+
−# -*- coding: utf-8; -*-
+
−
+
−ABOUT: VOA Special English Word Book.
+
−
+
−  http://gadict.sourceforge.net
+
−
+
−Materials placed in Public Domain as all materials from VOA (Voice of
+
−America).
+
−
+
−You can look to VOA disclaimer at:
+
−
+
−  http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/disclaim.cfm
+
−
+
−Use http://web.archive.org/ to find this page.
+
−
+
−This dictionary based on origins from:
+
−
+
−  http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-a.cfm
+
−  http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-b.cfm
+
−  ...
+
−  http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-z.cfm
+
−
+
−on 2010-02-12 which you can find with http://web.archive.org/
+
−
+
−Older version of "Special English Word Book" have additional articles
+
−with words from different domain:
+
−
+
−  Common Expressions
+
−  Common Prefixes
+
−  Words Used in VOA Special English Science Programs
+
−  Organs of the Body
+
−
+
−I added this articles too (from version of 2004).
+
−
+
−Also this version have section "Parts of Speech", which you can see
+
−below:
+
−
+
−  n. (noun) - a name word
+
−  v. (verb) - an action word
+
−  ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word
+
−  prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation
+
−  pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun
+
−  conj. (conjunction) - a joining word
+
−
+
−Further info available at:
+
−
+
−  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_English
+
−
+
−By Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmai.com>
+
−
+
−_____
+
−
+
−a; an
+
−
+
−  ad. one; any; each
+
−_____
+
−
+
−able
+
−
+
−  v. having the power to do something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−about
+
−
+
−  ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about
+
−  the weather.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−above
+
−
+
−  ad. at a higher place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−abuse
+
−
+
−  n. bad treatment causing harm or injury
+
−_____
+
−
+
−accept
+
−
+
−  v. to agree to receive
+
−_____
+
−
+
−accident
+
−
+
−  n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event
+
−_____
+
−
+
−accuse
+
−
+
−  v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a
+
−  statement against someone
+
−_____
+
−
+
−across
+
−
+
−  ad. from side to side; to the other side
+
−_____
+
−
+
−act
+
−
+
−  v. to do something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−activist
+
−
+
−  n. one who seeks change through action
+
−_____
+
−
+
−actor
+
−
+
−  n. someone acting in a play or show
+
−_____
+
−
+
−add
+
−
+
−  v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more
+
−_____
+
−
+
−administration
+
−
+
−  n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president
+
−  or prime minister
+
−_____
+
−
+
−admit
+
−
+
−  v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's
+
−  guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−adult
+
−
+
−  n. a grown person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−advertise
+
−
+
−  v. to show or present the qualities of a product to increase sales
+
−_____
+
−
+
−advise
+
−
+
−  v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision
+
−_____
+
−
+
−affect
+
−
+
−  v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected
+
−  the singer's performance.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−afraid
+
−
+
−  ad. feeling fear
+
−_____
+
−
+
−after
+
−
+
−  ad. later; behind
+
−_____
+
−
+
−again
+
−
+
−  ad. another time; as before
+
−_____
+
−
+
−against
+
−
+
−  ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−age
+
−
+
−  n. how old a person or thing is
+
−_____
+
−
+
−agency
+
−
+
−  n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the
+
−  United Nations")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−aggression
+
−
+
−  n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's
+
−  borders
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ago
+
−
+
−  ad. of time past; before now
+
−_____
+
−
+
−agree
+
−
+
−  v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−agriculture
+
−
+
−  n. farming
+
−_____
+
−
+
−aid
+
−
+
−  v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance
+
−_____
+
−
+
−aim
+
−
+
−  v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose
+
−_____
+
−
+
−air
+
−
+
−  n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen,
+
−  that we breathe
+
−_____
+
−
+
−air force
+
−
+
−  n. a military organization using airplanes
+
−_____
+
−
+
−airplane
+
−
+
−  n. a vehicle with wings that flies
+
−_____
+
−
+
−airport
+
−
+
−  n. a place where airplanes take off and land
+
−_____
+
−
+
−album
+
−
+
−  n. a collection of recorded music
+
−_____
+
−
+
−alcohol
+
−
+
−  n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug
+
−  or in industrial products
+
−_____
+
−
+
−alive
+
−
+
−  ad. having life; not dead
+
−_____
+
−
+
−all
+
−
+
−  ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ally
+
−
+
−  n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose
+
−_____
+
−
+
−almost
+
−
+
−  ad. a little less than completely
+
−_____
+
−
+
−alone
+
−
+
−  ad. separated from others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−along
+
−
+
−  ad. near or on ("along the road")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−already
+
−
+
−  ad. before now; even now
+
−_____
+
−
+
−also
+
−
+
−  ad. added to; too
+
−_____
+
−
+
−although
+
−
+
−  conj. even if it is true that
+
−_____
+
−
+
−always
+
−
+
−  ad. at all times; every time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ambassador
+
−
+
−  n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another
+
−  government)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−amend
+
−
+
−  v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ammunition
+
−
+
−  n. the bullets or shells fired from guns
+
−_____
+
−
+
−among
+
−
+
−  ad. in or part of (a group)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−amount
+
−
+
−  n. the number, size or weight of anything
+
−_____
+
−
+
−anarchy
+
−
+
−  n. a lack of order; lawlessness
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ancestor
+
−
+
−  n. a family member from the past
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ancient
+
−
+
−  ad. very old; long ago
+
−_____
+
−
+
−and
+
−
+
−  conj. also; in addition to; with
+
−_____
+
−
+
−anger
+
−
+
−  n. a strong emotion against someone or something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−animal
+
−
+
−  n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat
+
−_____
+
−
+
−anniversary
+
−
+
−  n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the
+
−  past
+
−_____
+
−
+
−announce
+
−
+
−  v. to make known publicly; to declare officially
+
−_____
+
−
+
−another
+
−
+
−  ad. one more; a different one
+
−_____
+
−
+
−answer
+
−
+
−  n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after
+
−  being asked a question
+
−_____
+
−
+
−any
+
−
+
−  ad. one or more of no special kind
+
−_____
+
−
+
−apologize
+
−
+
−  v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts
+
−  responsibility
+
−_____
+
−
+
−appeal
+
−
+
−  v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call
+
−  on somebody for help
+
−_____
+
−
+
−appear
+
−
+
−  v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem
+
−_____
+
−
+
−appoint
+
−
+
−  v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−approve
+
−
+
−  v. to agree with; to agree to support
+
−_____
+
−
+
−archeology
+
−
+
−  n. the scientific study of past human life and activities
+
−_____
+
−
+
−area
+
−
+
−  n. any place or part of it
+
−_____
+
−
+
−argue
+
−
+
−  v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree
+
−_____
+
−
+
−arms
+
−
+
−  n. military equipment; weapons
+
−_____
+
−
+
−army
+
−
+
−  n. military ground forces
+
−_____
+
−
+
−around
+
−
+
−  ad. on every side (of)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−arrest
+
−
+
−  v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner
+
−_____
+
−
+
−arrive
+
−
+
−  v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip
+
−_____
+
−
+
−art
+
−
+
−  n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music,
+
−  writing or statues
+
−_____
+
−
+
−artillery
+
−
+
−  n. big guns
+
−_____
+
−
+
−as
+
−
+
−  conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ash
+
−
+
−  n. the part left after something burns
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ask
+
−
+
−  v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher
+
−  questions every day.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−assist
+
−
+
−  v. to help
+
−_____
+
−
+
−astronaut
+
−
+
−  n. a person who travels in space
+
−_____
+
−
+
−astronomy
+
−
+
−  n. the scientific study of stars and the universe
+
−_____
+
−
+
−asylum
+
−
+
−  n. political protection given by a government to a person from another
+
−  country
+
−_____
+
−
+
−at
+
−
+
−  prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−atmosphere
+
−
+
−  n. the gases surrounding any star or planet
+
−_____
+
−
+
−attach
+
−
+
−  v. to tie together; to connect
+
−_____
+
−
+
−attack
+
−
+
−  n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight
+
−_____
+
−
+
−attempt
+
−
+
−  v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort
+
−_____
+
−
+
−attend
+
−
+
−  v. to be present at
+
−_____
+
−
+
−attention
+
−
+
−  n. close or careful observing of, or listening to, someone or
+
−  something (“The student paid attention to his teacher.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−automobile
+
−
+
−  n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car
+
−_____
+
−
+
−autumn
+
−
+
−  n. the time of the year between summer and winter
+
−_____
+
−
+
−available
+
−
+
−  ad. present and ready for use; willing to serve or help. (“There was a
+
−  list of available candidates.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−average
+
−
+
−  n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−avoid
+
−
+
−  v. to stay away from
+
−_____
+
−
+
−awake
+
−
+
−  ad. not sleeping
+
−_____
+
−
+
−award
+
−
+
−  n. an honor or prize for an act or service
+
−_____
+
−
+
−away
+
−
+
−  ad. not near
+
−_____
+
−
+
−baby
+
−
+
−  n. a newly born creature
+
−_____
+
−
+
−back
+
−
+
−  n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bad
+
−
+
−  ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good
+
−_____
+
−
+
−balance
+
−
+
−  v. to make two sides or forces equal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ball
+
−
+
−  n. something round
+
−_____
+
−
+
−balloon
+
−
+
−  n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas
+
−  lighter than air
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ballot
+
−
+
−  n. a piece of paper used for voting
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ban
+
−
+
−  v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bank
+
−
+
−  n. an organization that keeps and lends money
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bar
+
−
+
−  v. to prevent or block
+
−_____
+
−
+
−barrier
+
−
+
−  n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult
+
−_____
+
−
+
−base
+
−
+
−  n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was
+
−  based on experiments.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−battle
+
−
+
−  n. a fight between opposing armed forces
+
−_____
+
−
+
−be
+
−
+
−  v. to live; to happen; to exist
+
−_____
+
−
+
−beat
+
−
+
−  v. to hit again and again
+
−_____
+
−
+
−beauty
+
−
+
−  n. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit
+
−_____
+
−
+
−because
+
−
+
−  prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−become
+
−
+
−  v. to come to be
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bed
+
−
+
−  n. a sleeping place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−before
+
−
+
−  prep. earlier
+
−_____
+
−
+
−begin
+
−
+
−  v. to do the first part of an action; to start
+
−_____
+
−
+
−behavior
+
−
+
−  n. the way in which a person or animal acts (“The child’s behavior was
+
−  bad because he fought with other children.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−behind
+
−
+
−  ad. at the back of; in back of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−believe
+
−
+
−  v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust
+
−_____
+
−
+
−belong
+
−
+
−  v. to be owned by; to be a member of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−below
+
−
+
−  ad. lower than
+
−_____
+
−
+
−best
+
−
+
−  ad. the most good
+
−_____
+
−
+
−betray
+
−
+
−  v. to turn against; to be false to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−better
+
−
+
−  ad. more good than
+
−_____
+
−
+
−between
+
−
+
−  ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks
+
−  between two nations")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−big
+
−
+
−  ad. of great size; not small
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bill
+
−
+
−  n. a legislative proposal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−biology
+
−
+
−  n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bird
+
−
+
−  n. a creature that flies
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bite
+
−
+
−  v. to cut with the teeth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−black
+
−
+
−  ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky
+
−_____
+
−
+
−blame
+
−
+
−  v. to accuse; to hold responsible
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bleed
+
−
+
−  v. to lose blood
+
−_____
+
−
+
−blind
+
−
+
−  ad. not able to see
+
−_____
+
−
+
−block
+
−
+
−  v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement
+
−_____
+
−
+
−blood
+
−
+
−  n. red fluid in the body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−blow
+
−
+
−  v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−blue
+
−
+
−  ad. having the color like that of a clear sky
+
−_____
+
−
+
−boat
+
−
+
−  n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods
+
−_____
+
−
+
−body
+
−
+
−  n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−boil
+
−
+
−  v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bomb
+
−
+
−  n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy
+
−  with bombs
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bone
+
−
+
−  n. the hard material in the body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−book
+
−
+
−  n. a long written work for reading
+
−_____
+
−
+
−border
+
−
+
−  n. a dividing line between nations
+
−_____
+
−
+
−born
+
−
+
−  v. to come to life; to come into existence
+
−_____
+
−
+
−borrow
+
−
+
−  v. to take as a loan
+
−_____
+
−
+
−both
+
−
+
−  ad. not just one of two, but the two together
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bottle
+
−
+
−  n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bottom
+
−
+
−  ad. the lowest part of something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−box
+
−
+
−  n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or
+
−  wood
+
−_____
+
−
+
−boy
+
−
+
−  n. a young male person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−boycott
+
−
+
−  v. to refuse to take part in or deal with
+
−_____
+
−
+
−brain
+
−
+
−  n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all
+
−  creatures
+
−_____
+
−
+
−brave
+
−
+
−  ad. having no fear
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bread
+
−
+
−  n. a food made from grain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−break
+
−
+
−  v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy
+
−_____
+
−
+
−breathe
+
−
+
−  v. to take air into the body and let it out again
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bridge
+
−
+
−  n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and
+
−  vehicles can cross from one side to the other
+
−_____
+
−
+
−brief
+
−
+
−  ad. short; not long
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bright
+
−
+
−  ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bring
+
−
+
−  v. to come with something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−broadcast
+
−
+
−  v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a
+
−  radio or television program
+
−_____
+
−
+
−brother
+
−
+
−  n. a male with the same father or mother as another person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−brown
+
−
+
−  ad. having the color like that of coffee
+
−_____
+
−
+
−budget
+
−
+
−  n. a spending plan
+
−_____
+
−
+
−build
+
−
+
−  v. to join materials together to make something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−building
+
−
+
−  n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store
+
−  or place of entertainment
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bullet
+
−
+
−  n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun
+
−_____
+
−
+
−burn
+
−
+
−  v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire
+
−_____
+
−
+
−burst
+
−
+
−  v. to break open suddenly
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bury
+
−
+
−  v. to put into the ground and cover with earth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bus
+
−
+
−  n. a public vehicle to carry people
+
−_____
+
−
+
−business
+
−
+
−  n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade
+
−_____
+
−
+
−busy
+
−
+
−  ad. doing something; very active
+
−_____
+
−
+
−but
+
−
+
−  conj. however; other than; yet
+
−_____
+
−
+
−buy
+
−
+
−  v. to get by paying something, usually money
+
−_____
+
−
+
−by
+
−
+
−  conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William
+
−  Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cabinet
+
−
+
−  n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−call
+
−
+
−  v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request
+
−  ("They called for an end to the fighting.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−calm
+
−
+
−  ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense
+
−_____
+
−
+
−camera
+
−
+
−  n. a device for taking pictures
+
−_____
+
−
+
−camp
+
−
+
−  n. a place with temporary housing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−campaign
+
−
+
−  n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from
+
−  voters; a connected series of military actions during a war
+
−_____
+
−
+
−can
+
−
+
−  v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold
+
−  liquid or food, usually made of metal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cancel
+
−
+
−  v. to end; to stop
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cancer
+
−
+
−  n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts
+
−  of the body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−candidate
+
−
+
−  n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor
+
−_____
