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1 .. -*- coding: utf-8; -*- |
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2 .. include:: HEADER.rst |
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3 |
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4 ======== |
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5 Music. |
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6 ======== |
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7 .. contents:: |
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8 |
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9 Music scale. |
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10 ============ |
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11 |
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12 *Scale* is any set of musical notes ordered by fundamental frequency or pitch. |
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13 |
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14 Scale ordered by increasing pitch is an *ascending scale*, and a scale ordered |
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15 by decreasing pitch is a *descending scale*. |
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16 |
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17 The distance between two successive notes in a scale is called a *scale step*. |
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18 |
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19 For Western music with 12 tones in octave used several definition of steps: |
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20 |
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21 * *semitone*, *half step* is 2^(1/12) |
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22 * *whole step*, *whole tone*, *major second* is 2^(2/12) |
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23 |
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24 *Chromatic scale* is a musical scale with twelve pitches, each a semitone |
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25 above or below another. On a modern piano or other equal-tempered |
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26 instrument, all the semitones have the same size (100 cents). In other |
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27 words, the notes of an equal-tempered chromatic scale are equally spaced. |
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28 |
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29 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_scale |
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30 |
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31 *Diatonic scale* (or heptatonia prima) is a scale composed of seven distinct |
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32 pitch classes: ``2–2–1–2–2–2–1``. |
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33 |
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34 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatonic_scale |
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35 |
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36 *Minor scale*: ``2-1-2-2-1-2-2``. |
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37 |
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38 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_scale |
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39 |
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40 Pentatonic major scale: ``1, 2, 3, 5, 6``. |
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41 Pentatonic minor scale: ``1, ♭3, 4, 5, ♭7``. |
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42 |
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43 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentatonic_scale |
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44 |
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45 The eight degrees of the diatonic scale are also known by traditional names: |
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46 |
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47 * 1st degree – Tonic (key note) |
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48 * 2nd degree – Supertonic |
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49 * 3rd degree – Mediant |
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50 * 4th degree – Subdominant |
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51 * 5th degree – Dominant |
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52 * 6th degree – Submediant |
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53 * 7th degree – Leading tone |
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54 * 8th degree – Tonic (Octave) |
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55 |
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56 Intervals names: |
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57 |
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58 * *Minor second* - 1 semitones. |
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59 * *Major second* - 2 semitones. |
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60 * *Minor third* - 3 semitones. |
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61 * *Major third* - 4 semitones. |
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62 * *Perfect fourth* - 5 semitones, 4:3. |
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63 * *Perfect fifth* - 7 semitones, 3:2. |
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64 * *Minor sixth* - 8 semitones. |
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65 * *Major sixth* - 9 semitones. |
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66 * *Minor seventh* - 10 semitones. |
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67 * *Major seventh* - 11 semitones. |
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68 |
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69 The notes of a scale are numbered by their steps from the root of the scale. |
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70 |
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71 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_%28music%29 |
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72 Often, especially in the context of the common practice period, most or all |
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73 of the melody and harmony of a musical work is built using the notes of a |
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74 single scale, which can be conveniently represented on a staff with a |
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75 standard key signature. |
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76 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_practice_period |
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77 Common-practice harmony is almost always derived from diatonic scales and |
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78 tends to follow particular chord progressions that have withstood the test |
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79 of time. |
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80 |