+
−.. -*- coding: utf-8; -*-
+
−
+
−=========
+
− Cygwin.
+
−=========
+
−.. contents::
+
−   :local:
+
−
+
−Configuration
+
−=============
+
−
+
−Run ``setup.exe``. Today you should prefer 64-bit flavor because it sould less BLODA. Add Cygwin
+
−``/bin`` directory to your ``PATH`` env var::
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−
+
−  set PATH=c:\opt\cygwin\bin;%PATH%
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−
+
−Cygwin behavior can be altered via ``CYGWIN`` env var::
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−
+
−  set CYGWIN=nodosfilewarning noglob
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−
+
−Currently only ``noglob`` is useful. It disables interpreting special shell wildcard characters
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−passed verbatim from native Windows apps. So you will unable to do ``ls *`` from ``cmd.exe``. But
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−without this option (``glob`` is default) Mercurial patterns, like ``{rev}`` are broken. For me
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−native Windows Emacs can't determine file revision with my ``hg`` wrapper.
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−
+
−https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-cygwinenv.html
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−  The CYGWIN environment variable. Available options.
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−
+
−Set ``HOME`` env var::
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−
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−  set HOME=c:\home
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−
+
−https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1494658/how-can-i-change-my-cygwin-home-folder-after-installation
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−  How can I change my Cygwin home folder after installation?
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−
+
−Set ``TMP`` and ``TEMP`` env vars without dangerous symbols in path (without spaces, etc)::
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−
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−  set TMP=c:\tmp
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−  set TEMP=c:\tmp
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−
+
−Also you need to edit ``/etc/passwd`` to point to correct home path.
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−
+
−For Cygwin 1.7 ``/etc/nsswitch.conf`` settings is used to define user home. By default it is
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−``/home/%U`` so it is better to create symlink::
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−
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−  $ ln -s /cygdrive/d/home /home/user
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−
+
−Alternatively with native Windows symlink (from build-in ``cmd`` command)::
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−
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−  cmd# mklink /D c:\opt\cygwin\home\user c:\home
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−
+
−List of installed packages (``-c`` - check, ``-d`` - dump only)::
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−
+
−  $ cygcheck -c -d
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−
+
−Alternatively look to file content::
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−
+
−  /etc/setup/installed.db
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−
+
−In a past I work with particular code point::
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−
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−  set LANG=ru_RU.cp1251
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−
+
−Altering ``LANG`` for anything other then ``C`` cause only problems, when you get help and error
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−messages in non-English. It is mostlry impossible to search for keywords, when text are translated.
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−
+
−Documentation
+
−=============
+
−
+
−Cygwin C API man pages and user guide manuals available in ``cygwin-doc``
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−package.
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−
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−Documentation unpacked to ``/usr/share/doc/cygwin-...`` directory.
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−
+
−apt-cyg package manager
+
−=======================
+
−
+
−``apt-cyg`` is based on ``bash``, ``wget``, ``tar``, ``gawk`` and ``bzip2``
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−packages and provide convenient commands for managing and queries packages::
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−
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−  $ apt-cyg update
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−  $ apt-cyg install emacs-w32
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−  $ apt-cyg remove emacs-w32
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−
+
−Information about package and dependencies::
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−
+
−  $ apt-cyg show emacs-w32
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−  $ apt-cyg depends wget
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−  $ apt-cyg rdepends emacs
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−
+
−List installed packages::
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−
+
−  $ apt-cyg list
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−
+
−Search for package with file across installed packages::
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−
+
−  $ apt-cyg search stdio.h
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−
+
−List package files for installed packages::
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−
+
−  $ apt-cyg listfiles util-linux
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−
+
−Search for package with file through cygwin.com::
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−
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−  $ apt-cyg searchall stdio.h
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−
+
−List all packages in ``setup.ini``::
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−
+
−  $ apt-cyg listall
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−
+
−Find package by regex::
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−
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−  $ apt-cyg listall ^emacs
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−
+
−To switch between mirrors::
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−
+
−  $ apt-cyg mirror ftp://ftp.cygwinports.org/pub/cygwinports
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−  $ apt-cyg update
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−  $ apt-cyg install php
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−
+
−  $ apt-cyg mirror ftp://www.fruitbat.org/pub/cygwin/circa/2016/08/30/104223
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−
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−  $ apt-cyg mirror http://mirrors.kernel.org/sources.redhat.com/cygwin/
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−
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−Just switching mirror does not update metadata.