+
−
+
−capital
+
−
+
−  n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's
+
−  government is
+
−_____
+
−
+
−capture
+
−
+
−  v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force;
+
−  to get control of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−car
+
−
+
−  n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part
+
−  of a train
+
−_____
+
−
+
−care
+
−
+
−  v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest
+
−_____
+
−
+
−career
+
−
+
−  n. a chosen profession; a person’s working life (“The actor’s career
+
−  lasted for thirty years.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−careful
+
−
+
−  ad. acting safely; with much thought
+
−_____
+
−
+
−carry
+
−
+
−  v. to take something or someone from one place to another
+
−_____
+
−
+
−case (court)
+
−
+
−  n. a legal action
+
−_____
+
−
+
−case (medical)
+
−
+
−  n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at
+
−  the school.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cat
+
−
+
−  n. a small animal that often lives with humans
+
−_____
+
−
+
−catch
+
−
+
−  v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cause
+
−
+
−  v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ceasefire
+
−
+
−  n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement
+
−_____
+
−
+
−celebrate
+
−
+
−  v. to honor a person or event with special activities
+
−_____
+
−
+
−center
+
−
+
−  n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is
+
−  the main point of an activity
+
−_____
+
−
+
−century
+
−
+
−  n. one hundred years
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ceremony
+
−
+
−  n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by
+
−  tradition
+
−_____
+
−
+
−chairman
+
−
+
−  n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−champion
+
−
+
−  n. the best; the winner
+
−_____
+
−
+
−chance
+
−
+
−  n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen
+
−_____
+
−
+
−change
+
−
+
−  v. to make different; to become different
+
−_____
+
−
+
−charge
+
−
+
−  v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in
+
−  which someone is accused of something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−chase
+
−
+
−  v. to run or go after someone or something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cheat
+
−
+
−  v. to get by a trick; to steal from
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cheer
+
−
+
−  v. to shout approval or praise
+
−_____
+
−
+
−chemicals
+
−
+
−  n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the
+
−  science of chemistry
+
−_____
+
−
+
−chemistry
+
−
+
−  n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they
+
−  act under different conditions, and how they form other substances
+
−_____
+
−
+
−chief
+
−
+
−  n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important
+
−_____
+
−
+
−child
+
−
+
−  n. a baby; a boy or girl
+
−_____
+
−
+
−children
+
−
+
−  n. more than one child
+
−_____
+
−
+
−choose
+
−
+
−  v. to decide between two or more
+
−_____
+
−
+
−circle
+
−
+
−  n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the
+
−  center, like an "O"
+
−_____
+
−
+
−citizen
+
−
+
−  n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law
+
−_____
+
−
+
−city
+
−
+
−  n. any important large town
+
−_____
+
−
+
−civil rights
+
−
+
−  n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all
+
−  people of a nation
+
−_____
+
−
+
−civilian
+
−
+
−  ad. not military
+
−_____
+
−
+
−claim
+
−
+
−  v. to say something as a fact
+
−_____
+
−
+
−clash
+
−
+
−  n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose
+
−_____
+
−
+
−class
+
−
+
−  n. a group of students who meet to study the same subject; also, a
+
−  social or economic group. ("They were members of the middle class.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−clean
+
−
+
−  v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean
+
−  water")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−clear
+
−
+
−  ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood
+
−_____
+
−
+
−clergy
+
−
+
−  n. a body of officials within a religious organization
+
−_____
+
−
+
−climate
+
−
+
−  n. the normal weather conditions of a place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−climb
+
−
+
−  v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the
+
−  hands
+
−_____
+
−
+
−clock
+
−
+
−  n. a device that measures and shows time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−close
+
−
+
−  v. to make something not open; ad. near to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cloth
+
−
+
−  n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other
+
−  substances
+
−_____
+
−
+
−clothes
+
−
+
−  n. what people wear
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cloud
+
−
+
−  n. a mass of fog high in the sky
+
−_____
+
−
+
−coal
+
−
+
−  n. a solid black substance used as fuel
+
−_____
+
−
+
−coalition
+
−
+
−  n. forces, groups or nations joined together
+
−_____
+
−
+
−coast
+
−
+
−  n. land on the edge of the ocean
+
−_____
+
−
+
−coffee
+
−
+
−  n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cold
+
−
+
−  ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature
+
−_____
+
−
+
−collapse
+
−
+
−  v. to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down or fail suddenly in
+
−  strength, health or power. (“The building collapsed in the
+
−  earthquake.” “The government collapsed after a vote in parliament.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−collect
+
−
+
−  v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive
+
−  ("collect taxes")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−college
+
−
+
−  n. a small university
+
−_____
+
−
+
−colony
+
−
+
−  n. land controlled by another country or government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−color
+
−
+
−  n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown,
+
−  black, yellow and others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−combine
+
−
+
−  v. to mix or bring together
+
−_____
+
−
+
−come
+
−
+
−  v. to move toward; to arrive
+
−_____
+
−
+
−command
+
−
+
−  v. to order; to have power over something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−comment
+
−
+
−  v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−committee
+
−
+
−  n. a group of people given special work
+
−_____
+
−
+
−common
+
−
+
−  ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−communicate
+
−
+
−  v. to tell; to give or exchange information
+
−_____
+
−
+
−community
+
−
+
−  n. a group of people living together in one place or area
+
−_____
+
−
+
−company
+
−
+
−  n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes
+
−_____
+
−
+
−compare
+
−
+
−  v. to examine what is different or similar
+
−_____
+
−
+
−compete
+
−
+
−  v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−complete
+
−
+
−  ad. having all parts; ended or finished
+
−_____
+
−
+
−complex
+
−
+
−  ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not
+
−  simple
+
−_____
+
−
+
−compromise
+
−
+
−  n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less
+
−  than first demanded
+
−_____
+
−
+
−computer
+
−
+
−  n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and
+
−  for communicating with others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−concern
+
−
+
−  n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be
+
−  concerned")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−condemn
+
−
+
−  v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad
+
−_____
+
−
+
−condition
+
−
+
−  n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's
+
−  health
+
−_____
+
−
+
−conference
+
−
+
−  n. a meeting
+
−_____
+
−
+
−confirm
+
−
+
−  v. to approve; to say that something is true
+
−_____
+
−
+
−conflict
+
−
+
−  n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one
+
−_____
+
−
+
−congratulate
+
−
+
−  v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck
+
−_____
+
−
+
−Congress
+
−
+
−  n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United
+
−  States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar
+
−  organization in other countries
+
−_____
+
−
+
−connect
+
−
+
−  v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link
+
−_____
+
−
+
−conservative
+
−
+
−  n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change
+
−_____
+
−
+
−consider
+
−
+
−  v. to give thought to; to think about carefully
+
−_____
+
−
+
−constitution
+
−
+
−  n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of
+
−  government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−contact
+
−
+
−  n. the act of touching or being close to a person or thing (“He was in
+
−  contact with animals that had the disease.”) v. to meet or communicate
+
−  with (“He wanted to contact his local official.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−contain
+
−
+
−  v. to hold; to include
+
−_____
+
−
+
−container
+
−
+
−  n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−continent
+
−
+
−  n. any of the seven great land areas of the world
+
−_____
+
−
+
−continue
+
−
+
−  v. to go on doing or being
+
−_____
+
−
+
−control
+
−
+
−  v. to direct; to have power over
+
−_____
+
−
+
−convention
+
−
+
−  n. a large meeting for a special purpose
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cook
+
−
+
−  v. to heat food before eating it
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cool
+
−
+
−  ad. almost cold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cooperate
+
−
+
−  v. to act or work together
+
−_____
+
−
+
−copy
+
−
+
−  v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look
+
−  exactly like another
+
−_____
+
−
+
−corn
+
−
+
−  n. a food grain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−correct
+
−
+
−  ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right
+
−_____
+
−
+
−corruption
+
−
+
−  n. actions taken to gain money or power that are legally or morally
+
−  wrong
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cost
+
−
+
−  n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five
+
−  dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cotton
+
−
+
−  n. a material made from a plant of the same name
+
−_____
+
−
+
−count
+
−
+
−  v. to speak or add numbers
+
−_____
+
−
+
−country
+
−
+
−  n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities
+
−_____
+
−
+
−court
+
−
+
−  n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cover
+
−
+
−  v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put
+
−  over a person or thing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cow
+
−
+
−  n. a farm animal used for its milk
+
−_____
+
−
+
−crash
+
−
+
−  v. to fall violently; to hit with great force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−create
+
−
+
−  v. to make; to give life or form to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−creature
+
−
+
−  n. any living being; any animal or human
+
−_____
+
−
+
−credit
+
−
+
−  n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−crew
+
−
+
−  n. a group of people working together
+
−_____
+
−
+
−crime
+
−
+
−  n. an act that violates a law
+
−_____
+
−
+
−criminal
+
−
+
−  n. a person who is responsible for a crime
+
−_____
+
−
+
−crisis
+
−
+
−  n. an extremely important time when something may become much better
+
−  or worse; a dangerous situation
+
−_____
+
−
+
−criticize
+
−
+
−  v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to
+
−  judge
+
−_____
+
−
+
−crops
+
−
+
−  n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits
+
−  and vegetables
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cross
+
−
+
−  v. to go from one side to another; to go across
+
−_____
+
−
+
−crowd
+
−
+
−  n. a large number of people gathered in one place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−crush
+
−
+
−  v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cry
+
−
+
−  v. to express or show sorrow or pain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−culture
+
−
+
−  n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cure
+
−
+
−  v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the
+
−  disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics
+
−  are a cure for infection.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−curfew
+
−
+
−  n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their
+
−  businesses
+
−_____
+
−
+
−current
+
−
+
−  n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present
+
−  time ("She found the report in a current publication.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−custom
+
−
+
−  n. a long-established belief or activity of a people
+
−_____
+
−
+
−customs
+
−
+
−  n. taxes on imports
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cut
+
−
+
−  v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dam
+
−
+
−  n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water
+
−_____
+
−
+
−damage
+
−
+
−  v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to
+
−  things
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dance
+
−
+
−  v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually
+
−  to music
+
−_____
+
−
+
−danger
+
−
+
−  n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dark
+
−
+
−  ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−date
+
−
+
−  n. an expression of time; a day, month and year
+
−_____
+
−
+
−daughter
+
−
+
−  n. a person's female child
+
−_____
+
−
+
−day
+
−
+
−  n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dead
+
−
+
−  ad. not living
+
−_____
+
−
+
−deaf
+
−
+
−  ad. not able to hear
+
−_____
+
−
+
−deal
+
−
+
−  v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of
+
−  pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−debate
+
−
+
−  v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or
+
−  argument
+
−_____
+
−
+
−debt
+
−
+
−  n. something that is owed; the condition of owing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−decide
+
−
+
−  v. to choose; to settle; to judge
+
−_____
+
−
+
−declare
+
−
+
−  v. to say; to make a statement
+
−_____
+
−
+
−decrease
+
−
+
−  v. to make less in size or amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−deep
+
−
+
−  ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom
+
−_____
+
−
+
−defeat
+
−
+
−  v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition
+
−  of having lost
+
−_____
+
−
+
−defend
+
−
+
−  v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect
+
−_____
+
−
+
−deficit
+
−
+
−  n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or
+
−  imports are greater than exports
+
−_____
+
−
+
−define
+
−
+
−  v. to give the meaning of; to explain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−degree
+
−
+
−  n. a measure of temperature
+
−_____
+
−
+
−delay
+
−
+
−  v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to
+
−  be late
+
−_____
+
−
+
−delegate
+
−
+
−  n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another
+
−_____
+
−
+
−demand
+
−
+
−  v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−democracy
+
−
+
−  n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders
+
−  or to make other important decisions
+
−_____
+
−
+
−demonstrate
+
−
+
−  v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd
+
−  demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using
+
−  examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−denounce
+
−
+
−  v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely
+
−_____
+
−
+
−deny
+
−
+
−  v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request
+
−_____
+
−
+
−depend
+
−
+
−  v. to need help and support
+
−_____
+
−
+
−deplore
+
−
+
−  v. to regret strongly; to express sadness
+
−_____
+
−
+
−deploy
+
−
+
−  v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action
+
−_____
+
−
+
−depression
+
−
+
−  n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic
+
−  activity during which many people lose their jobs
+
−_____
+
−
+
−describe
+
−
+
−  v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−desert
+
−
+
−  n. a dry area of land
+
−_____
+
−
+
−design
+
−
+
−  v. to plan or create plans for
+
−_____
+
−
+
−desire
+
−
+
−  v. to want very much; to wish for
+
−_____
+
−
+
−destroy
+
−
+
−  v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−detail
+
−
+
−  n. a small part of something; a small piece of information
+
−_____
+
−
+
−detain
+
−
+
−  v. to keep or hold (“The police detained several suspects for
+
−  questioning.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−develop
+
−
+
−  v. to grow; to create; to experience progress
+
−_____
+
−
+
−device
+
−
+
−  n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dictator
+
−
+
−  n. a ruler with complete power
+
−_____
+
−
+
−die
+
−
+
−  v. to become dead; to stop living; to end
+
−_____
+
−
+
−diet
+
−
+
−  n. usual daily food and drink
+
−_____
+
−
+
−different
+
−
+
−  ad. not the same
+
−_____
+
−
+
−difficult
+
−
+
−  ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dig
+
−
+
−  v. to make a hole in the ground
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dinner
+
−
+
−  n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its
+
−  dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official
+
−  dinner took place at the White House.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−diplomat
+
−
+
−  n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with
+
−  another government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−direct
+
−
+
−  v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater.");
+
−  ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing
+
−  ("The path is direct.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−direction
+
−
+
−  n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came
+
−  from or went to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dirt
+
−
+
−  n. earth or soil
+
−_____
+
−
+
−disappear
+
−
+
−  v. to become unseen; to no longer exist
+
−_____
+
−
+
−disarm
+
−
+
−  v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb
+
−  harmless by removing its exploding device
+
−_____
+
−
+
−disaster
+
−
+
−  n. an event causing widespread destruction or loss of life, such as an
+
−  earthquake or plane crash
+
−_____
+
−
+
−discover
+
−
+
−  v. to find or learn something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−discrimination
+
−
+
−  n. unfair treatment or consideration based on opinions about a whole
+
−  group instead of on the qualities of an individual. (“He was accused
+
−  of discrimination against people from other countries.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−discuss
+
−
+
−  v. to talk about; to exchange ideas
+
−_____
+
−
+
−disease
+
−
+
−  n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or
+
