author | Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com> |
Wed, 14 Nov 2018 16:11:35 +0200 | |
changeset 2283 | 9ec68a2da562 |
parent 2230 | 9e6ad6607a9e |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
1911
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Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
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parents:
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.. -*- coding: utf-8; -*- |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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============================ |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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Software development rules |
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============================ |
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.. contents:: |
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:local: |
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General discussion |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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================== |
870693ce6ff0
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See: |
870693ce6ff0
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_development_philosophies |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_eponymous_laws |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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Principle of good enough (POGE) |
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=============================== |
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It favours quick-and-simple (but potentially extensible) designs over |
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elaborate systems designed by committees. |
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Once the quick-and-simple design is deployed, it can then evolve as needed, |
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driven by user requirements. |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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This kind of design is not appropriate in systems where it is not possible to |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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evolve the system over time, or where the full functionality is required from |
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the start. |
870693ce6ff0
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See: |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_good_enough |
1911
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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No Silver Bullet |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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================ |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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There is no single development, in either technology or management technique, |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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which by itself promises even one order of magnitude improvement within a |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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decade in productivity, in reliability, in simplicity. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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See: |
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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837f1337c59b
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Silver_Bullet |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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Rule of thumb |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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============= |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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A rule of thumb is a principle that postulate in some case use simple |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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procedure wich produce approximate result instead use complex but exact |
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produce. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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See: |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_thumb |
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870693ce6ff0
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The Zero One or Infinity |
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======================== |
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The Zero One or Infinity (ZOI) rule is a rule of thumb in software design. It |
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suggests that arbitrary limits on the number of instances of a particular |
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entity should not be allowed. Specifically, that an entity should either be |
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forbidden entirely, one should be allowed, or any number (presumably, to the |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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limit of available storage) of them should be allowed. It should not be the |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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software that puts a hard limit on the number of instances of the entity. |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_One_Infinity |
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80-20 rule (pareto principle) |
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============================= |
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This rule postulate that roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the |
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causes. |
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This rule applied to optimisation (most time spent by program only by little |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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piece of code), functionality (80% of users use only 20% of program |
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functionality); bugs (fixing the top 20% of most reported bugs solve 80% of |
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the error and crashes). |
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See: |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/80:20_rule |
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1% rule |
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======= |
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The 1% rule states that the number of people who create content on the |
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internet represents approximately 1% (or less) of the people actually viewing |
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that content. |
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See: |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%25_rule_%28Internet_culture%29 |
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Parkinson's Law |
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=============== |
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Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion. |
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Data expands to fill the space available for storage. |
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See: |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson%27s_law |
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Ninety-ninety rule |
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================== |
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The first 90% of the code accounts for the first 10% of the development time. |
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The remaining 10% of the code accounts for the other 90% of the development |
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time. |
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See: |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninety-ninety_rule |
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Wirth's law |
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=========== |
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Software is getting slower more rapidly than hardware becomes faster. |
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See: |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirth%27s_law |
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Student syndrome |
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================ |
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Student syndrome refers to the phenomenon that many people will start to fully |
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apply themselves to a task just at the last possible moment before a deadline. |
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The student syndrome is a form of procrastination (). |
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See: |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_syndrome |
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Conway's Law |
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============ |
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...organizations which design systems ... are constrained to produce designs |
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which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations. |
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Example: Consider a two-person team of software engineers, A and B. Say A |
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designs and codes a software class X. Later, the team discovers that class X |
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needs some new features. If A adds the features, A is likely to simply expand X |
