.. -*- coding: utf-8; -*-
=====================
Driver for Windows.
=====================
.. contents::
:local:
About.
======
microsoft.public.development.device.drivers
NNTP driver development group at msnews.microsoft.com:119
http://www.microsoft.com/communities/newsgroups/list/en-us/default.aspx
Web-interface to NNTP forum
Which version exist?
====================
- VxD
Windows 3.x and Windows 9x
- Windows Driver Model (WDM)
Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows Me, Windows
2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista (for
backwards compatibility)
- Windows Driver Foundation (WDF)
Windows 2000 and later
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VxD
VxD
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Driver_Model
WDM.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Driver_Foundation
WDF.
Msinfo32.exe.
=============
Windows XP/2003 System Information Tool.
* http://support.microsoft.com/kb/308549
Sysinternals.
=============
WinObj.
-------
Winobj is a program that lets you browse the Windows NT Object Manager
namespace.
devtree.
--------
The DeviceTree V2.12 utility is a Windows XP/Server 2003 utility written by
OSR, that allows the user the ability to display the drivers and devices
loaded in 2 different views. The first view Driver View the user sees a list
of all the drivers loaded in kernel mode and all the devices that those
drivers have created. In the second view PnP View the user sees a list of all
the devices in the system from that of Plug and Play Manager (PnP).
Microsoft DDK.
==============
DevCon.
-------
Supported device classes::
cmd> devcon.exe classes
Which files used by specific driver (with "*" prints list of files for all
drivers)::
cmd> devcon.exe driverfiles *
Device ID (names included)::
cmd> devcon.exe hwids *
Device status (running/stoped)::
cmd> devcon.exe status *
USB Command Verifier.
=====================
All USB peripherals are required to pass the Device Framework tests in order
to gain certification.
* http://www.usb.org/developers/tools/
Files.
======
Windows 98 SE/ME.
-----------------
* .386
VxD driver under Windows 3.x
* .vxd
VxD driver under Windows 95
Windows NT (2000/XP/2003).
--------------------------
* .inf
Stored in %Windir%\Inf.
* .pnf
Precompiled INF File. Stored in %Windir%\Inf.
Driver type.
============
CDC.
----
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/837637
How to use or to reference the Usbser.sys driver from
universal serial bus (USB) modem .inf files.
Driver class.
=============
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms791134.aspx
System-Supplied Device Setup Classes
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff538820.aspx
Drivers for the Supported USB Device Classes
How list drivers?
=================
Set environment devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices to 1 and run Device Manager,
select "View" --> "Show hidden devices".
How install drivers?
====================
dpinst.
-------
Driver Install Frameworks (DIFx) tools allow installing driver under following
OSes:
Windows Server 2008 R2
Windows 7
Windows Server 2008
Windows Vista
Windows Server 2003
Windows XP
Windows 2000
It consist from API (from library, DIFxAPI, DIFxApp) and command line tool
(DPInst) which can be found in WDK and their licence allow redistribution.
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/driver/install/DIFxFAQ.mspx
Information about Driver Install Frameworks Tools
http://msdn.microsoft.com/ru-ru/magazine/cc302206%28en-us%29.aspx
If you update any drivers in Device Manager
%windir%\system32\ReinstallBackups folder is created with
backups of the old drivers.
devcon.
-------
This command-line specifies the location of the driver package's INF file (c:\toaster\toastpkg.inf)
and the toaster device's hardware identifier (ID), which is specified within the INF file::
cmd# devcon.exe install c:\toaster\toastpkg.inf {b85b7c50-6a01-11d2-b841-00c04fad5171}\mstoaster
See:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff553642.aspx
Using the DevCon Tool to Install a Driver Package
How debug Windows drivers.
==========================
To detect whether a driver loaded, check the status of the device in Device Manager.
SetupAPI logs information about device installation in a plain-text log file
that you can use to verify the installation of a device and to troubleshoot
device installation problems.
For Windows XP/2003 check::
%SystemRoot%/setupapi.log
For Windows Vista and later versions of Windows check::
%SystemRoot%\inf\SetupAPI.dev.log installation events in the device
%SystemRoot%\inf\SetupAPI.app.log application installation
See:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff553497.aspx
Troubleshooting Install and Load Problems with Signed Driver Packages
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/debugtips.mspx
Improve Driver Debuggability
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff551063.aspx
Debugging Tools for Windows
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff543450%28VS.85%29.aspx
Checked and Free Build Differences
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/ff540793.aspx
Debugging Driver Installation
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/ff550863.aspx
SetupAPI Device Installation Log Entries
Driver signing.
===============
Type of signature:
* Signed by a Windows signing authority.
* Signed by a trusted publisher.
* Signed by an untrusted publisher.
* Signed by a publisher of unknown trust.
* Altered.
* Unsigned.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff544703.aspx
Type of signature and performed action.
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/driver/install/drvsign/best-practices.mspx
Code-Signing Best Practices.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff550764.aspx
Device Installation Signing Requirements.
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/winlogo/categories.mspx
Windows Logo Program Test Categories.
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/driver/install/drvsign/crosscert.mspx
Root Authority Cross-Certificate List
Disable signing requirement on Windows 7 x64.
=============================================
::
cmd> bcdedit -set loadoptions DDISABLE_INTEGRITY_CHECKS
cmd> bcdedit -set TESTSIGNING ON
To revert back::
cmd> bcdedit.exe -set loadoptions ENABLE_INTEGRITY_CHECKS
cmd> bcdedit.exe -set TESTSIGNING OFF
Tools for Signing Drivers.
==========================
'certmgr.msc' present in Windows 2000 and upper.
From Windows SDK/WDK::
CertMgr Inf2Cat MakeCat MakeCert Pvk2Pfx SignTool
To register certificate in Windows 7 (or install "Admin Tools Pack" in Windows
XP)::
cmd> certutil -addstore TrustedPublisher cert.cer
See:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff552958.aspx
Tools for Signing Drivers
http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=16770
Admin Tools Pack
Invoking a Device Properties Dialog Box from a Command-line Prompt.
===================================================================
You need get device-instance-ID-parameter::
cmd# rundll32.exe devmgr.dll,DeviceProperties_RunDLL /DeviceID "ACPI\PNP0F03\4&1A8C8C2E&0"
* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff548170.aspx
Driver Selection Process.
=========================
Windows uses the following criteria to select a driver for a device:
* Windows selects the driver that has the lowest rank value as the best match for the device.
* For drivers that have equal rank, Windows selects the driver that has the most recent date.
* For the drivers that have equal rank and date, Windows selects the driver that has the highest version.
* Windows XP SP1 and later: For drivers that have equal rank, date, and version, Windows can select any driver.
* Windows XP and Windows 2000: For drivers that have equal rank, date, and version, Windows can select any driver.
See:
* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff549553.aspx
Windows driver for USB
======================
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff538820%28VS.85%29.aspx
Drivers for the Supported USB Device Classes
Distributing a Driver Package.
==============================
Windows Update.
---------------
You can distribute a driver package through the Windows Update program if the driver package:
* Passes the WHQL test program and receives a WHQL release signature.
* Qualifies for the Windows Logo program.
* Meets additional requirements that ensure that Windows Update can determine the correct driver
package for the user's device, can legally distribute it, and can automatically download it.
See:
* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff554874.aspx
Hardware ID.
------------
PCI and AGP buses: Contain subsystem ID and subsystem vendor ID (&SUBSYS in the ID string). Drivers
must have VID/DID/SVID/SID PNP ID entries to be published via Windows Update.
PCI Device Subsystem IDs and Windows specifications are available at:
* http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/archive/pciidspec.mspx
PCMCIA: Always specific; contains PCMCIA in the ID string.
USB: Contains VID and &PID in the ID string.
IEEE 1394: Always specific; contains 1394 in the ID string.
HID: Contains &VID and &PID in the ID string.
IDE: Contains IDE\ in the ID string.
Parallel Port Printers: Contain LPTENUM\ in the ID string.
IrDA Printers: IDs begin with HWP.
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/winlogo/winup/default.mspx
Windows Update Driver Publishing