−  bacteria
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dismiss
+
−
+
−  v. to send away; to refuse to consider
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dispute
+
−
+
−  v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dissident
+
−
+
−  n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−distance
+
−
+
−  n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance
+
−  from my house to your house is two kilometers.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dive
+
−
+
−  v. to jump into water head first
+
−_____
+
−
+
−divide
+
−
+
−  v. to separate into two or more parts
+
−_____
+
−
+
−do
+
−
+
−  v. to act; to make an effort
+
−_____
+
−
+
−doctor
+
−
+
−  n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people
+
−_____
+
−
+
−document
+
−
+
−  n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof
+
−  or support of something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dog
+
−
+
−  n. a small animal that often lives with humans
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dollar
+
−
+
−  n. United States money, one hundred cents
+
−_____
+
−
+
−donate
+
−
+
−  v. to present something as a gift to an organization, country or
+
−  cause. (“She donated money to the Red Cross to help survivors of the
+
−  earthquake.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−door
+
−
+
−  n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room
+
−_____
+
−
+
−double
+
−
+
−  v. to increase two times as much in size, strength or number
+
−_____
+
−
+
−down
+
−
+
−  ad. from higher to lower; in a low place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dream
+
−
+
−  v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture
+
−  or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future
+
−_____
+
−
+
−drink
+
−
+
−  v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−drive
+
−
+
−  v. to control a moving vehicle
+
−_____
+
−
+
−drop
+
−
+
−  v. to fall or let fall; to go lower
+
−_____
+
−
+
−drown
+
−
+
−  v. to die under water
+
−_____
+
−
+
−drug
+
−
+
−  n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical
+
−  substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dry
+
−
+
−  ad. not wet; without rain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−during
+
−
+
−  ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dust
+
−
+
−  n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air
+
−_____
+
−
+
−duty
+
−
+
−  n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right
+
−  and just
+
−_____
+
−
+
−each
+
−
+
−  ad. every one by itself
+
−_____
+
−
+
−early
+
−
+
−  ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day;
+
−  opposite late
+
−_____
+
−
+
−earn
+
−
+
−  v. to be paid in return for work done
+
−_____
+
−
+
−earth
+
−
+
−  n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil
+
−_____
+
−
+
−earthquake
+
−
+
−  n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ease
+
−
+
−  v. to reduce; to make less difficult
+
−_____
+
−
+
−east
+
−
+
−  n. the direction from which the sun rises
+
−_____
+
−
+
−easy
+
−
+
−  ad. not difficult; not hard to do
+
−_____
+
−
+
−eat
+
−
+
−  v. to take food into the body through the mouth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ecology
+
−
+
−  n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and
+
−  material things
+
−_____
+
−
+
−economy
+
−
+
−  n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized
+
−_____
+
−
+
−edge
+
−
+
−  n. the line where something ends or begins
+
−_____
+
−
+
−education
+
−
+
−  n. the act of teaching
+
−_____
+
−
+
−effect
+
−
+
−  n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious
+
−  effect on the economy.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−effort
+
−
+
−  n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−egg
+
−
+
−  n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female
+
−  birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal
+
−  that can develop into a baby
+
−_____
+
−
+
−either
+
−
+
−  ad. one of two, but not the other
+
−_____
+
−
+
−elect
+
−
+
−  v. to choose by voting
+
−_____
+
−
+
−electricity
+
−
+
−  n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and
+
−  light, and power to machines
+
−_____
+
−
+
−embassy
+
−
+
−  n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants
+
−_____
+
−
+
−embryo
+
−
+
−  n. a human or animal in the earliest stages of its development
+
−_____
+
−
+
−emergency
+
−
+
−  n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action
+
−_____
+
−
+
−emotion
+
−
+
−  n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness
+
−_____
+
−
+
−employ
+
−
+
−  v. to give work in return for wages
+
−_____
+
−
+
−empty
+
−
+
−  ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything
+
−_____
+
−
+
−end
+
−
+
−  v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last
+
−_____
+
−
+
−enemy
+
−
+
−  n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the
+
−  other side in a war
+
−_____
+
−
+
−energy
+
−
+
−  n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and
+
−  willingness to be active
+
−_____
+
−
+
−enforce
+
−
+
−  v. to make something be done
+
−_____
+
−
+
−engine
+
−
+
−  n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work
+
−_____
+
−
+
−engineer
+
−
+
−  n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads
+
−_____
+
−
+
−enjoy
+
−
+
−  v. to be pleased or satisfied by something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−enough
+
−
+
−  ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−enter
+
−
+
−  v. to come or go into
+
−_____
+
−
+
−environment
+
−
+
−  n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life;
+
−  the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals
+
−_____
+
−
+
−equal
+
−
+
−  ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights
+
−_____
+
−
+
−equipment
+
−
+
−  n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity
+
−_____
+
−
+
−escape
+
−
+
−  v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−especially
+
−
+
−  ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−establish
+
−
+
−  v. to bring into existence; to create
+
−_____
+
−
+
−estimate
+
−
+
−  v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than
+
−  complete information
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ethnic
+
−
+
−  ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of
+
−  their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived
+
−_____
+
−
+
−evaporate
+
−
+
−  v. to change from a liquid into a gas
+
−_____
+
−
+
−even
+
−
+
−  ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the
+
−  building was destroyed.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−event
+
−
+
−  n. that which happens, especially something of importance
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ever
+
−
+
−  ad. at any time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−every
+
−
+
−  ad. each one; all
+
−_____
+
−
+
−evidence
+
−
+
−  n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−evil
+
−
+
−  ad. not good; extremely bad
+
−_____
+
−
+
−exact
+
−
+
−  ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail
+
−_____
+
−
+
−examine
+
−
+
−  v. to study closely
+
−_____
+
−
+
−example
+
−
+
−  n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like
+
−_____
+
−
+
−excellent
+
−
+
−  ad. extremely good
+
−_____
+
−
+
−except
+
−
+
−  prep. but for
+
−_____
+
−
+
−exchange
+
−
+
−  v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another
+
−_____
+
−
+
−excuse
+
−
+
−  v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes
+
−  false) for an action
+
−_____
+
−
+
−execute
+
−
+
−  v. to kill
+
−_____
+
−
+
−exercise
+
−
+
−  n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to
+
−  stay in good health
+
−_____
+
−
+
−exile
+
−
+
−  v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a
+
−  person who is forced to leave his or her country
+
−_____
+
−
+
−exist
+
−
+
−  v. to be; to live
+
−_____
+
−
+
−expand
+
−
+
−  v. to make larger; to grow larger
+
−_____
+
−
+
−expect
+
−
+
−  v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an
+
−  event
+
−_____
+
−
+
−expel
+
−
+
−  v. to force out; to remove from; to send away
+
−_____
+
−
+
−experience
+
−
+
−  v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced
+
−  great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The
+
−  experience caused her great pain.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−experiment
+
−
+
−  v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true
+
−  or false, or to discover something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−expert
+
−
+
−  n. a person with special knowledge or training
+
−_____
+
−
+
−explain
+
−
+
−  v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the
+
−  meaning
+
−_____
+
−
+
−explode
+
−
+
−  v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb
+
−_____
+
−
+
−explore
+
−
+
−  v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it;
+
−  to make a careful search; to examine closely
+
−_____
+
−
+
−export
+
−
+
−  v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country,
+
−  usually for sale
+
−_____
+
−
+
−express
+
−
+
−  v. to say clearly
+
−_____
+
−
+
−extend
+
−
+
−  v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−extra
+
−
+
−  ad. more than normal, expected or necessary
+
−_____
+
−
+
−extraordinary
+
−
+
−  ad. far greater or better than the usual or normal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−extreme
+
−
+
−  ad. more than the usual or accepted
+
−_____
+
−
+
−extremist
+
−
+
−  n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an
+
−  extreme or violent way
+
−_____
+
−
+
−face
+
−
+
−  n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to
+
−  turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fact
+
−
+
−  n. something known or proved to be true
+
−_____
+
−
+
−factory
+
−
+
−  n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fail
+
−
+
−  v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fair
+
−
+
−  ad. just; honest; what is right
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fall
+
−
+
−  v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower
+
−  position
+
−_____
+
−
+
−false
+
−
+
−  ad. not true; not correct
+
−_____
+
−
+
−family
+
−
+
−  n. the group that includes children and their parents
+
−_____
+
−
+
−famous
+
−
+
−  ad. known very well to many people
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fan
+
−
+
−  n. a person who actively supports a sport, activity or performer (“The
+
−  baseball fan attended every game his team played.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−far
+
−
+
−  ad. at, to or from a great distance
+
−_____
+
−
+
−farm
+
−
+
−  n. land used to grow crops and animals for food
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fast
+
−
+
−  ad. moving or working at great speed; quick
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fat
+
−
+
−  n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and
+
−  to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy
+
−_____
+
−
+
−father
+
−
+
−  n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children
+
−_____
+
−
+
−favorite
+
−
+
−  ad. liked more than others (“Ice cream was her favorite food.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fear
+
−
+
−  v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen
+
−  ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger
+
−  or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−federal
+
−
+
−  ad. of or having to do with a national or central government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−feed
+
−
+
−  v. to give food to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−feel
+
−
+
−  v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching
+
−_____
+
−
+
−female
+
−
+
−  n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fence
+
−
+
−  n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or
+
−  out
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fertile
+
−
+
−  ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much
+
−_____
+
−
+
−few
+
−
+
−  ad. not many; a small number of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−field
+
−
+
−  n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise
+
−  animals
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fierce
+
−
+
−  ad. extremely strong; violent; angry
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fight
+
−
+
−  v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy;
+
−  n. the use of force; a battle
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fill
+
−
+
−  v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for
+
−  no more
+
−_____
+
−
+
−film
+
−
+
−  v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion
+
−  picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with
+
−  a camera; a movie
+
−_____
+
−
+
−final
+
−
+
−  ad. at the end; last
+
−_____
+
−
+
−financial
+
−
+
−  ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit,
+
−  investments and banks
+
−_____
+
−
+
−find
+
−
+
−  v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to
+
−  decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fine
+
−
+
−  n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad.
+
−  very good; very small or thin
+
−_____
+
−
+
−finish
+
−
+
−  v. to complete; to end
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fire
+
−
+
−  v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fireworks
+
−
+
−  n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday
+
−  celebrations
+
−_____
+
−
+
−firm
+
−
+
−  ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−first
+
−
+
−  ad. coming before all others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fish
+
−
+
−  n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fit
+
−
+
−  v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fix
+
−
+
−  v. to make good or right again
+
−_____
+
−
+
−flag
+
−
+
−  n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or
+
−  organization
+
−_____
+
−
+
−flat
+
−
+
−  ad. smooth; having no high places
+
−_____
+
−
+
−flee
+
−
+
−  v. to run away from
+
−_____
+
−
+
−float
+
−
+
−  v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water
+
−  or through air
+
−_____
+
−
+
−flood
+
−
+
−  v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake
+
−  or ocean onto land
+
−_____
+
−
+
−floor
+
−
+
−  n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the
+
−  floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−flow
+
−
+
−  v. to move like a liquid
+
−_____
+
−
+
−flower
+
−
+
−  n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fluid
+
−
+
−  n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fly
+
−
+
−  v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to
+
−  travel in an airplane or flying vehicle
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fog
+
−
+
−  n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close
+
−  to the ground
+
−_____
+
−
+
−follow
+
−
+
−  v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey
+
−_____
+
−
+
−food
+
−
+
−  n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength
+
−  and growth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fool
+
−
+
−  v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a
+
−  person who is tricked easily
+
−_____
+
−
+
−foot
+
−
+
−  n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the
+
−  ground when a person or animal walks
+
−_____
+
−
+
−for
+
−
+
−  prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me
+
−  one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for
+
−  one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be
+
−  employed by ("She works for a computer company.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−force
+
−
+
−  v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using
+
−  power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object;
+
−  military power of a nation; a military group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−foreign
+
−
+
−  ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or
+
−  country
+
−_____
+
−
+
−forest
+
−
+
−  n. a place of many trees
+
−_____
+
−
+
−forget
+
−
+
−  v. to not remember
+
−_____
+
−
+
−forgive
+
−
+
−  v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt
+
−_____
+
−
+
−form
+
−
+
−  v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind
+
−  ("Swimming is a form of exercise.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−former
+
−
+
−  ad. earlier in time; not now
+
−_____
+
−
+
−forward
+
−
+
−  ad. the direction in front of; toward the front
+
−_____
+
−
+
−free
+
−
+
−  v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not
+
−  in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost
+
−_____
+
−
+
−freedom
+
−
+
−  n. the condition of being free
+
−_____
+
−
+
−freeze
+
−
+
−  v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fresh
+
−
+
−  ad. newly made or gathered; recent
+
−_____
+
−
+
−friend
+
−
+
−  n. a person one likes and trusts
+
−_____
+
−
+
−frighten
+
−
+
−  v. to cause great fear
+
−_____
+
−
+
−from
+
−
+
−  prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is
+
−  a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The
+
−  school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is
+
−  suffering from cancer.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−front
+
−
+
−  n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first
+
−  part
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fruit
+
−
+
−  n. food from trees and plants
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fuel
+
−
+
−  n. any substance burned to create heat or power
+
−_____
+
−
+
−full
+
−
+
−  ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fun
+
−
+
−  n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness
+
−_____
+
−
+
−funeral
+
−
+
−  n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the
+
−  dead
+
−_____
+
−
+
−future
+
−
+
−  n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the
+
−  time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−gain
+
−
+
−  v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase
+
−_____
+
−
+
−game
+
−
+
−  n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete,
+
−  usually sports
+
−_____
+
−
+
−gas
+
−
+
−  n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns
+
−  to provide heat, light or power
+
−_____
+
−
+
−gather
+
−
+
−  v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect
+
−_____
+
−
+
−general
+
−
+
−  n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including
+
−  all or almost all
+
−_____
+
−
+
−generation
+
−
+
−  n. a group of individuals born and living at about the same time.