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to include the new features. If B adds the new features, B may be afraid of |
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breaking X, and so instead will create a new derived class X2 that inherits X's |
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features, and puts the new features in X2. So the final design is a reflection |
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of who implemented the functionality. |
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A real life example: NASA's Mars Climate Orbiter crashed because one team used |
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United States customary units (e.g., inches, feet and pounds) while the other |
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used metric units for a key spacecraft operation. |
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See: |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_Law |
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Brooks's law |
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============ |
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It takes some time for the people added to a project to become productive. |
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Communication overheads increase as the number of people increases. |
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Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later. |
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See: |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks%27_law |
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Code bloat |
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========== |
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Code bloat is the production of code that is perceived as unnecessarily long, |
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slow, or otherwise wasteful of resources. Code bloat generally refers to |
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source code size but sometimes is used to refer to the generated code size or |
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even the binary file size. |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_bloat |
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Software bloat |
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============== |
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Software bloat is a term used to describe the tendency of newer computer |
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programs to have a larger installation footprint, or have many unnecessary |
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features that are not used by end users, or just generally use more system |
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resources than necessary, while offering little or no benefit to its users. |
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Comparison of Microsoft Windows minimum hardware requirements (for 32-bit |
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versions): |
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Windows version Processor Memory Hard disk |
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Windows 95[4] 25 MHz 4 MB ~50 MB |
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Windows 98[5] 66 MHz 16 MB ~200 MB |
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Windows 2000[6] 133 MHz 32 MB 650 MB |
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Windows XP[7] 233 MHz 64 MB 1.5 GB |
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Windows Vista[8] 800 MHz 512 MB 15 GB |
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Windows 7[9] 1 GHz 1 GB 16 GB |
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.. epigraph:: |
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Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail. Those programs which |
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cannot so expand are replaced by ones which can. |
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-- Jamie Zawinski |
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Second-system effect |
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==================== |
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In computing, the second-system effect or sometimes the second-system syndrome |
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refers to the tendency, when following on from a relatively small, elegant, |
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and successful system, to design the successor as an elephantine, |
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feature-laden monstrosity. The term was first used by Fred Brooks in his |
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classic The Mythical Man-Month.[1] It described the jump from a set of simple |
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operating systems on the IBM 700/7000 series to OS/360 on the 360 series. |
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Inner-platform effect |
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===================== |
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The inner-platform effect is the tendency of software architects to create a |
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system so customizable as to become a replica, and often a poor replica, of |
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the software development platform they are using. |
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XXX read more http://thedailywtf.com/Articles/The_Inner-Platform_Effect.aspx |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner-platform_effect |
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Feature creep |
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============= |
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Feature creep is the proliferation of features in a product such as computer |
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software. Extra features go beyond the basic function of the product and so |
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can result in baroque over-complication, or "featuritis", rather than simple, |
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elegant design. |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_creep |
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Bullet-point engineering |
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======================== |
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Bullet-point engineering is a software design anti-pattern where developers |
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use the features of competing software packages as checklists of features to |
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implement in their own product. These features are often implemented poorly |
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and haphazardly, without any real design, merely so they can be added to a |
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bulleted list of features in marketing material. Bullet point engineering |
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often leads to feature creep and software bloat but may also simply result in |
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a poorly designed imitative product. |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet-point_engineering |
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KISS |
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==== |
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Keep it simple and stupid, or keep it simple, stupid! |
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Instruction creep and function creep, two instances of creeping featuritis, |
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are examples of failure to follow the KISS principle in software development. |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle |
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Minimalism |
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========== |
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In computing, minimalism refers to the application of minimalist philosophies |
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and principles in hardware and software design and usage. |
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism_%28computing%29 |
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Unix philosophy |
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=============== |
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.. epigraph:: |
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"Do one thing and do it well." |
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-- Doug McIlroy |
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.. epigraph:: |
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"Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work |
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together. Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal |
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interface." |
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-- Doug McIlroy |
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.. epigraph:: |
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#. You cannot tell where a program is going to spend its time. Bottlenecks |
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occur in surprising places, so do not try to second guess and put in a speed |
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hack until you've proven that's where the bottleneck is. |
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#. Measure. Do not tune for speed until your performance analysis tool tells |
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you which part of the code overwhelms the rest. |
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#. Fancy algorithms tend to run more slowly on small data sets than simple |
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algorithms. They tend to have a large constant factor in O(n) analysis, and |
