.. -*- coding: utf-8; -*-

===========

 SSH/sshd.

===========

.. contents::

   :local:

Debugging ssh client.

=====================

::

  $ ssh -vvv ...

Maintaining key pair

====================

Check available key types::

  $ ssh -Q key

Generate keys::

  $ ssh-keygen -t dsa     # for DSA

  $ ssh-keygen -t rsa     # for RSA

  $ ssh-keygen -t dsa -C comment     # put own comment instead user@host

  $ ssh-keygen -t dsa -f my_dsa_key  # store priv key under my_dsa_key

                                     # and pub key under my_dsa_key.pub

  ssh-keygen -f my.key

Recover pub key from priv::

  ssh-keygen -y -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa >~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub

Show fingerprint::

  ssh-keygen -l -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa

  ssh-keygen -E md5 -l -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa

Change passphrase of priv key::

  $ ssh-keygen -p -N "newphrase" -P "oldphrase" -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa

Coping and deleting public keys

===============================

To copy your public key to remote host (for automatic login by pubkey

authentication)::

  $ ssh $user@$host cat ">>" "~/.ssh/authorized_keys" <~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

                                     # public pub key on remote host

  $ ssh-copy-id  $user@$host         # alternative to previous command

Dealing with server pubkeys

===========================

Each SSH server keeps a single priv key, sharing a common pub key with all clients. It is an

identity of the server and upon a new connection you are asked to trust this pub key. After

accepting the pub key it is written to ``~/.ssh/known_hosts``.

To list advertized pub keys by a server (``-H`` is host hashing/hiding host name)::

  ssh-keyscan $HOST

  ssh-keyscan -H $HOST

To list fingerprints of the server pub keys::

  ssh-keygen -lf <(ssh-keyscan $HOST 2>/dev/null)

To ensure MD5 output format (which is usually displayed with vast majority of existing SSH

clients)::

  ssh-keygen -E md5 -lf <(ssh-keyscan $HOST 2>/dev/null)

To remove ``known_hosts`` key (it is usually needed if you change a server pubkey or change a

server)::

  $ ssh-keygen -R hostname

  $ ssh-keygen -R hostname -f ~/.ssh/known_hosts

Disabling pubkey

================

::

  ssh -o PreferredAuthentications=password -o PubkeyAuthentication=no user@host

Shell login

===========

::

  $ ssh $user@$host

  $ ssh $user@$host:$port

  $ ssh -i ~/.ssh/my_dsa_key $user@$host

or::

  $ ssh -l $user $host

  $ ssh -l $user $host:$port

X11 forwarding

==============

Enable X11 forwarding on remote host in ``~/.ssh/config`` or ``/etc/ssh_config``::

  X11Forwarding yes

then login to this host by::

  $ ssh -X $user@$host

or by using trusted X11 forwarding::

  $ ssh -Y $user@$host

See:

http://x.cygwin.com/docs/faq/cygwin-x-faq.html#q-ssh-no-x11forwarding

  X11Forwarding does not work with OpenSSH under Cygwin

Multiply private keys

=====================

``ssh`` tries to use all provided keys::

  $ ssh -i ./priv1 -i ./priv2 $user@$host

Alternatively place them to ``~/.ssh/config``::

  Host *

  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/identity # standard search path for protocol ver. 1

  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa   # standard search path for RSA key protocol ver. 2

  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa   # standard search path for DSA key protocol ver. 2

  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/my_dsa

  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/another_dsa

or per host private key::

  Host host1                   # alias, that user provide at CLI

  HostName host1.example.com   # real host name to log into

  User iam

  IdentifyFile ~/.ssh/iam_priv_dsa

  Host host2                   # alias, that user provide at CLI

  HostName 192.168.1.2         # real host IP to log into

  User admin

  IdentifyFile ~/.ssh/admin_priv_dsa

Installing sshd on Cygwin

=========================

* Install base packages and openssh.

* Create Windows user and set its password.

* Recreate /etc/passwd::

    $ mkpasswd -l -u user >>/etc/passwd

  or::

    $ mkpasswd -l >/etc/passwd

* Register sshd::

    $ mkdir -p /home/user

    $ ssh-host-config -y

* Start::

    $ net start sshd

  or::

    $ cygrunsrv -S sshd

* Check from remote host::

    $ ssh $gygwin_host -l user

To stop service use::

  $ net stop sshd

  $ cygrunsrv -E sshd

To delete service::

  $ cygrunsrv -E sshd

  $ cygrunsrv -R sshd

If you have ``connection closed`` error check permission for ``/home/*/.ssh``

directories. If you start service from ``user`` account - add write permission

to ``/home/*/.ssh``. I fix by::

  $ rm -r /home/*/.ssh

  cmd> icacls c:\opt\cygwin\home /t /grant:r cyg_server:(f)

In order to enable logging from ``sshd`` uncomment in ``/etc/ssh/sshd_config``::

  SyslogFacility AUTH

  LogLevel INFO

and start syslogd from ``inetutils`` package (don't forget to restart

``sshd``!)::

  $ /bin/syslogd-config

  $ net start syslogd

Check ``/var/log/messages`` for logging messages.

.. note::

   In order to allow pubkey login and to avoid error::

     userauth_pubkey: key type ssh-dss not in PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes

   add ``PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes *`` or ``PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes=+ssh-dss`` to

   ``/etc/ssh/sshd_config`` but DSS keys are depricated at all.

Dealing with inode

==================

Linux / UNIX file system API has a notion of inode: the address of file as a unique number.

To list inodes for a file::

  stat $FILE

To list inodes for a group of files::

  ls -i -l

You can reference inode in ``find`` query::

  find . -inum $INODE -delete