+
−  ("The mother and daughter represented two generations.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−genocide
+
−
+
−  n. a plan of action to kill or destroy a national, religious, racial
+
−  or ethnic group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−gentle
+
−
+
−  ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent
+
−_____
+
−
+
−get
+
−
+
−  v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the
+
−  owner of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−gift
+
−
+
−  n. something given without cost
+
−_____
+
−
+
−girl
+
−
+
−  n. a young female person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−give
+
−
+
−  v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment
+
−_____
+
−
+
−glass
+
−
+
−  n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for
+
−  windows or for containers to hold liquids
+
−_____
+
−
+
−go
+
−
+
−  v. to move from one place to another; to leave
+
−_____
+
−
+
−goal
+
−
+
−  n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at;
+
−  the end of a trip or race
+
−_____
+
−
+
−god
+
−
+
−  n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe
+
−  in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have
+
−  special powers
+
−_____
+
−
+
−gold
+
−
+
−  n. a highly valued yellow metal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−good
+
−
+
−  ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad
+
−_____
+
−
+
−goods
+
−
+
−  n. things owned or made to be sold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−govern
+
−
+
−  v. to control; to rule by military or political power
+
−_____
+
−
+
−government
+
−
+
−  n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a
+
−  country, city or area
+
−_____
+
−
+
−grain
+
−
+
−  n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and
+
−  corn; those plants that produce the seeds
+
−_____
+
−
+
−grass
+
−
+
−  n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves
+
−_____
+
−
+
−gray
+
−
+
−  ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white
+
−_____
+
−
+
−great
+
−
+
−  ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good;
+
−  important
+
−_____
+
−
+
−green
+
−
+
−  ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having
+
−  the color like that of growing leaves and grass
+
−_____
+
−
+
−grind
+
−
+
−  v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ground
+
−
+
−  n. land; the earth's surface; soil
+
−_____
+
−
+
−group
+
−
+
−  n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people
+
−  working for a common purpose
+
−_____
+
−
+
−grow
+
−
+
−  v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−guarantee
+
−
+
−  v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen
+
−_____
+
−
+
−guard
+
−
+
−  v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the
+
−  president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a
+
−  prison guard.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−guerrilla
+
−
+
−  n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against
+
−  an official army or police
+
−_____
+
−
+
−guide
+
−
+
−  v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way
+
−_____
+
−
+
−guilty
+
−
+
−  ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible
+
−  for a bad action
+
−_____
+
−
+
−gun
+
−
+
−  n. a weapon that shoots bullets
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hair
+
−
+
−  n. the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the
+
−  head
+
−_____
+
−
+
−half
+
−
+
−  n. one of two equal parts of something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−halt
+
−
+
−  v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hang
+
−
+
−  v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower
+
−  part is not; to kill by hanging
+
−_____
+
−
+
−happen
+
−
+
−  v. to become a fact or event; to take place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−happy
+
−
+
−  ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hard
+
−
+
−  ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand;
+
−  needing much effort or force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−harm
+
−
+
−  v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt
+
−_____
+
−
+
−harvest
+
−
+
−  v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hat
+
−
+
−  n. a head cover
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hate
+
−
+
−  v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite
+
−  love
+
−_____
+
−
+
−have
+
−
+
−  v. to possess; to own; to hold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−he
+
−
+
−  pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about
+
−_____
+
−
+
−head
+
−
+
−  v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something;
+
−  the highest position
+
−_____
+
−
+
−headquarters
+
−
+
−  n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a
+
−  business or organization
+
−_____
+
−
+
−heal
+
−
+
−  v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well
+
−_____
+
−
+
−health
+
−
+
−  n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being
+
−  free from sickness or disease
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hear
+
−
+
−  v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about
+
−_____
+
−
+
−heat
+
−
+
−  v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by
+
−  burning fuel; energy from the sun
+
−_____
+
−
+
−heavy
+
−
+
−  ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−helicopter
+
−
+
−  n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one
+
−  place above the ground
+
−_____
+
−
+
−help
+
−
+
−  v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid
+
−_____
+
−
+
−here
+
−
+
−  ad. in, to or at this place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hero
+
−
+
−  n. a person honored for being brave or wise
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hide
+
−
+
−  v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret
+
−_____
+
−
+
−high
+
−
+
−  ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hijack
+
−
+
−  v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hill
+
−
+
−  n. a small mountain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−history
+
−
+
−  n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the
+
−  past
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hit
+
−
+
−  v. to strike; to touch with force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hold
+
−
+
−  v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one
+
−  position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to
+
−  organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hole
+
−
+
−  n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−holiday
+
−
+
−  n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to
+
−  honor or remember a person or event
+
−_____
+
−
+
−holy
+
−
+
−  ad. greatly honored in religion
+
−_____
+
−
+
−home
+
−
+
−  n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the
+
−  place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one
+
−  lives
+
−_____
+
−
+
−honest
+
−
+
−  ad. truthful; able to be trusted
+
−_____
+
−
+
−honor
+
−
+
−  v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's
+
−  parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He
+
−  received many honors for his efforts to help others.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hope
+
−
+
−  v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will
+
−  happen as wanted; to want something to happen
+
−_____
+
−
+
−horrible
+
−
+
−  ad. causing great fear; terrible
+
−_____
+
−
+
−horse
+
−
+
−  n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hospital
+
−
+
−  n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hostage
+
−
+
−  n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise
+
−  will be honored
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hostile
+
−
+
−  ad. ready to fight; ready for war
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hot
+
−
+
−  ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hotel
+
−
+
−  n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hour
+
−
+
−  n. a measure of time; sixty minutes
+
−_____
+
−
+
−house
+
−
+
−  n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or
+
−  lawmaking group ("House of Representatives")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−how
+
−
+
−  ad. in what way; to what amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−however
+
−
+
−  conj. yet; but
+
−_____
+
−
+
−huge
+
−
+
−  ad. very big; of great size
+
−_____
+
−
+
−human
+
−
+
−  ad. of or about people
+
−_____
+
−
+
−humor
+
−
+
−  n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hunger
+
−
+
−  n. the need for food
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hunt
+
−
+
−  v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to
+
−  find
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hurry
+
−
+
−  v. to do or go fast
+
−_____
+
−
+
−hurt
+
−
+
−  v. to cause pain, injury or damage
+
−_____
+
−
+
−husband
+
−
+
−  n. a man who is married
+
−_____
+
−
+
−I
+
−
+
−  pro. the person speaking
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ice
+
−
+
−  n. frozen water
+
−_____
+
−
+
−idea
+
−
+
−  n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief
+
−_____
+
−
+
−identify
+
−
+
−  v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are
+
−_____
+
−
+
−if
+
−
+
−  conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ignore
+
−
+
−  v. to pay no attention to or refuse to consider (“The president
+
−  ignored the protesters outside his office.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−illegal
+
−
+
−  ad. not legal; in violation of a law
+
−_____
+
−
+
−imagine
+
−
+
−  v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea
+
−_____
+
−
+
−immediate
+
−
+
−  ad. without delay; very near in time or place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−immigrant
+
−
+
−  n. a person who arrives in a country to live there
+
−_____
+
−
+
−import
+
−
+
−  v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another
+
−  country, usually for sale
+
−_____
+
−
+
−important
+
−
+
−  ad. having great meaning, value or power
+
−_____
+
−
+
−improve
+
−
+
−  v. to make better; to become better
+
−_____
+
−
+
−in
+
−
+
−  prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during
+
−_____
+
−
+
−incident
+
−
+
−  n. an event or something that happens
+
−_____
+
−
+
−incite
+
−
+
−  v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or
+
−  violent
+
−_____
+
−
+
−include
+
−
+
−  v. to have; to make a part of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−increase
+
−
+
−  v. to make more in size or amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−independent
+
−
+
−  ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free;
+
−  separate
+
−_____
+
−
+
−individual
+
−
+
−  n. one person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−industry
+
−
+
−  n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and
+
−  related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved
+
−  in manufacturing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−infect
+
−
+
−  v. to make sick with something that causes disease
+
−_____
+
−
+
−inflation
+
−
+
−  n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down
+
−_____
+
−
+
−influence
+
−
+
−  v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change
+
−_____
+
−
+
−inform
+
−
+
−  v. to tell; to give knowledge to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−information
+
−
+
−  n. knowledge; facts
+
−_____
+
−
+
−inject
+
−
+
−  v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the
+
−  body through the skin
+
−_____
+
−
+
−injure
+
−
+
−  v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−innocent
+
−
+
−  ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action
+
−_____
+
−
+
−insane
+
−
+
−  ad. mentally sick
+
−_____
+
−
+
−insect
+
−
+
−  n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with
+
−  wings
+
−_____
+
−
+
−inspect
+
−
+
−  v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert
+
−_____
+
−
+
−instead
+
−
+
−  ad. in the place of; taking the place of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−instrument
+
−
+
−  n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−insult
+
−
+
−  v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry
+
−  or dishonored
+
−_____
+
−
+
−intelligence
+
−
+
−  n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying
+
−_____
+
−
+
−intelligent
+
−
+
−  ad. quick to understand or learn
+
−_____
+
−
+
−intense
+
−
+
−  ad. very strong; extremely serious
+
−_____
+
−
+
−interest
+
−
+
−  n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests."
+
−  "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a
+
−  business; money paid for the use of money borrowed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−interfere
+
−
+
−  v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the
+
−  activities of others, especially when not asked to do so
+
−_____
+
−
+
−international
+
−
+
−  ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole
+
−  world
+
−_____
+
−
+
−Internet
+
−
+
−  n. the extensive communications system that connects computers around
+
−  the world
+
−_____
+
−
+
−intervene
+
−
+
−  v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve
+
−_____
+
−
+
−invade
+
−
+
−  v. to enter an area or country by force with an army
+
−_____
+
−
+
−invent
+
−
+
−  v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing
+
−  or way of doing something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−invest
+
−
+
−  v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making
+
−  more money
+
−_____
+
−
+
−investigate
+
−
+
−  v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or
+
−  charge; to search for the truth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−invite
+
−
+
−  v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or
+
−  gathering
+
−_____
+
−
+
−involve
+
−
+
−  v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include
+
−_____
+
−
+
−iron
+
−
+
−  n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools
+
−_____
+
−
+
−island
+
−
+
−  n. a land area with water all around it
+
−_____
+
−
+
−issue
+
−
+
−  n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or
+
−  arguing about
+
−_____
+
−
+
−it
+
−
+
−  pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The
+
−  sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−jail
+
−
+
−  n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those
+
−  serving sentences for crimes that are not serious
+
−_____
+
−
+
−jewel
+
−
+
−  n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald
+
−_____
+
−
+
−job
+
−
+
−  n. the work that one does to earn money
+
−_____
+
−
+
−join
+
−
+
−  v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−joint
+
−
+
−  ad. shared by two or more
+
−_____
+
−
+
−joke
+
−
+
−  n. something done or said to cause others to laugh
+
−_____
+
−
+
−judge
+
−
+
−  v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal
+
−  one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court
+
−_____
+
−
+
−jump
+
−
+
−  v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air
+
−_____
+
−
+
−jury
+
−
+
−  n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial
+
−_____
+
−
+
−just
+
−
+
−  ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after
+
−  the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I
+
−  came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−justice
+
−
+
−  n. the quality of being right, fair or lawful
+
−_____
+
−
+
−keep
+
−
+
−  v. to possess; to have for oneself
+
−_____
+
−
+
−kick
+
−
+
−  v. to hit with the foot
+
−_____
+
−
+
−kidnap
+
−
+
−  v. to seize and take away by force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−kill
+
−
+
−  v. to make dead; to cause to die
+
−_____
+
−
+
−kind
+
−
+
−  n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful
+
−_____
+
−
+
−kiss
+
−
+
−  v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor
+
−_____
+
−
+
−knife
+
−
+
−  n. a tool or weapon used to cut
+
−_____
+
−
+
−know
+
−
+
−  v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to
+
−  recognize someone because you have met and talked together before
+
−_____
+
−
+
−knowledge
+
−
+
−  n. that which is known; learning or understanding
+
−_____
+
−
+
−labor
+
−
+
−  n. work; workers as a group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−laboratory
+
−
+
−  n. a room or place where experiments in science are done
+
−_____
+
−
+
−lack
+
−
+
−  v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having
+
−_____
+
−
+
−lake
+
−
+
−  n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land
+
−_____
+
−
+
−land
+
−
+
−  v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports.");
+
−  n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground
+
−_____
+
−
+
−language
+
−
+
−  n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or
+
−  group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−large
+
−
+
−  ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite
+
−  small
+
−_____
+
−
+
−last
+
−
+
−  v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all
+
−  others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−late
+
−
+
−  ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early
+
−_____
+
−
+
−laugh
+
−
+
−  v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings
+
−_____
+
−
+
−launch
+
−
+
−  v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space
+
−_____
+
−
+
−law
+
−
+
−  n. all or any rules made by a government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−lead
+
−
+
−  v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first
+
−_____
+
−
+
−leak
+
−
+
−  v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole
+
−  (usually a gas or liquid)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−learn
+
−
+
−  v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts
+
−_____
+
−
+
−leave
+
−
+
−  v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is
+
−_____
+
−
+
−left
+
−
+
−  ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north;
+
−  opposite right
+
−_____
+
−
+
−legal
+
−
+
−  ad. of or in agreement with the law
+
−_____
+
−
+
−legislature
+
−
+
−  n. a government lawmaking group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−lend
+
−
+
−  v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of
+
−  money
+
−_____
+
−
+
−less
+
−
+
−  ad. smaller in amount; not as much
+
−_____
+
−
+
−let
+
−
+
−  v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible
+
−_____
+
−
+
−letter
+
−
+
−  n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to
+
−  another person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−level
+
−
+
−  n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the
+
−  position of something or someone
+
−_____
+
−
+
−liberal
+
−
+
−  ad. one who usually supports social progress or change
+
−_____
+
−
+
−lie
+
−
+
−  v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something
+
−  that one knows is not true
+
−_____
+
−
+
−life
+
−
+
−  n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living
+
−  things
+
−_____
+
−
+
−lift
+
−
+
−  v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level
+
−_____
+
−
+
−light
+
−
+
−  n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see;
+
−  anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy
+
−_____
+
−
+
−lightning
+
−
+
−  n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm
+
−_____
+
−
+
−like
+
−
+
−  v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something;
+
−  ad. in the same way as; similar to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−limit
+
−
+
−  v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number
+
−  permitted
+
−_____
+
−
+
−line
+
−
+
−  n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things
+
−  organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by
+
−  military forces
+
−_____
+
−
+
−link
+
−
+
−  v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation
+
−  between two or more things, situations or events
+
−_____
+
−
+
−liquid
+
−
+
−  n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like
+
−  water
+
−_____
+
−
+
−list
+
−
+
−  v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a
+
−  written series of names or things
+
−_____
+
−
+
−listen
+
−
+
−  v. to try to hear
+
−_____
+
−
+
−literature
+
−
+
−  n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a
+
−  country
+
−_____
+
−
+
−little
+
−
+
−  ad. not tall or big; a small amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−live
+
−
+
−  v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive
+
−_____
+
−
+
−load
+
−
+
−  v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is
+
−  carried
+
−_____
+
−
+
−loan
+
−
+
−  n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest
+
−  payments; something borrowed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−local
+
−
+
−  ad. about or having to do with one place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−lonely
+
−
+
−  ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a
+
−  lonely man")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−long
+
−
+
−  ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for
+
−  much time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−look
+
−
+