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n is usually small. So don't get fancy unless Rule 2 indicates that n is big |
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enough. |
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#. Simplify your algorithms and data structures wherever it makes sense because |
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fancy algorithms are more difficult to implement without defects. The data |
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structures in most programs can be built from array lists, linked lists, |
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hash tables, and binary trees. |
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#. Data dominates. If you have chosen the right data structures and organized |
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things well, the algorithms will almost always be self-evident. Data |
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structures, not algorithms, are central to programming. |
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-- Pike: Notes on Programming in C. |
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.. epigraph:: |
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1. Small is beautiful. |
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2. Make each program do one thing well. |
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3. Build a prototype as soon as possible. |
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4. Choose portability over efficiency. |
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5. Store data in flat text files. |
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6. Use software leverage to your advantage. |
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7. Use shell scripts to increase leverage and portability. |
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8. Avoid captive user interfaces. |
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9. Make every program a filter. |
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-- Mike Gancarz: The UNIX Philosophy |
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With this not all agree: |
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1. Allow the user to tailor the environment. |
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2. Make operating system kernels small and lightweight. |
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3. Use lowercase and keep it short. |
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4. Save trees. |
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5. Silence is golden. |
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330 |
6. Think parallel. |
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331 |
7. The sum of the parts is greater than the whole. |
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332 |
8. Look for the 90-percent solution. |
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|
333 |
9. Worse is better. |
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334 |
10. Think hierarchically. |
1911
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|
335 |
|
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|
336 |
|
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|
337 |
Misc |
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|
338 |
==== |
1911
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|
339 |
|
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340 |
"Unix is simple. It just takes a genius to understand its simplicity." |
2228
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|
341 |
-– Dennis Ritchie |
1911
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342 |
"Unix never says 'please'." |
2228
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343 |
-– Rob Pike |
1911
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344 |
|
2228
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|
345 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_philosophy |
1911
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|
346 |
|
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|
347 |
Worse is better |
870693ce6ff0
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348 |
=============== |
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|
349 |
|
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|
350 |
In the "Worse is better" design style, simplicity of both the interface and |
870693ce6ff0
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|
351 |
the implementation is more important than any other attribute of the system — |
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|
352 |
including correctness, consistency and completeness. |
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|
353 |
|
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354 |
Simplicity |
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|
355 |
The design must be simple, both in implementation and interface. It is |
870693ce6ff0
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parents:
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|
356 |
more important for the implementation to be simpler than the interface. |
870693ce6ff0
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|
357 |
Simplicity is the most important consideration in a design. |
870693ce6ff0
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|
358 |
Correctness |
870693ce6ff0
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|
359 |
The design must be correct in all observable aspects. It is slightly better |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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|
360 |
to be simple than correct. |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
361 |
Consistency |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
362 |
The design must not be overly inconsistent. Consistency can be sacrificed |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
363 |
for simplicity in some cases, but it is better to drop those parts of the |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
364 |
design that deal with less common circumstances than to introduce either |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
365 |
implementational complexity or inconsistency. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
366 |
Completeness |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
367 |
The design must cover as many important situations as is practical. All |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
368 |
reasonably expected cases should be covered. Completeness can be sacrificed |
870693ce6ff0
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|
369 |
in favor of any other quality. In fact, completeness must be sacrificed |
870693ce6ff0
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parents:
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|
370 |
whenever implementation simplicity is jeopardized. Consistency can be |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
371 |
sacrificed to achieve completeness if simplicity is retained; especially |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
372 |
worthless is consistency of interface. |
870693ce6ff0
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|
373 |
|
2228
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|
374 |
http://dreamsongs.com/WIB.html |
837f1337c59b
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parents:
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|
375 |
Lisp: Good News, Bad News, How to Win Big |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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parents:
diff
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|
376 |
|
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|
377 |
The right thing |
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parents:
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|
378 |
=============== |
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parents:
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|
379 |
|
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|
380 |
The MIT approach (known as "The right thing"): |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
381 |
|
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
382 |
Simplicity |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
383 |
The design must be simple, both in implementation and interface. It is |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
384 |
more important for the interface to be simpler than the implementation. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
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|
385 |
Correctness |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
386 |
The design must be correct in all observable aspects. Incorrectness is |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
387 |
simply not allowed. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
388 |
Consistency |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
389 |
The design must be consistent. A design is allowed to be slightly less |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
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|
390 |
simple and less complete to avoid inconsistency. Consistency is as important |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
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|
391 |
as correctness. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
392 |
Completeness |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
393 |
The design must cover as many important situations as is practical. All |
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
394 |
reasonably expected cases must be covered. Simplicity is not allowed to |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
395 |
overly reduce completeness. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
396 |
|
2228
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
397 |
See: |
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
398 |
|
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
399 |
http://dreamsongs.com/WIB.html |
837f1337c59b
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
