ʧɔɪs], boy [bɔɪ]

[oʊ]::

  open [oʊpən]

[ʊ]::

  xxx

[ɛ]::

  pen [pɛn], text [tɛxt], pet [pɛt]

[ɪ]::

  pin [pɪn], milk [mɪlk]

[iː]::

  tree [triː], see [siː], me [miː], tea [tiː]

[ɜr]::

  girl [gɜrl], first [fɜrst]

[æ]::

  fat [fæt], happy [hæppɪ]



List of IPA chars for English transcription.
============================================


  θ ð ʃ ŋ ʧ ʒ ı ɡ ː ˌ ˈ ˑ ˏ ˊ ˋ
  æ ɑ ɒ ʌ ʊ ɒ ɛ ə ɜ ɔ ɪ є ɚ

You can copy/paste they in phonetic string.

TODO
====
::

            Front       Central     Back
         long  short long  short long  short
  Close   iː    ɪ                 uː    ʊ
  Mid           ɛ     ɜː    ə     ɔː
  Open          æ           ʌ     ɑː    ɒ

      Diphthong          Triphthong
  Closing    Centring
   /eɪ/       /ɪə/        /aɪə/
   /aɪ/       /eə/        /ɑʊə/
   /ɔɪ/       /ʊə/
   /əʊ/
   /aʊ/

Old vs. new transcription.
==========================

From "Better English pronunciation."::

  Old  iː i e ɔː u uː ei ou ai au ɔi æ ɔ ʌ əː ɑː iə ɛə uə ə
  New  iː ɪ e ɔː ʊ uː eɪ əʊ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ æ ɒ ʌ ɜː ɑː ɪə eə ʊə ə

Also from Wikipedia::

  Old  æ e əː ʌɪ ɑʊ ɛə
  New  a ɛ ɜː aɪ aʊ eə