−  v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to
+
−  seem to be
+
−_____
+
−
+
−lose
+
−
+
−  v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated
+
−_____
+
−
+
−loud
+
−
+
−  ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise
+
−_____
+
−
+
−love
+
−
+
−  v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes
+
−  involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something;
+
−  opposite hate
+
−_____
+
−
+
−low
+
−
+
−  ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground
+
−_____
+
−
+
−loyal
+
−
+
−  ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−luck
+
−
+
−  n. something that happens by chance
+
−_____
+
−
+
−machine
+
−
+
−  n. a device with moving parts used to do work
+
−_____
+
−
+
−magazine
+
−
+
−  n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mail
+
−
+
−  n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system,
+
−  such as a post office
+
−_____
+
−
+
−main
+
−
+
−  ad. the most important or largest
+
−_____
+
−
+
−major
+
−
+
−  ad. great in size, importance or amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−majority
+
−
+
−  n. the greater number; more than half
+
−_____
+
−
+
−make
+
−
+
−  v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an
+
−  action; to cause to be or to become
+
−_____
+
−
+
−male
+
−
+
−  n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or
+
−  about men
+
−_____
+
−
+
−man
+
−
+
−  n. an adult male human
+
−_____
+
−
+
−manufacture
+
−
+
−  v. to make goods in large amounts
+
−_____
+
−
+
−many
+
−
+
−  ad. a large number or amount of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−map
+
−
+
−  n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it
+
−_____
+
−
+
−march
+
−
+
−  v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group
+
−  to protest about something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mark
+
−
+
−  v. to make a sign or cut on something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−market
+
−
+
−  n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic
+
−  system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are
+
−  and how much money people are willing to pay for them
+
−_____
+
−
+
−marry
+
−
+
−  v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become
+
−  husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mass
+
−
+
−  n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large
+
−  size
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mate
+
−
+
−  v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature
+
−_____
+
−
+
−material
+
−
+
−  n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or
+
−  from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone;
+
−  anything that can be made into something else
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mathematics
+
−
+
−  n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by
+
−  numbers and signs
+
−_____
+
−
+
−matter
+
−
+
−  n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−may
+
−
+
−  v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I
+
−  go?" "They may leave tomorrow.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mayor
+
−
+
−  n. the chief official of a city or town government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−meal
+
−
+
−  n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mean
+
−
+
−  v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−measure
+
−
+
−  v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action
+
−  taken; a legislative proposal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−meat
+
−
+
−  n. the part of a dead animal used for food
+
−_____
+
−
+
−media
+
−
+
−  n. all public information organizations, including newspapers,
+
−  television and radio
+
−_____
+
−
+
−medicine
+
−
+
−  n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or
+
−  study of treating and curing disease or improving health
+
−_____
+
−
+
−meet
+
−
+
−  v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and
+
−  place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−melt
+
−
+
−  v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it
+
−_____
+
−
+
−member
+
−
+
−  n. one of a group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−memorial
+
−
+
−  n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event
+
−_____
+
−
+
−memory
+
−
+
−  n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a
+
−  thing remembered
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mental
+
−
+
−  ad. about or having to do with the mind
+
−_____
+
−
+
−message
+
−
+
−  n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to
+
−  another person or group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−metal
+
−
+
−  n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−method
+
−
+
−  n. the way something is done
+
−_____
+
−
+
−microscope
+
−
+
−  n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be
+
−  studied
+
−_____
+
−
+
−middle
+
−
+
−  n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or
+
−  ends; ad. in the center
+
−_____
+
−
+
−militant
+
−
+
−  n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the
+
−  use of force or violence
+
−_____
+
−
+
−military
+
−
+
−  n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed
+
−  forces
+
−_____
+
−
+
−militia
+
−
+
−  n. an army of citizens instead of professional soldiers; an armed
+
−  force or private army
+
−_____
+
−
+
−milk
+
−
+
−  n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mind
+
−
+
−  n. the thinking, feeling part of a person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mine
+
−
+
−  v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place
+
−  in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the
+
−  ground or under water so it cannot be seen
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mineral
+
−
+
−  n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such
+
−  as coal or salt
+
−_____
+
−
+
−minister
+
−
+
−  n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime
+
−  minister,"foreign minister")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−minor
+
−
+
−  ad. small in size; of little importance
+
−_____
+
−
+
−minority
+
−
+
−  n. the smaller number; opposite majority
+
−_____
+
−
+
−minute
+
−
+
−  n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty
+
−  seconds
+
−_____
+
−
+
−miss
+
−
+
−  v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet
+
−_____
+
−
+
−missile
+
−
+
−  n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes
+
−  when it reaches its target
+
−_____
+
−
+
−missing
+
−
+
−  ad. lost; not found
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mistake
+
−
+
−  n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge
+
−  that it was wrong
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mix
+
−
+
−  v. to put different things together to make one thing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mob
+
−
+
−  n. a large group of wild or angry people
+
−_____
+
−
+
−model
+
−
+
−  n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something
+
−  will look or work
+
−_____
+
−
+
−moderate
+
−
+
−  ad. not extreme
+
−_____
+
−
+
−modern
+
−
+
−  ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved
+
−_____
+
−
+
−money
+
−
+
−  n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things
+
−_____
+
−
+
−month
+
−
+
−  n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided
+
−_____
+
−
+
−moon
+
−
+
−  n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth
+
−  about every twenty-nine days
+
−_____
+
−
+
−moral
+
−
+
−  ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions
+
−_____
+
−
+
−more
+
−
+
−  ad. greater in size or amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−morning
+
−
+
−  n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon
+
−_____
+
−
+
−most
+
−
+
−  ad. greatest in size or amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mother
+
−
+
−  n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children
+
−_____
+
−
+
−motion
+
−
+
−  n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mountain
+
−
+
−  n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around
+
−  it
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mourn
+
−
+
−  v. to express or feel sadness
+
−_____
+
−
+
−move
+
−
+
−  v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go
+
−_____
+
−
+
−movement
+
−
+
−  n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts
+
−  to reach a goal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−movie
+
−
+
−  n. a motion picture; a film
+
−_____
+
−
+
−much
+
−
+
−  ad. great in amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−murder
+
−
+
−  v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another
+
−  person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−music
+
−
+
−  n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument
+
−_____
+
−
+
−must
+
−
+
−  v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to
+
−  school.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−mystery
+
−
+
−  n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a
+
−  secret
+
−_____
+
−
+
−name
+
−
+
−  v. to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word by which a
+
−  person, animal or thing is known or called
+
−_____
+
−
+
−narrow
+
−
+
−  ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from
+
−  one side to the other
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nation
+
−
+
−  n. a country, together with its social and political systems
+
−_____
+
−
+
−native
+
−
+
−  n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there
+
−_____
+
−
+
−natural
+
−
+
−  ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nature
+
−
+
−  n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by
+
−  humans; events or processes not caused by humans
+
−_____
+
−
+
−navy
+
−
+
−  n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea
+
−_____
+
−
+
−near
+
−
+
−  ad. not far; close to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−necessary
+
−
+
−  ad. needed to get a result or effect; required
+
−_____
+
−
+
−need
+
−
+
−  v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do
+
−_____
+
−
+
−negotiate
+
−
+
−  v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution
+
−_____
+
−
+
−neighbor
+
−
+
−  n. a person or country that is next to or near another
+
−_____
+
−
+
−neither
+
−
+
−  ad. not one or the other of two
+
−_____
+
−
+
−neutral
+
−
+
−  ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute
+
−_____
+
−
+
−never
+
−
+
−  ad. at no time; not ever
+
−_____
+
−
+
−new
+
−
+
−  ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built,
+
−  bought or grown; another; different
+
−_____
+
−
+
−news
+
−
+
−  n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the
+
−  media
+
−_____
+
−
+
−next
+
−
+
−  ad. coming immediately after; nearest
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nice
+
−
+
−  ad. pleasing; good; kind
+
−_____
+
−
+
−night
+
−
+
−  n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when
+
−  there is little or no light
+
−_____
+
−
+
−no
+
−
+
−  ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all
+
−_____
+
−
+
−noise
+
−
+
−  n. sound, especially when loud
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nominate
+
−
+
−  v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person
+
−  for an office or position
+
−_____
+
−
+
−noon
+
−
+
−  n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime
+
−_____
+
−
+
−normal
+
−
+
−  n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected
+
−_____
+
−
+
−north
+
−
+
−  n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun
+
−_____
+
−
+
−not
+
−
+
−  ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not
+
−  going.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−note
+
−
+
−  v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written
+
−  to help a person remember; a short letter
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nothing
+
−
+
−  n. not anything; no thing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−now
+
−
+
−  ad. at this time; immediately
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nowhere
+
−
+
−  ad. not in, to or at any place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nuclear
+
−
+
−  ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing
+
−  them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from
+
−  atoms
+
−_____
+
−
+
−number
+
−
+
−  n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things
+
−_____
+
−
+
−obey
+
−
+
−  v. to act as one is ordered to act
+
−_____
+
−
+
−object
+
−
+
−  v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something
+
−  not alive that can be seen or touched
+
−_____
+
−
+
−observe
+
−
+
−  v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something
+
−  ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−occupy
+
−
+
−  v. to take and hold or to control by force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ocean
+
−
+
−  n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of
+
−  the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water
+
−_____
+
−
+
−of
+
−
+
−  prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among
+
−_____
+
−
+
−off
+
−
+
−  ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer
+
−  operating or continuing; not on; not connected
+
−_____
+
−
+
−offensive
+
−
+
−  n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking
+
−_____
+
−
+
−offer
+
−
+
−  v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that
+
−  which is presented or proposed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−office
+
−
+
−  n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public
+
−  position to which one is elected or appointed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−officer
+
−
+
−  n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a
+
−  member of a police force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−official
+
−
+
−  n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an
+
−  organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the
+
−  government or someone in power
+
−_____
+
−
+
−often
+
−
+
−  ad. many times
+
−_____
+
−
+
−oil
+
−
+
−  n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily;
+
−  a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel
+
−_____
+
−
+
−old
+
−
+
−  ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years
+
−_____
+
−
+
−on
+
−
+
−  prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book
+
−  is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The
+
−  report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on
+
−  Wednesday.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−once
+
−
+
−  ad. one time only
+
−_____
+
−
+
−only
+
−
+
−  ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two
+
−  dollars.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−open
+
−
+
−  v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret
+
−_____
+
−
+
−operate
+
−
+
−  v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons
+
−_____
+
−
+
−opinion
+
−
+
−  n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking
+
−_____
+
−
+
−oppose
+
−
+
−  v. to be against; to fight against
+
−_____
+
−
+
−opposite
+
−
+
−  ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the
+
−  other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−oppress
+
−
+
−  v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel
+
−  force or power
+
−_____
+
−
+
−or
+
−
+
−  conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several
+
−  choices
+
−_____
+
−
+
−orbit
+
−
+
−  v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or
+
−  way an object travels in space around another object or planet
+
−_____
+
−
+
−order
+
−
+
−  v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the
+
−  correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in
+
−  which people obey laws
+
−_____
+
−
+
−organize
+
−
+
−  v. to put in order; to put together into a system
+
−_____
+
−
+
−other
+
−
+
−  ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or
+
−  more ">("That man is short; the other is tall.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−our
+
−
+
−  ad. of or belonging to us
+
−_____
+
−
+
−oust
+
−
+
−  v. to force to leave; to remove by force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−out
+
−
+
−  ad. away from the inside; opposite of in
+
−_____
+
−
+
−over
+
−
+
−  conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the
+
−  world")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−overthrow
+
−
+
−  v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−owe
+
−
+
−  v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something
+
−  received
+
−_____
+
−
+
−own
+
−
+
−  v. to have or possess for oneself
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pain
+
−
+
−  n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−paint
+
−
+
−  v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors;
+
−  n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface
+
−_____
+
−
+
−paper
+
−
+
−  n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for
+
−  writing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−parachute
+
−
+
−  n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an
+
−  airplane or helicopter to the ground
+
−_____
+
−
+
−parade
+
−
+
−  n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a
+
−  special event or anniversary
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pardon
+
−
+
−  v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment
+
−_____
+
−
+
−parent
+
−
+
−  n. a father or mother
+
−_____
+
−
+
−parliament
+
−
+
−  n. a government lawmaking group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−part
+
−
+
−  n. something less than the whole; not all of something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−partner
+
−
+
−  n. a person who takes part in some activity in common with another or
+
−  others. (“The two men were business partners.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−party
+
−
+
−  n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group
+
−  of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pass
+
−
+
−  v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or
+
−  permit to go
+
−_____
+
−
+
−passenger
+
−
+
−  n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the
+
−  pilot or driver
+
−_____
+
−
+
−passport
+
−
+
−  n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country
+
−_____
+
−
+
−past
+
−
+
−  n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before;
+
−  former
+
−_____
+
−
+
−path
+
−
+
−  n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves
+
−_____
+
−
+
−patient
+
−
+
−  n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pay
+
−
+
−  v. to give money for work done or for something bought
+
−_____
+
−
+
−peace
+
−
+
−  n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet
+
−_____
+
−
+
−people
+
−
+
−  n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or
+
−  nation ("the American people")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−percent
+
−
+
−  n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−perfect
+
−
+
−  ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good;
+
−  without mistakes
+
−_____
+
−
+
−perform
+
−
+
−  v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−period
+
−
+
−  n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions
+
−_____
+
−
+
−permanent
+
−
+
−  ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−permit
+
−
+
−  v. to let; to make possible
+
−_____
+
−
+
−person
+
−
+
−  n. a man, woman or child
+
−_____
+
−
+
−persuade
+
−
+
−  v. to cause someone to do something by explaining or urging. (“The
+
−  police persuaded the criminal to surrender his weapon.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−physical
+
−
+
−  ad. of the body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−physics
+
−
+
−  n. the study of motion, matter and energy
+
−_____
+
−
+
−picture
+
−
+
−  n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or
+
−  representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is
+
−  made with a camera
+
−_____
+
−
+
−piece
+
−
+
−  n. a part of something larger
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pig
+
−
+
−  n. a farm animal used for its meat
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pilot
+
−
+
−  n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pipe
+
−
+
−  n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas
+
−_____
+
−
+
−place
+
−
+
−  v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space
+
−  where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country
+
−_____
+
−
+
−plan
+
−
+
−  v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing
+
−  something ">("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or
+
−  developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−planet
+
−
+
−  n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−plant
+
−
+
−  v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground
+
−  which gets its food from air, water and earth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−plastic
+
−
+
−  n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into
+
−  things
+
−_____
+
−
+
−play
+
−
+
−  v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on