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changeset
|
400 |
Lisp: Good News, Bad News, How to Win Big |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
401 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
402 |
YAGNI |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
403 |
===== |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
404 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
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|
405 |
"You aren't gonna need it" (or YAGNI for short) is the principle in extreme |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
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|
406 |
programming that programmers should not add functionality until it is |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
407 |
necessary. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
408 |
|
2228
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Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
409 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_ain%27t_gonna_need_it |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
410 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
411 |
DRY (DIE) |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
412 |
========= |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
413 |
|
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
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|
414 |
Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) or Duplication is Evil (DIE). |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
415 |
|
2228
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
416 |
* VCS allow multiple and diverging copies ("branches"). |
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
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|
417 |
* Source code generation. |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
418 |
|
2228
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Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
419 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
420 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
421 |
Do it yourself (DIY) |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
422 |
==================== |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
423 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
424 |
Do it yourself (or DIY) is a term used to describe building, modifying, or |
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
425 |
repairing of something without the aid of experts or professionals. |
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
426 |
|
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
427 |
when tasklist longer then people life mutch easy use already written libraries |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
428 |
then wrote own. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
429 |
|
2228
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
430 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_it_yourself |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
431 |
|
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
432 |
Once and Only Once (OAOO) |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
433 |
========================= |
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
434 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
435 |
MoSCoW Method |
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
436 |
============= |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
437 |
|
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
438 |
The capital letters in MoSCoW stand for: |
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
439 |
|
2228
837f1337c59b
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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440 |
* M - MUST have this (included in the current delivery timebox in order |
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|
441 |
for it to be a success). |
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442 |
* S - SHOULD have this if at all possible (critical to the success of the |
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|
443 |
project, but are not necessary for delivery in the current delivery |
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|
444 |
timebox). |
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|
445 |
* C - COULD have this if it does not affect anything else (nice to have). |
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|
446 |
* W - WON'T have this time but WOULD like in the future. |
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447 |
|
2228
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|
448 |
See: |
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|
449 |
|
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|
450 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoSCoW_Method |
1911
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|
451 |
|
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|
452 |
Separation of concerns |
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|
453 |
====================== |
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|
454 |
|
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|
455 |
In computer science, separation of concerns (SoC) is the process of separating |
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456 |
a computer program into distinct features that overlap in functionality as |
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|
457 |
little as possible. A concern is any piece of interest or focus in a program. |
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458 |
Typically, concerns are synonymous with features or behaviors. Progress |
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|
459 |
towards SoC is traditionally achieved through modularity of programming and |
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460 |
encapsulation (or "transparency" of operation), with the help of information |
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461 |
hiding. Layered designs in information systems are also often based on |
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462 |
separation of concerns (e.g., presentation layer, business logic layer, data |
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|
463 |
access layer, database layer). |
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|
464 |
|
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|
465 |
HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and cascading style sheets (CSS) are |
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|
466 |
languages intended to separate style from content. |
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|
467 |
|
2228
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|
468 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_concerns |
1911
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|
469 |
|
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|
470 |
Modular design |
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|
471 |
============== |
870693ce6ff0
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parents:
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|
472 |
|
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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473 |
In systems engineering, modular design — or "modularity in design" — is an |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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|
474 |
approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts (modules) that can be |
870693ce6ff0
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|
475 |
independently created and then used in different systems to drive multiple |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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|
476 |
functionalities. |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
477 |
|
2228
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Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
478 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_design |
1911
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parents:
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|
479 |
|
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
480 |
Occam's razor |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
481 |
============= |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
482 |
|
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
483 |
"entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem" |
870693ce6ff0
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parents:
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|
484 |
|
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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|
485 |
Entities must not be multiplied beyond necessity. |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
486 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
487 |
Code and fix |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
488 |
============ |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
489 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
490 |
Programmers immediately begin producing code. Bugs must be fixed before the |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
491 |
product can be shipped. |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
492 |
|
2228
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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diff
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|
493 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_and_fix |
1911
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
494 |
|
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
495 |
Cowboy coding |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
496 |
============= |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
497 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
498 |
Cowboy coding is a term used to describe software development where the |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
499 |
developers have autonomy over the development process. This includes control |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