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−
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−To change a location of directory where packages and ``setup.ini`` downloaded::
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−
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−  $ apt-cyg cache
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−  C:\net
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−
+
−  $ apt-cyg cache ~/net
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−  Cache set to C:\home\net.
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−
+
−https://github.com/kou1okada/apt-cyg
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−  Still maintained project with extra features.
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−https://github.com/transcode-open/apt-cyg/
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−  Home page of abandoned project.
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−https://github.com/transcode-open/apt-cyg/issues/19
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−  Request to support multiply sources.
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−http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22411162/how-to-add-a-repository-using-apt-cyg/
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−  How to add a repository using apt-cyg.
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−https://odoepner.wordpress.com/2012/12/06/install-cygwin-and-cygwinports-packages-using-apt-cyg/
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−  Depricated way to install from several sources with ``-m`` option using shell
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−  aliases as a trick.
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−
+
−Cygwin bash completion
+
−======================
+
−
+
−Cygwin ``bash`` has extra patch that adds ``completion_strip_exe`` option::
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−
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−  shopt -s completion_strip_exe
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−
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−If you complete executable ``.exe`` suffix is stripped if any. That halps with ``bash-completion``
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−because usually comletion defined for base name without ``.exe`` suffix, like::
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−
+
−  complete -F _figlet figlet
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−
+
−https://github.com/cygwinports/bash
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−  7b. completion_strip_exe - using 'shopt -s completion_strip_exe'
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−  makes completion strip .exe suffixes.
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−
+
−Cygwin file permission
+
−======================
+
−
+
−Get list of permissions::
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−
+
−  $ getfacl .
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−
+
−rsync without problems::
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−
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−  $ rsync -ar —chmod=ugo=rwX $FROM/ $TO/
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−
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−https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-filemodes.html
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−  File permissions.
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−https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html
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−  POSIX accounts, permission, and security.
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−https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5828037/cygwin-sets-file-permission-to-000
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−  Cygwin sets file permission to 000.
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−
+
−Installation on Windows XP
+
−==========================
+
−
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−Cygwin from v2.5.5 and Setup version 2.874 (on 25 Aug 2016) is latest version
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−with Windows XP support. Later versions build with dependencies on newer
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−syscalls and failt to run in Windows XP.
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−
+
−Latest mirrors avaialble at fruitbat.org:
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−
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−* 32-bit: ftp://www.fruitbat.org/pub/cygwin/circa/2016/08/30/104223
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−* 64-bit: ftp://www.fruitbat.org/pub/cygwin/circa/64bit/2016/08/30/104235
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−
+
−To run setup against this mirror::
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−
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−  cmd> setup.exe
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−
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−``setup.exe`` available at:
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−
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−* 32-bit ftp://www.fruitbat.org/pub/cygwin/setup/snapshots/setup-x86-2.874.exe
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−* 64-bit ftp://www.fruitbat.org/pub/cygwin/setup/snapshots/setup-x86_64-2.874.exe
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−
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−Run as (``-X`` disable signature verification, ``-s <url>`` option select a
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−particular mirror, ``-O`` option disallow any other mirrors)::
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−
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−  cmd> setup-x86.exe -X -s ftp://www.fruitbat.org/pub/cygwin/circa/2016/08/30/104223 -O
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−
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−http://www.fruitbat.org/Cygwin/timemachine.html
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−  Description of Cygwin time machine project.
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−http://stackoverflow.com/questions/39479826/cygwin-2-5-2-mirror-getting-the-last-xp-release
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−  Question about Cygwin old mirror.
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−http://superuser.com/questions/1132000/is-it-still-possible-to-get-cygwin-for-xp
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−  Question about Cygwin old mirror.
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−http://cygwin-xp.portfolis.net/
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−  Another old mirror.
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−
+
−Cygwin ports
+
−============
+
−
+
−This project provides Cygwin binary and source packages for a large variety of programs and
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−libraries, including the GNOME  and KDE desktop environments
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−
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−http://cygwin-ports.sourceforge.net/
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−  Newest home of the Cygwin Ports project.
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−http://sourceware.org/cygwinports/
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−  Home page.
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−http://cygwinports.blogspot.com
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−  Official blog.