+
−  an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater
+
−_____
+
−
+
−please
+
−
+
−  v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment
+
−_____
+
−
+
−plenty
+
−
+
−  n. all that is needed; a large enough amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−plot
+
−
+
−  v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or
+
−  illegal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−poem
+
−
+
−  n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express
+
−  emotions
+
−_____
+
−
+
−point
+
−
+
−  v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−poison
+
−
+
−  n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health
+
−_____
+
−
+
−police
+
−
+
−  n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping
+
−  order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency
+
−_____
+
−
+
−policy
+
−
+
−  n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make
+
−  decisions in politics, economics or business
+
−_____
+
−
+
−politics
+
−
+
−  n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pollute
+
−
+
−  v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or
+
−  water
+
−_____
+
−
+
−poor
+
−
+
−  n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad
+
−  quality
+
−_____
+
−
+
−popular
+
−
+
−  ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public
+
−_____
+
−
+
−population
+
−
+
−  n. all the people in a place, city or country
+
−_____
+
−
+
−port
+
−
+
−  n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where
+
−  ships can be safe from a storm
+
−_____
+
−
+
−position
+
−
+
−  n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or
+
−  placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization
+
−_____
+
−
+
−possess
+
−
+
−  v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by
+
−_____
+
−
+
−possible
+
−
+
−  ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen
+
−_____
+
−
+
−postpone
+
−
+
−  v. to delay action until a later time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pour
+
−
+
−  v. to flow; to cause to flow
+
−_____
+
−
+
−poverty
+
−
+
−  n. the condition of being poor
+
−_____
+
−
+
−power
+
−
+
−  n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling
+
−  force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the
+
−  wheel.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−praise
+
−
+
−  v. to say good things about; to approve
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pray
+
−
+
−  v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit
+
−_____
+
−
+
−predict
+
−
+
−  v. to say what one believes will happen in the future. (“The weather
+
−  scientist predicted a cold winter.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pregnant
+
−
+
−  ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to
+
−  give birth to a baby
+
−_____
+
−
+
−present
+
−
+
−  v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the
+
−  committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their
+
−  anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at
+
−  a place ("I was present at school yesterday.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−president
+
−
+
−  n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of
+
−  an organization
+
−_____
+
−
+
−press
+
−
+
−  v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pressure
+
−
+
−  n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against
+
−  something else
+
−_____
+
−
+
−prevent
+
−
+
−  v. to keep or stop from going or happening
+
−_____
+
−
+
−price
+
−
+
−  n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered
+
−  for sale
+
−_____
+
−
+
−prison
+
−
+
−  n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime
+
−_____
+
−
+
−private
+
−
+
−  ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public
+
−_____
+
−
+
−prize
+
−
+
−  n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that
+
−  one must work hard for to get
+
−_____
+
−
+
−probably
+
−
+
−  ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible
+
−_____
+
−
+
−problem
+
−
+
−  n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer
+
−_____
+
−
+
−process
+
−
+
−  n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result
+
−_____
+
−
+
−produce
+
−
+
−  v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture
+
−_____
+
−
+
−profession
+
−
+
−  n. a job that requires special training
+
−_____
+
−
+
−professor
+
−
+
−  n. a teacher at a college or university
+
−_____
+
−
+
−profit
+
−
+
−  n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of
+
−  that activity
+
−_____
+
−
+
−program
+
−
+
−  n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or
+
−  show
+
−_____
+
−
+
−progress
+
−
+
−  n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−project
+
−
+
−  n. a planned effort to do something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−promise
+
−
+
−  v. to say one will do something; n. a spoken or written agreement to
+
−  do something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−propaganda
+
−
+
−  n. ideas or information used to influence opinions
+
−_____
+
−
+
−property
+
−
+
−  n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods
+
−_____
+
−
+
−propose
+
−
+
−  v. to present or offer for consideration
+
−_____
+
−
+
−protect
+
−
+
−  v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged
+
−_____
+
−
+
−protest
+
−
+
−  v. to speak against; to object
+
−_____
+
−
+
−prove
+
−
+
−  v. to show to be true
+
−_____
+
−
+
−provide
+
−
+
−  v. to give something needed or wanted
+
−_____
+
−
+
−public
+
−
+
−  ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite
+
−  private
+
−_____
+
−
+
−publication
+
−
+
−  n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine
+
−_____
+
−
+
−publish
+
−
+
−  v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a
+
−  book, newspaper or magazine
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pull
+
−
+
−  v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the
+
−  force; opposite push
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pump
+
−
+
−  v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through
+
−_____
+
−
+
−punish
+
−
+
−  v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−purchase
+
−
+
−  v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which
+
−  is bought
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pure
+
−
+
−  ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean
+
−_____
+
−
+
−purpose
+
−
+
−  n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−push
+
−
+
−  v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using
+
−  the force; opposite pull
+
−_____
+
−
+
−put
+
−
+
−  v. to place; to set in position
+
−_____
+
−
+
−quality
+
−
+
−  n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality
+
−  of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their
+
−  goods are of the highest quality.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−question
+
−
+
−  v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used
+
−  in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−quick
+
−
+
−  ad. fast
+
−_____
+
−
+
−quiet
+
−
+
−  ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm
+
−_____
+
−
+
−race
+
−
+
−  v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can
+
−  move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one
+
−  of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a
+
−  common physical similarity, such as skin color
+
−_____
+
−
+
−radar
+
−
+
−  n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of
+
−  objects that may be too far away to be seen
+
−_____
+
−
+
−radiation
+
−
+
−  n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy
+
−  from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous
+
−_____
+
−
+
−radio
+
−
+
−  n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the
+
−  air without wires
+
−_____
+
−
+
−raid
+
−
+
−  v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act
+
−  of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−railroad
+
−
+
−  n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its
+
−  stations and equipment
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rain
+
−
+
−  n. water falling from the sky
+
−_____
+
−
+
−raise
+
−
+
−  v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to
+
−  increase
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rape
+
−
+
−  v. to carry out a sexual attack by force against a person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rare
+
−
+
−  ad. not common; not usual; not often
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rate
+
−
+
−  n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the
+
−  price of any thing or service that is bought or sold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−reach
+
−
+
−  v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−react
+
−
+
−  v. to act as a result of or in answer to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−read
+
−
+
−  v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ready
+
−
+
−  ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−real
+
−
+
−  ad. true; truly existing; not false
+
−_____
+
−
+
−realistic
+
−
+
−  ad. in agreement with the way things are
+
−_____
+
−
+
−reason
+
−
+
−  n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains
+
−_____
+
−
+
−reasonable
+
−
+
−  ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing
+
−  to compromise
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rebel
+
−
+
−  v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse
+
−  to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or
+
−  her country
+
−_____
+
−
+
−receive
+
−
+
−  v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent
+
−_____
+
−
+
−recent
+
−
+
−  ad. a short time ago
+
−_____
+
−
+
−recession
+
−
+
−  n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce
+
−  less and many workers lose their jobs
+
−_____
+
−
+
−recognize
+
−
+
−  v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known
+
−  about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and
+
−  establish diplomatic ties with its government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−record
+
−
+
−  v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound
+
−  or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a
+
−  writing that shows proof or facts about something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−recover
+
−
+
−  v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The
+
−  police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or
+
−  normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−red
+
−
+
−  ad. having the color like that of blood
+
−_____
+
−
+
−reduce
+
−
+
−  v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut
+
−_____
+
−
+
−reform
+
−
+
−  v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better
+
−  condition
+
−_____
+
−
+
−refugee
+
−
+
−  n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment,
+
−  danger or war
+
−_____
+
−
+
−refuse
+
−
+
−  v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−register
+
−
+
−  v. to have one’s name officially placed on a list of people permitted
+
−  to vote in an election or take part in an educational program
+
−_____
+
−
+
−regret
+
−
+
−  n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that
+
−  happens
+
−_____
+
−
+
−reject
+
−
+
−  v. to refuse to accept, use or believe
+
−_____
+
−
+
−relations
+
−
+
−  n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family;
+
−  people connected by marriage or family ties
+
−_____
+
−
+
−release
+
−
+
−  v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public
+
−_____
+
−
+
−religion
+
−
+
−  n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods
+
−_____
+
−
+
−remain
+
−
+
−  v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same
+
−_____
+
−
+
−remains
+
−
+
−  n. a dead body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−remember
+
−
+
−  v. to think about the past; opposite forget
+
−_____
+
−
+
−remove
+
−
+
−  v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a
+
−  position or office
+
−_____
+
−
+
−repair
+
−
+
−  n. work done to fix something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−repeat
+
−
+
−  v. to say or do again
+
−_____
+
−
+
−report
+
−
+
−  v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n.
+
−  the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a
+
−  statement in which the facts may not be confirmed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−represent
+
−
+
−  v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as
+
−  an example
+
−_____
+
−
+
−repress
+
−
+
−  v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−request
+
−
+
−  v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for
+
−_____
+
−
+
−require
+
−
+
−  v. to need or demand as necessary
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rescue
+
−
+
−  v. to free from danger or evil
+
−_____
+
−
+
−research
+
−
+
−  n. a careful study to discover correct information
+
−_____
+
−
+
−resign
+
−
+
−  v. to leave a position, job or office
+
−_____
+
−
+
−resist
+
−
+
−  v. to oppose; to fight to prevent
+
−_____
+
−
+
−resolution
+
−
+
−  n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually
+
−  reached by voting
+
−_____
+
−
+
−resource
+
−
+
−  n. anything of value that can be used or sold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−respect
+
−
+
−  v. to feel or show honor to a person or thing (“All citizens should
+
−  respect the law.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−responsible
+
−
+
−  ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the
+
−  report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the
+
−  accident.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rest
+
−
+
−  v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which
+
−  remains; the others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−restaurant
+
−
+
−  n. a place where people can buy and eat meals
+
−_____
+
−
+
−restrain
+
−
+
−  v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−restrict
+
−
+
−  v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger
+
−_____
+
−
+
−result
+
−
+
−  v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a
+
−  cause; effect
+
−_____
+
−
+
−retire
+
−
+
−  v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health
+
−_____
+
−
+
−return
+
−
+
−  v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back
+
−_____
+
−
+
−revolt
+
−
+
−  v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of
+
−  government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rice
+
−
+
−  n. a food grain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rich
+
−
+
−  ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ride
+
−
+
−  v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled
+
−  vehicle, airplane or boat
+
−_____
+
−
+
−right
+
−
+
−  n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It
+
−  is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct;
+
−  opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing
+
−  north; opposite left
+
−_____
+
−
+
−riot
+
−
+
−  v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a
+
−  violent action by a large group of people
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rise
+
−
+
−  v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of
+
−  sitting or lying to a position of standing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−risk
+
−
+
−  n. the chance of loss, damage or injury
+
−_____
+
−
+
−river
+
−
+
−  n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river,
+
−  a lake or an ocean
+
−_____
+
−
+
−road
+
−
+
−  n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can
+
−  walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rob
+
−
+
−  v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rock
+
−
+
−  n. a hard piece of mineral matter
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rocket
+
−
+
−  n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by
+
−  burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom,
+
−  sometimes used as a weapon
+
−_____
+
−
+
−roll
+
−
+
−  v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball
+
−_____
+
−
+
−room
+
−
+
−  n. a separate area within a building with its own walls
+
−_____
+
−
+
−root
+
−
+
−  n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients
+
−  from the soil
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rope
+
−
+
−  n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of
+
−  material, used for tying
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rough
+
−
+
−  ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made
+
−  well
+
−_____
+
−
+
−round
+
−
+
−  ad. having the shape of a ball or circle
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rub
+
−
+
−  v. to move something over the surface of another thing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rubber
+
−
+
−  n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a
+
−  similar substance made from chemicals
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ruin
+
−
+
−  v. to damage severely; to destroy
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rule
+
−
+
−  v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that
+
−  says how something must be done
+
−_____
+
−
+
−run
+
−
+
−  v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking
+
−_____
+
−
+
−rural
+
−
+
−  ad. describing areas away from cities which may include farms, small
+
−  towns and unpopulated areas
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sabotage
+
−
+
−  v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation
+
−  ("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sacrifice
+
−
+
−  v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea,
+
−  goal or another person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sad
+
−
+
−  ad. not happy
+
−_____
+
−
+
−safe
+
−
+
−  ad. away from harm or danger
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sail
+
−
+
−  v. to travel by boat or ship
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sailor
+
−
+
−  n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship
+
−_____
+
−
+
−salt
+
−
+
−  n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to
+
−  affect the taste of food
+
−_____
+
−
+
−same
+
−
+
−  ad. not different; not changed; like another or others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sand
+
−
+
−  n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in
+
−  deserts and on coasts
+
−_____
+
−
+
−satellite
+
−
+
−  n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an
+
−  object placed in orbit around the earth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−satisfy
+
−
+
−  v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded
+
−_____
+
−
+
−save
+
−
+
−  v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use
+
−_____
+
−
+
−say
+
−
+
−  v. to speak; to express in words
+
−_____
+
−
+
−school
+
−
+
−  n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn
+
−_____
+
−
+
−science
+
−
+
−  n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the
+
−  knowledge gained about them
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sea
+
−
+
−  n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean
+
−_____
+
−
+
−search
+
−
+
−  v. to look for carefully
+
−_____
+
−
+
−season
+
−
+
−  n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's
+
−  position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of
+
−  time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy
+
−  season"); a period during the year when something usually happens
+
−  ("baseball season")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−seat
+
−
+
−  n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a
+
−  seat in parliament")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−second
+
−
+
−  ad. the one that comes after the first
+
−_____
+
−
+
−secret
+
−
+
−  n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad.
+
−  hidden from others; known only to a few
+
−_____
+
−
+
−security
+
−
+
−  n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to
+
−  protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−see
+
−
+
−  v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know
+
−_____
+
−
+
−seed
+
−
+
−  n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow
+
−_____
+
−
+
−seek(ing)
+
−
+
−  v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to
+
−  get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do
+
−  ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−seem
+
−
+
−  v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−seize
+
−
+
−  v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest
+
−_____
+
−
+
−self
+
−
+
−  n. all that which makes one person different from others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sell
+
−
+
−  v. to give something in exchange for money
+
−_____
+
−
+
−Senate
+
−
+
−  n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries,
+
−  such as in the United States Congress
+
−_____
+
−
+
−send
+
−
+
−  v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or
+
−  directed to or away from a place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sense
+
−
+
−  v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n.
