.. -*- coding: utf-8; -*-

.. include:: HEADER.rst

======

 Apt.

======

.. contents::

Conf files.

===========

See man sources.list(5), apt.conf(5), apt_preferences(5).

``/etc/apt/sources.list``::

  deb http://ftp.debian.org.ua/debian/ stable main contrib non-free

  deb http://ftp2.debian.org.ua/debian/ testing main contrib non-free

  deb http://ftp2.debian.org.ua/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free

  deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free

  deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org testing main non-free

``/etc/apt/preferences``::

  Package: *

  Pin: release a=stable

  Pin-Priority: 800

  Package: *

  Pin: release a=testing

  Pin-Priority: 900

  Package: *

  Pin: release a=unstable

  Pin-Priority: 700

  Package: *

  Pin: release a=experimental

  Pin-Priority: 600

Debian releases.

================

Workflow::

  experimental → unstable (sid) → testing → stable

Which package from witch release::

  $ aptitude search ~S~i~Astable

  $ aptitude search ~S~i~Atesting

  $ aptitude search ~S~i~Aunstable

  $ aptitude search ~S~i~Aexperimental

 * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases

 * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianOldStable

 * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianStable

 * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTesting

 * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianUnstable

 * https://wiki.debian.org/DebianExperimental

Setup backport.

===============

Main backports archive located at http://www.backports.org.

To get packeges gpg sign key::

  $ su

  ...

  $ wget -O - http://backports.org/debian/archive.key | apt-key add -

  $ ^D

Write where packeges places::

  $ cat /etc/apt/sources.list

  deb http://www.backports.org/debian/ etch-backports main contrib non-free

Getting new keys for packages.

==============================

::

  $ sudo apt-get update

  ...

  W: There is no public key available for the following key IDs:

  9AA38DCD55BE302B

  W: GPG error: http://http.us.debian.org etch Release: The following signatures

  couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY

  9AA38DCD55BE302B

  ...

  $ gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-key 9AA38DCD55BE302B \

  --keyserver-options http-proxy=http://user:pass@192.168.1.1:3128

  gpg: requesting key 55BE302B from hkp server pgp.mit.edu

  gpg: key 55BE302B: public key "Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (5.0/lenny) <ftpmaster@debian.org>" imported

  gpg: no ultimately trusted keys found

  gpg: Total number processed: 1

  gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

  $ gpg --export 9AA38DCD55BE302B | sudo apt-key add -

  OK

Install build dependency for package.

=====================================

::

  $ apt-get install build-essential    # install dev LIBC and GCC C/C++

  $ sudo apt-get build-dep $package

If all you want is checking what packages are needed to build a given package::

  $ apt-cache showsrc $package

or check 'Build-Depends' attribute in::

  $ apt-cache show $package

Delete config file for removed packages.

========================================

To get list of such packages use one of::

  $ aptitude search ~c

  $ grep-status -n -sPackage -FStatus config-files

To remove them::

  $ aptitude purge ~c

Delete obsolete packages.

=========================

To get list of such packages use::

  $ aptitude search ~o

To remove them::

  $ aptitude purge ~o

To remove packages that were automatically installed to satisfy dependencies and

are now no longer needed::

  $ sudo apt-get autoremove

Clean up packages cache.

========================

Remove everything from ``/var/cache/apt/archives/`` and

``/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/``::

  $ sudo apt-get clean

Removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely

useless::

  $ sudo apt-get autoclean

Check package files for modification.

=====================================

::

  $ sudo debsums --changed

Search for packages.

====================

::

  $ aptitude search '?tag(works-with::logfile)'

Find nearest mirror.

====================

::

  $ sudo apt-get install netselect-apt

  $ netselect-apt stable

  $ netselect-apt testing

  $ netselect-apt unstable

  $ netselect-apt experimental

  $ netselect-apt sid

Show dependency graph.

======================

::

  $ apt-cache dotty $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg

  $ sudo apt-get install debtree

  $ debtree $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg

  $ sudo apt-get install apt-rdepends

  $ apt-rdepends $PKG

  $ apt-rdepends -r $PKG

  $ apt-rdepends -d $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg

  $ apt-rdepends -d -r $PKG | dot -Tsvg >$PKG.svg && see $PKG.svg