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−https://github.com/cygwinports
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−  cygport scripts to compile cygwinports
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−https://github.com/cygwinports/cygport
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−  Source packaging tool for Cygwin
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−https://cygwinports.github.io/cygport
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−  Cygport Reference Manual.
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−
+
−Which Cygwin version you run?
+
−=============================
+
−::
+
−
+
−  $ uname -r
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−  1.7.7(0.230/5/3)
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−  $ cygcheck -c cygwin
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−  Cygwin Package Information
+
−  Package              Version        Status
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−  cygwin               1.7.7-1        OK
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−
+
−Rebase dll
+
−==========
+
−
+
−In order to Cygwin to maintain ``fork()`` syscall it should preserve same
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−logical base address for dll to be able to share library between child and
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−parent process. It was done via special hints in dlls.
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−
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−With new version of Cygwin software or external Windows libraries (AntiVirus may
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−inject its their libraries into Cygwin process address space) it may happen that
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−new library is overlapped with existing.
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−
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−There is ``rebase`` utility that changes base address hints for dll.
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−
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−You should finish all Cygwin processes in order to ``rebase`` to succeed.
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−
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−You may trigger automatic rebase of all packages in next run of ``setup.exe``
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−with::
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−
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−  $ rebase-trigger full
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−
+
−Read more at:
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−
+
−* ``/usr/share/doc/rebase/README``
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−* ``/usr/share/doc/Cygwin/_autorebase.README``
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−
+
−https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.using.fixing-fork-failures
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−  How do I fix fork() failures?
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−https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/cygwin_dll_remapping_failure.md
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−  Handling repeated failures of rebaseall to allow cygwin remaps.
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−
+
−Recreate /etc/passwd and /etc/groups.
+
−=====================================
+
−::
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−
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−  $ mkpasswd -d | grep $yourlogin > /etc/passwd  # if you in Windows domain
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−  $ mkpasswd -l > /etc/passwd                    # if you in Windows domain
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−
+
−  $ mkgroup -l > /etc/group
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−
+
−Adding mount points.
+
−====================
+
−
+
−``/etc/fstab``::
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−
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−  C:/foo /bar/baz ntfs text,posix=0 0 0
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−  /var /usr/var none bind
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−
+
−Running X Window.
+
−=================
+
−::
+
−
+
−  $ XWin -multiwindow&
+
−
+
−or::
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−
+
−  $ XWin -clipboard -silent-dup-error -xkblayout "us,ru" -xkboptions "grp:caps_toggle"&
+
−
+
−To start X application you must set 'DISPLAY'::
+
−
+
−  $ DISPLAY=:0 xterm&
+
−
+
−Working with packages.
+
−======================
+
−
+
−Installed package list with versions.
+
−-------------------------------------
+
−::
+
−
+
−  $ cygcheck -c -d
+
−
+
−List of package files.
+
−----------------------
+
−::
+
−
+
−  $ cygcheck -l pkg-name
+
−
+
−Search package by containing file (only under installed packages).
+
−------------------------------------------------------------------
+
−::
+
−
+
−  $ cygcheck -f full-path-to-file
+
−
+
−Search packages by containing path (only under installed packages).
+
−-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
−::
+
−
+
−  $ for f in /etc/setup/*.lst.gz; do gzip -c -d $f | grep $WORD  2>&1 >/dev/null && { echo $f; break; } || :; done
+
−
+
−Search for package.
+
−-------------------
+
−
+
−If you have file name or regex use (need internet connection)::
+
−
+
−  $ cygcheck -p REGEX
+
−
+
−cygcheck use such link::
+
−
+
−  http://cygwin.com/cgi-bin2/package-grep.cgi?grep=REGEX
+
−
+
−Cygwin installation info.
+
−=========================
+
−::
+
−
+
−  $ uname -a
+
−  $ cygcheck -s -r
+
−
+
−Cygwin acronyms.
+
−================
+
−
+
−http://www.cygwin.com/acronyms
+
−  One encounters all sorts of acronyms on the Cygwin mailing lists.
+
−
+
−Check dll dependency.
+
−=====================
+
−::
+
−
+
−  $ ldd my.dll
+
−  $ ldd my.exe
+
−  $ cygcheck ./my.dll
+
−  $ cygcheck ./my.exe
+
−
+
−Cygwin alternatives.
+
−====================
+
−
+
−http://www.suacommunity.com/SUA.aspx
+
−  Subsystem for Unix-based Applications and Services for Unix