+
−  any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sentence
+
−
+
−  v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a
+
−  crime
+
−_____
+
−
+
−separate
+
−
+
−  v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent
+
−  from others; ad. not together or connected; different
+
−_____
+
−
+
−series
+
−
+
−  n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another
+
−  in time, position or order
+
−_____
+
−
+
−serious
+
−
+
−  ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous
+
−_____
+
−
+
−serve
+
−
+
−  v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist
+
−  or help
+
−_____
+
−
+
−service
+
−
+
−  n. an organization or system that provides something for the public
+
−  ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an
+
−  organization or business can do for money; military organizations such
+
−  as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony
+
−_____
+
−
+
−set
+
−
+
−  v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit
+
−_____
+
−
+
−settle
+
−
+
−  v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a
+
−  new place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−several
+
−
+
−  ad. three or more, but not many
+
−_____
+
−
+
−severe
+
−
+
−  ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sex
+
−
+
−  n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals
+
−  are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical
+
−  activity by which humans and animals can produce young
+
−_____
+
−
+
−shake
+
−
+
−  v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements
+
−_____
+
−
+
−shape
+
−
+
−  v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks
+
−_____
+
−
+
−share
+
−
+
−  v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging
+
−  to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the
+
−  equal parts of ownership of a business or company
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sharp
+
−
+
−  ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing
+
−  hurt or pain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−she
+
−
+
−  pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sheep
+
−
+
−  n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair
+
−_____
+
−
+
−shell
+
−
+
−  v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large
+
−  gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover
+
−_____
+
−
+
−shelter
+
−
+
−  v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives
+
−  protection; a place of safety
+
−_____
+
−
+
−shine
+
−
+
−  v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to
+
−  make bright
+
−_____
+
−
+
−ship
+
−
+
−  v. to transport; n. a large boat
+
−_____
+
−
+
−shock
+
−
+
−  v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly
+
−  affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake
+
−_____
+
−
+
−shoe
+
−
+
−  n. a covering for the foot
+
−_____
+
−
+
−shoot
+
−
+
−  v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to
+
−  kill; to use a gun
+
−_____
+
−
+
−short
+
−
+
−  ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall
+
−_____
+
−
+
−should
+
−
+
−  v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We
+
−  should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that
+
−  something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be
+
−  punished.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−shout
+
−
+
−  v. to speak very loudly
+
−_____
+
−
+
−show
+
−
+
−  v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story
+
−  presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for
+
−  enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public
+
−_____
+
−
+
−shrink
+
−
+
−  v. to make or become less in size, weight or value
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sick
+
−
+
−  ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem;
+
−  not in good health
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sickness
+
−
+
−  n. the condition of being in bad health
+
−_____
+
−
+
−side
+
−
+
−  n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom;
+
−  parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sign
+
−
+
−  v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something;
+
−  evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of
+
−  material with writing that gives information
+
−_____
+
−
+
−signal
+
−
+
−  v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a
+
−  message
+
−_____
+
−
+
−silence
+
−
+
−  v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of
+
−  noise or sound
+
−_____
+
−
+
−silver
+
−
+
−  n. a valued white metal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−similar
+
−
+
−  ad. like something else but not exactly the same
+
−_____
+
−
+
−simple
+
−
+
−  ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex
+
−_____
+
−
+
−since
+
−
+
−  prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we
+
−  went to school together.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sing
+
−
+
−  v. to make music sounds with the voice
+
−_____
+
−
+
−single
+
−
+
−  ad. one only
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sink
+
−
+
−  v. to go down into water or other liquid
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sister
+
−
+
−  n. a female with the same father or mother as another person
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sit
+
−
+
−  v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the
+
−  legs; to become seated
+
−_____
+
−
+
−situation
+
−
+
−  n. the way things are during a period of time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−size
+
−
+
−  n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something
+
−  is
+
−_____
+
−
+
−skeleton
+
−
+
−  n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal
+
−  positions
+
−_____
+
−
+
−skill
+
−
+
−  n. the ability gained from training or experience
+
−_____
+
−
+
−skin
+
−
+
−  n. the outer covering of humans and most animals
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sky
+
−
+
−  n. the space above the earth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−slave
+
−
+
−  n. a person owned or controlled by another
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sleep
+
−
+
−  v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−slide
+
−
+
−  v. to move smoothly over a surface
+
−_____
+
−
+
−slow
+
−
+
−  v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other
+
−  activities
+
−_____
+
−
+
−small
+
−
+
−  ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite
+
−  large
+
−_____
+
−
+
−smash
+
−
+
−  v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move
+
−  with >force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−smell
+
−
+
−  v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the
+
−  smell of food cooking")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−smoke
+
−
+
−  v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and
+
−  breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air
+
−  like a cloud from something burning
+
−_____
+
−
+
−smooth
+
−
+
−  ad. having a level surface; opposite rough
+
−_____
+
−
+
−snow
+
−
+
−  n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually
+
−  in winter or when the air temperature is very cold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−so
+
−
+
−  ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it.");
+
−  also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick.");
+
−  as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in
+
−  order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the
+
−  plans.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−social
+
−
+
−  ad. of or about people or a group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−soft
+
−
+
−  ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud
+
−_____
+
−
+
−soil
+
−
+
−  n. earth in which plants grow
+
−_____
+
−
+
−soldier
+
−
+
−  n. a person in the army
+
−_____
+
−
+
−solid
+
−
+
−  ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in
+
−  the form of a liquid or gas
+
−_____
+
−
+
−solve
+
−
+
−  v. to find an answer; to settle
+
−_____
+
−
+
−some
+
−
+
−  ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all
+
−_____
+
−
+
−son
+
−
+
−  n. a person's male child
+
−_____
+
−
+
−soon
+
−
+
−  ad. not long after the present time; quickly
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sort
+
−
+
−  n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in
+
−  some way; a kind of something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sound
+
−
+
−  n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in
+
−  hearing; that which is heard
+
−_____
+
−
+
−south
+
−
+
−  n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun
+
−_____
+
−
+
−space
+
−
+
−  n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon,
+
−  planets and stars are; the area between or inside things
+
−_____
+
−
+
−speak
+
−
+
−  v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to
+
−  others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−special
+
−
+
−  ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or
+
−  more important than others of the same kind
+
−_____
+
−
+
−speech
+
−
+
−  n. a talk given to a group of people
+
−_____
+
−
+
−speed
+
−
+
−  v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something
+
−  moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done
+
−_____
+
−
+
−spend
+
−
+
−  v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−spill
+
−
+
−  v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident
+
−_____
+
−
+
−spirit
+
−
+
−  n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to
+
−  thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain
+
−  alive after death
+
−_____
+
−
+
−split
+
−
+
−  v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sport
+
−
+
−  n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or
+
−  skill
+
−_____
+
−
+
−spread
+
−
+
−  v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known
+
−_____
+
−
+
−spring
+
−
+
−  n. the time of the year between winter and summer
+
−_____
+
−
+
−spy
+
−
+
−  v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others
+
−  secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information
+
−  about another country
+
−_____
+
−
+
−square
+
−
+
−  n. a flat shape having four equal sides
+
−_____
+
−
+
−stab
+
−
+
−  v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon
+
−_____
+
−
+
−stand
+
−
+
−  v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a
+
−  surface; to be in one position or place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−star
+
−
+
−  n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at
+
−  night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or
+
−  singer
+
−_____
+
−
+
−start
+
−
+
−  v. to begin; to make something begin
+
−_____
+
−
+
−starve
+
−
+
−  v. to suffer or die from a lack of food
+
−_____
+
−
+
−state
+
−
+
−  v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation
+
−_____
+
−
+
−station
+
−
+
−  n. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place
+
−  where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or
+
−  television broadcasts
+
−_____
+
−
+
−statue
+
−
+
−  n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone,
+
−  wood or metal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−stay
+
−
+
−  v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live
+
−  for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−steal
+
−
+
−  v. to take without permission or paying
+
−_____
+
−
+
−steam
+
−
+
−  n. the gas that comes from hot water
+
−_____
+
−
+
−steel
+
−
+
−  n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances
+
−_____
+
−
+
−step
+
−
+
−  v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n.
+
−  the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a
+
−  goal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−stick
+
−
+
−  v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will
+
−  hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement
+
−  is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece
+
−  of wood
+
−_____
+
−
+
−still
+
−
+
−  ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a
+
−  stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was
+
−  difficult, but she still wanted to do it.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−stone
+
−
+
−  n. a small piece of rock
+
−_____
+
−
+
−stop
+
−
+
−  v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end
+
−_____
+
−
+
−store
+
−
+
−  v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy
+
−  things
+
−_____
+
−
+
−storm
+
−
+
−  n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow
+
−_____
+
−
+
−story
+
−
+
−  n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined
+
−_____
+
−
+
−stove
+
−
+
−  n. a heating device used for cooking
+
−_____
+
−
+
−straight
+
−
+
−  ad. continuing in one direction without turns
+
−_____
+
−
+
−strange
+
−
+
−  ad. unusual; not normal; not known
+
−_____
+
−
+
−street
+
−
+
−  n. a road in a city, town or village
+
−_____
+
−
+
−stretch
+
−
+
−  v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider
+
−_____
+
−
+
−strike
+
−
+
−  v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions,
+
−  more pay or to make other demands
+
−_____
+
−
+
−strong
+
−
+
−  ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−structure
+
−
+
−  n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is
+
−  formed or organized in a special way; a building
+
−_____
+
−
+
−struggle
+
−
+
−  v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight
+
−_____
+
−
+
−study
+
−
+
−  v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine
+
−  carefully
+
−_____
+
−
+
−stupid
+
−
+
−  ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent
+
−_____
+
−
+
−subject
+
−
+
−  n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about
+
−_____
+
−
+
−submarine
+
−
+
−  n. an underwater ship
+
−_____
+
−
+
−substance
+
−
+
−  n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−substitute
+
−
+
−  v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used
+
−  in place of another
+
−_____
+
−
+
−subversion
+
−
+
−  n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government,
+
−  usually secretly
+
−_____
+
−
+
−succeed
+
−
+
−  v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result
+
−_____
+
−
+
−such
+
−
+
−  ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sudden
+
−
+
−  ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or
+
−  without preparation
+
−_____
+
−
+
−suffer
+
−
+
−  v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or
+
−  sadness
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sugar
+
−
+
−  n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants
+
−_____
+
−
+
−suggest
+
−
+
−  v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider
+
−_____
+
−
+
−suicide
+
−
+
−  n. the act of killing oneself
+
−_____
+
−
+
−summer
+
−
+
−  n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sun
+
−
+
−  n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−supervise
+
−
+
−  v. to direct and observe the work of others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−supply
+
−
+
−  v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given
+
−  or sold to others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−support
+
−
+
−  v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with
+
−  others and help them reach a goal; to approve
+
−_____
+
−
+
−suppose
+
−
+
−  v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to
+
−  expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−suppress
+
−
+
−  v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from
+
−  being known publicly
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sure
+
−
+
−  ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question
+
−_____
+
−
+
−surface
+
−
+
−  n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the
+
−  surface of the moon.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−surplus
+
−
+
−  n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a
+
−  trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−surprise
+
−
+
−  v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n.
+
−  something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected
+
−_____
+
−
+
−surrender
+
−
+
−  v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others;
+
−  to stop fighting and admit defeat
+
−_____
+
−
+
−surround
+
−
+
−  v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or
+
−  something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−survive
+
−
+
−  v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation
+
−_____
+
−
+
−suspect
+
−
+
−  v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or
+
−  illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty
+
−_____
+
−
+
−suspend
+
−
+
−  v. to cause to stop for a period of time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−swallow
+
−
+
−  v. to take into the stomach through the mouth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−swear in
+
−
+
−  v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to
+
−  carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in
+
−  the president.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sweet
+
−
+
−  ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar
+
−_____
+
−
+
−swim
+
−
+
−  v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs
+
−_____
+
−
+
−sympathy
+
−
+
−  n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually
+
−  feelings of sadness
+
−_____
+
−
+
−system
+
−
+
−  n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a
+
−  plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a
+
−  common purpose or goal
+
−_____
+
−
+
−take
+
−
+
−  v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move
+
−  it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to
+
−  begin to be in control ("The president takes office tomorrow.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−talk
+
−
+
−  v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tall
+
−
+
−  ad. higher than others; opposite short
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tank
+
−
+
−  n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle
+
−  with guns
+
−_____
+
−
+
−target
+
−
+
−  n. any person or object aimed at or fired at
+
−_____
+
−
+
−taste
+
−
+
−  v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tax
+
−
+
−  n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the
+
−  government can provide services
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tea
+
−
+
−  n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
+
−_____
+
−
+
−teach
+
−
+
−  v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to
+
−  understand
+
−_____
+
−
+
−team
+
−
+
−  n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tear
+
−
+
−  v. to pull apart, often by force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−technical
+
−
+
−  ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry,
+
−  transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of
+
−  subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this
+
−  system works.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−technology
+
−
+
−  n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and
+
−  services
+
−_____
+
−
+
−telephone
+
−
+
−  n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over
+
−  distances
+
−_____
+
−
+
−telescope
+
−
+
−  n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and
+
−  larger
+
−_____
+
−
+
−television
+
−
+
−  n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into
+
−  pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by
+
−  electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on
+
−  a receiver
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tell
+
−
+
−  v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to
+
−  command
+
−_____
+
−
+
−temperature
+
−
+
−  n. the measurement of heat and cold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−temporary
+
−
+
−  ad. lasting only a short time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tense
+
−
+
−  ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm
+
−_____
+
−
+
−term
+
−
+
−  n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries
+
−  out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the
+
−  conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved
+
−  in it
+
−_____
+
−
+
−terrible
+
−
+
−  ad. very bad; causing terror or fear
+
−_____
+
−
+
−territory
+
−
+
−  n. a large area of land
+
−_____
+
−
+
−terror
+
−
+
−  n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear
+
−_____
+
−
+
−terrorist
+
−
+
−  n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a
+
−  way to influence a government
+
−_____
+
−
+
−test
+
−
+
−  v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will
+
−  act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine
+
−  soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how
+
−  it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes
+
−  place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a
+
−  person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−than
+
−
+
−  conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are
+
−  not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−thank
+
−
+
−  v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that
+
−  person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−that
+
−
+
−  ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man
+
−  is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about
+
−  ("The building that I saw was very large.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−the
+
−
+
−  pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing
+
−  that is known about or is being spoken about
+
−_____
+
−
+
−theater
+
−
+
−  n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−them
+
−
+
−  pro. other people being spoken about
+
−_____
+
−
+
−then
+
−
+
−  ad. at that time; existing; and so
+
−_____
+
−
+
−theory
+
−
+
−  n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something
+
−  happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven
+
−  ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of
+
−  dinosaurs.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−there
+
−
+
−  ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−these
+
−
+
−  pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been
+
−  spoken about already
+
−_____
+
−
+
−they
+
−
+
−  pro. those ones being spoken about
+
−_____
+
−
+
−thick
+
−
+
−  ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall
+
−  is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest
+
−  is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow
+
−  easily; opposite thin
+
−_____
+
−
+
−thin
+
−
+
−  ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat;
+
−  not wide; opposite thick
+
−_____
+
−
+
−thing
+
−
+
−  n. any object
+
−_____
+
−
+
−think
+
−
+
−  v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to
+
−  believe
+
−_____
+
−
+
−third
+
−
+
−  ad. coming after two others
+
−_____
+
−
+
−this
+
−
+
−  pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been
+
−  spoken about already
+
−_____
+
−
+