500 |
of the project's schedule, algorithms, tools, and coding style. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
501 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
502 |
A cowboy coder can be a lone developer or part of a group of developers with |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
503 |
either no external management or management that controls only non-development |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
504 |
aspects of the project, such as its nature, scope, and feature set (the |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
505 |
"what", but not the "how"). |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
506 |
|
2228
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
507 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowboy_coding |
1911
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
508 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
509 |
Extreme Programming |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
510 |
=================== |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
511 |
|
2228
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
512 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_Programming |
1911
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
513 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
514 |
Hollywood Principle |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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|
515 |
=================== |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
516 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
517 |
In computer programming, the Hollywood Principle is stated as "don't call us, |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
518 |
we'll call you." It has applications in software engineering; see also |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
519 |
implicit invocation for a related architectural principle. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
520 |
|
2228
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
521 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Principle |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
522 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
523 |
Inversion of control |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
524 |
==================== |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
525 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
526 |
Inversion of control, or IoC, is an abstract principle describing an aspect of |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
527 |
some software architecture designs in which the flow of control of a system is |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
528 |
inverted in comparison to procedural programming. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
529 |
|
2228
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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diff
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|
530 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inversion_of_control |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
531 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
532 |
Literate programming |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
533 |
==================== |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
534 |
|
2228
837f1337c59b
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
535 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literate_Programming |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
536 |
|
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
537 |
Model-driven architecture |
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
538 |
========================= |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
539 |
|
2228
837f1337c59b
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
540 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model-driven_architecture |
1911
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
541 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
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|
542 |
Quick-and-dirty |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
543 |
=============== |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
544 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
545 |
Quick-and-dirty is a term used in reference to anything that is an easy way to |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
546 |
implement a workaround or "kludge." Its usage is popular among programmers, |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
547 |
who use it to describe a crude solution or programming implementation that is |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
548 |
imperfect, inelegant, or otherwise inadequate, but which solves or masks the |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
549 |
problem at hand, and is generally faster and easier to put in place than a |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
550 |
proper solution. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
551 |
|
2228
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Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
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|
552 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quick-and-dirty |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
553 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
554 |
Release early, release often |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
555 |
============================ |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
556 |
|
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
557 |
Release early, release often (sometimes abbreviated RERO) is a software |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
558 |
development philosophy that emphasizes the importance of early and frequent |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
559 |
releases in creating a tight feedback loop between developers and testers or |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
560 |
users. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
561 |
|
2228
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
562 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Release_early,_release_often |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
563 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
564 |
Test-driven development |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
565 |
======================= |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
566 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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changeset
|
567 |
Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development technique that relies |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
568 |
on the repetition of a very short development cycle: First the developer |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
569 |
writes a failing automated test case that defines a desired improvement or new |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
570 |
function, then produces code to pass that test and finally refactors the new |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
571 |
code to acceptable standards. |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
572 |
|
2228
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
573 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven_development |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
574 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
575 |
Unified Process |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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|
576 |
=============== |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
577 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
578 |
The Unified Software Development Process or Unified Process is a popular |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
579 |
iterative and incremental software development process framework. The |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
580 |
best-known and extensively documented refinement of the Unified Process is the |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
581 |
Rational Unified Process (RUP). |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
582 |
|
2228
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
583 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Process |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
584 |
|
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
585 |
Waterfall model |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
586 |
=============== |
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
587 |
|
2228
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
588 |
1. Requirements specification |
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
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|
589 |
2. Design |
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
590 |
3. Construction (AKA implementation or coding) |
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
591 |
4. Integration |
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
592 |
5. Testing and debugging (AKA Validation) |
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
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|
593 |
6. Installation |
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
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|
594 |
7. Maintenance |
1911
870693ce6ff0
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
595 |
|
2228
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
596 |
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_model |
1911
870693ce6ff0
Fix my RST article style by 'check-format-policy' target.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
597 |
|
2228
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
598 |
Do it yourself |
837f1337c59b
Removed indentation that compiled into <blockquote>.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1912
diff
changeset
|
599 |
============== |