--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/laser-disk.rst	Mon Feb 22 13:34:55 2016 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+.. -*- coding: utf-8; -*-
+.. include:: HEADER.rst
+
+============
+ Laser disk
+============
+.. contents::
+   :local:
+
+What best DVD-R or DVD+R?
+=========================
+
+The DVD-R format was developed by Pioneer in 1997 vc DVD+R in 2002 by Sony.
+
+DVD+R format was not an official DVD format until January 25, 2008.
+
+DVD-R(W) and DVD+R(W) format are incompatible.
+
+DVD-R(W) use amplitude modulation, DVD+R(W) use phase modulation, so more reliable.
+
+On multi-session DVD-R(W) disk any session take up to 96 MB in time on DVD+R(W)
+every session take exactly 2 MB.
+
+DVD+R(W) win!
+
+See
+
+  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-R
+  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD%2BR
+
+What capacity of DVD?
+=====================
+
++----------+-------------------------------------------+
+|          |                Capacity                   |
++  Type    +-----------+---------------+------+--------+
+|          | sectors   | bytes         | GB   |  GiB   |
+|          | 2,048B    |               |      |        |
++----------+-----------+---------------+------+--------+
+|DVD-R (SL)| 2,298,496 | 4,707,319,808 | 4.7  |  4.384 |
+|DVD+R (SL)| 2,295,104 | 4,700,372,992 | 4.7  |  4.378 |
+|DVD-R DL  | 4,171,712 | 8,543,666,176 | 8.5  |  7.957 |
+|DVD+R DL  | 4,173,824 | 8,547,991,552 | 8.5  |  7.961 |
++----------+-----------+---------------+------+--------+
+
+Vendor
+======
+
+** Verbatim.
+
+Archival Grade CD & DVD - for store critical data.
+
+  http://www.verbatim.ru
+  http://www.verbatim.com/optical/archival/
+
+** TDK.
+
+  http://www.tdk-media.com
+
+** Intenso.
+
+  http://www.intenso.de
+
+* Lifetime.
+
+What is the life expectancy of a CD-R?
+======================================
+
+Approximately 100 years under proper storage conditions (from TDK support).
+
+  http://www.cd-info.com/archiving/
+
+How many times can I rewrite to a CD-RW?
+========================================
+
+A CD-RW disc can be erased and rewritten up to a 1,000 times. Reliability and
+performance will not decrease, even as the number of rewrites increase.
+
+Make an ISO image
+=================
+::
+
+  $ dd if=/dev/dvd of=dvd.iso  # for dvd
+  $ dd if=/dev/cdrom of=cd.iso # for cdrom
+  $ dd if=/dev/scd0 of=cd.iso  # if cdrom is scsi
+
+  $ mkisofs -o /tmp/cd.iso /tmp/directory/ # from file hierarchy
+
+Burning tools
+=============
+
+** cdrtools.
+
+In 2006 build system of cdrtools changed and have CDDL, which incomputable
+with GPL.
+
+See
+
+  http://cdrecord.berlios.de/private/cdrecord.html
+  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrecord
+
+** cdrkit.
+
+Fully GPL alternative for cdrtools. Includes:
+
+ * wodim (an acronym for write optical disk media), which was forked from the cdrecord program in
+   cdrtools.
+ * icedax (an acronym for incredible digital audio extractor), which was forked from the cdda2wav
+   program in cdrtools.
+ * genisoimage (short for generate ISO image), which was forked from the mkisofs program in
+   cdrtools.
+
+See
+
+  http://www.cdrkit.org/
+  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrkit
+
+Installing under Debian::
+
+  $ sudo apt-get install wodim genisoimage
+
+Cygwin (cdrecord is symlink to wodim, mkisofs is symlink to genisoimage, cdrkit contain only
+READMY)::
+
+  $ setup.exe -p cdrkit,wodim,genisoimage
+
+Make iso image::
+
+  $ genisoimage -A "<info>" -gui -J -R -o <img-file> <dir1> <dir2> ...
+
+<info> is up to 128 bytes. -J adds Joliet directory records wich useful on
+Windows. -R adds the Rock Ridge protocol.
+
+To test your image mount it (on Linux)::
+
+  $ sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro <img-file> <mnt-point>
+
+Burn iso image
+==============
+
+cdrskin
+-------
+
+See
+
+  http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/cdrskin_eng.html
+  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrskin
+
+  $ sudo apt-get install cdrskin
+
+xorriso
+-------
+
+xorriso copies file objects from POSIX compliant filesystems into Rock Ridge
+enhanced ISO 9660 filesystems and allows session-wise manipulation of such
+filesystems. It can load the management information of existing ISO images and
+it writes the session results to optical media or to filesystem objects.
+
+Vice versa xorriso is able to restore file objects from ISO 9660 filesystems.
+
+See
+
+  http://scdbackup.webframe.org/xorriso_eng.html
+  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/xorriso
+
+ImgBurn
+-------
+
+ImgBurn is a lightweight CD / DVD / HD DVD / Blu-ray burning application that
+everyone should have in their toolkit!
+
+For Windows 95/98/2000/XP/Vista/2008/7, work in Wine under Linux.
+
+  http://www.imgburn.com/
+                home page
+
+** CDBurnerXP.
+
+Это бесплатная программа для записи CD и DVD, Blu-Ray и HD-DVD дисков. Она
+поддерживает запись и создание ISO-образов.
+
+For Windows XP/Vista/2008/7. Require .NET >= version 2.0.
+
+  http://www.cdburnerxp.se/ru/home
+                home page
+