−threaten
+
−
+
−  v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage
+
−_____
+
−
+
−through
+
−
+
−  prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top
+
−  to bottom; with the help of; by
+
−_____
+
−
+
−throw
+
−
+
−  v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tie
+
−
+
−  v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins
+
−  or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade
+
−  ties.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−time
+
−
+
−  n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period
+
−  that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a
+
−  period when an event should or will take place
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tired
+
−
+
−  ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or
+
−  rest
+
−_____
+
−
+
−to
+
−
+
−  prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place
+
−  toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose
+
−_____
+
−
+
−today
+
−
+
−  n. this day
+
−_____
+
−
+
−together
+
−
+
−  ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tomorrow
+
−
+
−  n. the day after today
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tonight
+
−
+
−  n. this night
+
−_____
+
−
+
−too
+
−
+
−  ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tool
+
−
+
−  n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work
+
−_____
+
−
+
−top
+
−
+
−  n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−torture
+
−
+
−  v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to
+
−  harm, to punish or to get information from
+
−_____
+
−
+
−total
+
−
+
−  n. the complete amount
+
−_____
+
−
+
−touch
+
−
+
−  v. to put the hand or fingers on
+
−_____
+
−
+
−toward
+
−
+
−  prep. in the direction of; leading to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−town
+
−
+
−  n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large
+
−  as a city
+
−_____
+
−
+
−trade
+
−
+
−  v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity
+
−  of buying, selling or exchanging products or services
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tradition
+
−
+
−  n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time
+
−_____
+
−
+
−traffic
+
−
+
−  n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or
+
−  waterway
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tragic
+
−
+
−  ad. extremely sad; terrible
+
−_____
+
−
+
−train
+
−
+
−  v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity;
+
−  n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad
+
−_____
+
−
+
−transport
+
−
+
−  v. to move goods or people from one place to another
+
−_____
+
−
+
−transportation
+
−
+
−  n. the act or business of moving goods or people
+
−_____
+
−
+
−trap
+
−
+
−  v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or
+
−  escape; n. a device used to catch animals
+
−_____
+
−
+
−travel
+
−
+
−  v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance
+
−_____
+
−
+
−treason
+
−
+
−  n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its
+
−  enemies
+
−_____
+
−
+
−treasure
+
−
+
−  n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value
+
−_____
+
−
+
−treat
+
−
+
−  v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure
+
−_____
+
−
+
−treatment
+
−
+
−  n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make
+
−  better
+
−_____
+
−
+
−treaty
+
−
+
−  n. a written agreement between two or more nations
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tree
+
−
+
−  n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves
+
−_____
+
−
+
−trial
+
−
+
−  n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a
+
−  charge is true
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tribe
+
−
+
−  n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader
+
−_____
+
−
+
−trick
+
−
+
−  v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or
+
−  her do something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−trip
+
−
+
−  n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance
+
−_____
+
−
+
−troops
+
−
+
−  n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group
+
−_____
+
−
+
−trouble
+
−
+
−  n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems
+
−_____
+
−
+
−truce
+
−
+
−  n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved
+
−_____
+
−
+
−truck
+
−
+
−  n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods
+
−_____
+
−
+
−true
+
−
+
−  ad. correct; not false
+
−_____
+
−
+
−trust
+
−
+
−  v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm
+
−_____
+
−
+
−try
+
−
+
−  v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide
+
−  if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tube
+
−
+
−  n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a
+
−  long, thin container in which they can be kept
+
−_____
+
−
+
−turn
+
−
+
−  v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change
+
−  color, form or shape
+
−_____
+
−
+
−under
+
−
+
−  prep. below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law,
+
−  agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action
+
−  is not permitted under the law.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−understand
+
−
+
−  v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of
+
−_____
+
−
+
−unite
+
−
+
−  v. to join together
+
−_____
+
−
+
−universe
+
−
+
−  n. all of space, including planets and stars
+
−_____
+
−
+
−university
+
−
+
−  n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and
+
−  research organizations
+
−_____
+
−
+
−unless
+
−
+
−  conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless
+
−  the rain stops.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−until
+
−
+
−  conj. up to a time; before
+
−_____
+
−
+
−up
+
−
+
−  ad. to, in or at a higher position or value
+
−_____
+
−
+
−urge
+
−
+
−  v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do
+
−  something
+
−_____
+
−
+
−urgent
+
−
+
−  ad. needing an immediate decision or action
+
−_____
+
−
+
−us
+
−
+
−  pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he
+
−  would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us
+
−  yesterday.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−use
+
−
+
−  v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action
+
−_____
+
−
+
−usual
+
−
+
−  ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard
+
−_____
+
−
+
−vacation
+
−
+
−  n. a holiday; a period of time for travel, pleasure or rest,
+
−  especially one with pay given to an employee
+
−_____
+
−
+
−vaccine
+
−
+
−  n. a substance containing killed or weakened organisms given to a
+
−  person or animal to produce protection against a disease
+
−_____
+
−
+
−valley
+
−
+
−  n. a long area of land between higher areas of land
+
−_____
+
−
+
−value
+
−
+
−  n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of
+
−  money that could be received if something is sold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−vegetable
+
−
+
−  n. a plant grown for food
+
−_____
+
−
+
−vehicle
+
−
+
−  n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be
+
−  transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck
+
−_____
+
−
+
−version
+
−
+
−  n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later
+
−  forms
+
−_____
+
−
+
−very
+
−
+
−  ad. extremely ("He was very late.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−veto
+
−
+
−  v. to reject or refuse to approve
+
−_____
+
−
+
−victim
+
−
+
−  n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer;
+
−  someone who is tricked
+
−_____
+
−
+
−victory
+
−
+
−  n. a success in a fight or competition
+
−_____
+
−
+
−video
+
−
+
−  n. a method of recording images and sound without a traditional film
+
−  camera to be shown on a television, computer or other device
+
−_____
+
−
+
−village
+
−
+
−  n. a very small town
+
−_____
+
−
+
−violate
+
−
+
−  v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−violence
+
−
+
−  n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage
+
−_____
+
−
+
−visa
+
−
+
−  n. the official permission given to a person to enter a country where
+
−  he or she is not a citizen
+
−_____
+
−
+
−visit
+
−
+
−  v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or
+
−  business reasons
+
−_____
+
−
+
−voice
+
−
+
−  n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking
+
−_____
+
−
+
−volcano
+
−
+
−  n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can
+
−  explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air
+
−_____
+
−
+
−volunteer
+
−
+
−  n. a person who chooses to do something without being asked, usually
+
−  without being paid
+
−_____
+
−
+
−vote
+
−
+
−  v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision
+
−  expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wages
+
−
+
−  n. money received for work done
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wait
+
−
+
−  v. to delay acting; to postpone
+
−_____
+
−
+
−walk
+
−
+
−  v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wall
+
−
+
−  n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other
+
−  material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land
+
−_____
+
−
+
−want
+
−
+
−  v. to desire; to wish for; to need
+
−_____
+
−
+
−war
+
−
+
−  n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons
+
−_____
+
−
+
−warm
+
−
+
−  ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat
+
−_____
+
−
+
−warn
+
−
+
−  v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad
+
−  that may happen
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wash
+
−
+
−  v. to make clean, usually with water
+
−_____
+
−
+
−waste
+
−
+
−  v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a
+
−  spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned;
+
−  something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid
+
−  substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the
+
−  body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−watch
+
−
+
−  v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for
+
−_____
+
−
+
−water
+
−
+
−  n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes,
+
−  rivers and oceans
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wave
+
−
+
−  v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the
+
−  wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large
+
−  mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean
+
−_____
+
−
+
−way
+
−
+
−  n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method
+
−_____
+
−
+
−we
+
−
+
−  pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I
+
−  will go together, and we will return together.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−weak
+
−
+
−  ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite
+
−  strong
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wealth
+
−
+
−  n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value
+
−_____
+
−
+
−weapon
+
−
+
−  n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or
+
−  war
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wear
+
−
+
−  v. to have on the body, as clothes
+
−_____
+
−
+
−weather
+
−
+
−  n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain,
+
−  heat or cold
+
−_____
+
−
+
−Web site
+
−
+
−  n. a collection of information prepared by a person or organization on
+
−  the World Wide Web of the Internet
+
−_____
+
−
+
−week
+
−
+
−  n. a period of time equal to seven days
+
−_____
+
−
+
−weigh
+
−
+
−  v. to measure how heavy someone or something is
+
−_____
+
−
+
−welcome
+
−
+
−  v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something
+
−  develops
+
−_____
+
−
+
−well
+
−
+
−  ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in
+
−  the ground where water, gas or oil can be found
+
−_____
+
−
+
−west
+
−
+
−  n. the direction in which the sun goes down
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wet
+
−
+
−  ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry
+
−_____
+
−
+
−what
+
−
+
−  pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about
+
−  something ("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to
+
−  know what you would like to drink.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wheat
+
−
+
−  n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wheel
+
−
+
−  n. a round structure that turns around a center
+
−_____
+
−
+
−when
+
−
+
−  ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj.
+
−  during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−where
+
−
+
−  ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house
+
−  where he lives is in the old part of the city.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−whether
+
−
+
−  conj. if it be the case or fact that (“He did not know whether he was
+
−  right or wrong.”)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−which
+
−
+
−  pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or
+
−  people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take
+
−  the test?")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−while
+
−
+
−  n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at
+
−  or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you
+
−  are running.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−white
+
−
+
−  ad. having the color like that of milk or snow
+
−_____
+
−
+
−who
+
−
+
−  pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the
+
−  person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−whole
+
−
+
−  ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into
+
−  pieces
+
−_____
+
−
+
−why
+
−
+
−  ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason
+
−  for which ("I do not know why she did it.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wide
+
−
+
−  ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wife
+
−
+
−  n. a woman who is married
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wild
+
−
+
−  ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or
+
−  supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled
+
−_____
+
−
+
−will
+
−
+
−  v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will
+
−  hold talks tomorrow.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−willing
+
−
+
−  ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about
+
−  the problem.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−win
+
−
+
−  v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition,
+
−  election or battle
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wind
+
−
+
−  n. a strong movement of air
+
−_____
+
−
+
−window
+
−
+
−  n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with
+
−  glass
+
−_____
+
−
+
−winter
+
−
+
−  n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wire
+
−
+
−  n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry
+
−  electricity or electronic communications from one place to another
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wise
+
−
+
−  ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and
+
−  understanding to make good or correct decisions
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wish
+
−
+
−  v. to want; to express a desire for
+
−_____
+
−
+
−with
+
−
+
−  prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a
+
−  tool."); having ("the house with the red door")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−withdraw
+
−
+
−  v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove
+
−_____
+
−
+
−without
+
−
+
−  prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−witness
+
−
+
−  n. a person who saw and can tell about an action or event, sometimes
+
−  in a court of law
+
−_____
+
−
+
−woman
+
−
+
−  n. an adult female human
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wonder
+
−
+
−  v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a
+
−  feeling of surprise
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wonderful
+
−
+
−  ad. causing wonder; especially good
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wood
+
−
+
−  n. the solid material of which trees are made
+
−_____
+
−
+
−word
+
−
+
−  n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language
+
−_____
+
−
+
−work
+
−
+
−  v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the
+
−  effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the
+
−  job one does to earn money
+
−_____
+
−
+
−world
+
−
+
−  n. the earth; the people who live on the earth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−worry
+
−
+
−  v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad,
+
−  can happen
+
−_____
+
−
+
−worse
+
−
+
−  ad. more bad than
+
−_____
+
−
+
−worth
+
−
+
−  n. value measured in money
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wound
+
−
+
−  v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal;
+
−  n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is
+
−  usually cut or broken
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wreck
+
−
+
−  v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly
+
−  damaged or broken
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wreckage
+
−
+
−  n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed
+
−_____
+
−
+
−write
+
−
+
−  v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as
+
−  paper
+
−_____
+
−
+
−wrong
+
−
+
−  ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right
+
−_____
+
−
+
−year
+
−
+
−  n. a period of time equal to twelve months
+
−_____
+
−
+
−yellow
+
−
+
−  ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun
+
−_____
+
−
+
−yes
+
−
+
−  ad. used to express agreement or to permit
+
−_____
+
−
+
−yesterday
+
−
+
−  n. the day before today
+
−_____
+
−
+
−yet
+
−
+
−  ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this
+
−  time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was
+
−  shining, yet it was cold.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−you
+
−
+
−  pro. the person or persons being spoken to
+
−_____
+
−
+
−young
+
−
+
−  ad. in the early years of life; not old
+
−_____
+
−
+
−zero
+
−
+
−  n. the number meaning none or nothing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−zoo
+
−
+
−  n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study
+
−
+
−# COMMON PREFIXES
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dis-
+
−
+
−  not (dishonest, disobey)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pro-
+
−
+
−  for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−re-
+
−
+
−  to do again (reorganize, reunite)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−self-
+
−
+
−  used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by
+
−  the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort
+
−  or power (self-declared, self-appointed)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−un-
+
−
+
−  not (unusual, unhappy)
+
−
+
−#COMMON EXPRESSIONS
+
−_____
+
−
+
−carry out
+
−
+
−  to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−pass a bill
+
−
+
−  approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.")
+
−_____
+
−
+
−take steps
+
−
+
−  to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt
+
−  inflation.")
+
−
+
−# WORDS USED IN VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH SCIENCE PROGRAMS
+
−
+
−_____
+
−
+
−atom
+
−
+
−  a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that
+
−  can join with parts of other elements
+
−_____
+
−
+
−bacteria
+
−
+
−  living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a
+
−  microscope; some cause disease
+
−_____
+
−
+
−cell
+
−
+
−  a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals
+
−_____
+
−
+
−chromosome
+
−
+
−  a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes
+
−_____
+
−
+
−compound
+
−
+
−  a substance containing two or more elements
+
−_____
+
−
+
−dense
+
−
+
−  close together; thick
+
−_____
+
−
+
−electron
+
−
+
−  a small part of an atom that has an electrical force
+
−_____
+
−
+
−element
+
−
+
−  one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be
+
−  separated into other substances
+
−_____
+
−
+
−enzyme
+
−
+
−  a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances
+
−  without being changed itself
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fetus
+
−
+
−  unborn young
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fission
+
−
+
−  a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to
+
−  produce nuclear energy
+
−_____
+
−
+
−fusion
+
−
+
−  a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined
+
−  together to produce nuclear energy
+
−_____
+
−
+
−genes
+
−
+
−  parts of cells that control the growth and development of living
+
−  things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child;
+
−  genes contain nucleic acid
+
−_____
+
−
+
−genetic engineering
+
−
+
−  the science of changing the genes of a living organism
+
−_____
+
−
+
−gravity
+
−
+
−  the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth
+
−_____
+
−
+
−image
+
−
+
−  a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−laser
+
−
+
−  an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light
+
−_____
+
−
+
−magnet
+
−
+
−  a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this
+
−  pulling force is called magnetism
+
−_____
+
−
+
−molecule
+
−
+
−  the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nerve
+
−
+
−  a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and
+
−  from the brain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nucleus
+
−
+
−  the center part of an atom or cell
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nucleic acid
+
−
+
−  a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life;
+
−  there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and
+
−  RNA (ribonucleic acid)
+
−_____
+
−
+
−nutrient
+
−
+
−  a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow
+
−_____
+
−
+
−organ
+
−
+
−  a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or
+
−  brain
+
−_____
+
−
+
−organism
+
−
+
−  a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a
+
−  microscope
+
−_____
+
−
+
−particle
+
−
+
−  a very small piece of matter
+
−_____
+
−
+
−proteins
+
−
+
−  substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged
+
−  tissue
+
−_____
+
−
+
−robot
+
−
+
−  a machine that moves and performs tasks
+
−_____
+
−
+
−tissue
+
−
+
−  living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and
+
−  do the same thing
+
−_____
+
−
+
−virus
+
−
+
−  a kind of organism that causes disease
+
−_____
+
−
+
−x-rays
+
−
+
−  a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often
+
−  used in medicine
+
−
+
−# ORGANS OF THE BODY
+
−
+
−_____
+
−
+
−heart
+
−
+
−  pumps blood through the body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−intestines
+
−
+
−  tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the
+
−  stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−kidney
+
−
+
−  cleans liquid wastes from the body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−liver
+
−
+
−  makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood
+
−_____
+
−
+
−lung
+
−
+
−  takes in and expels air from the body
+
−_____
+
−
+
−prostate
+
−
+
−  a part of the male reproductive system
+
−_____
+
−
+
−stomach
+
−
+
−  breaks down food for the body to use
+
−_____
+
−
+
−uterus
+
−
+
−  a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops