author | Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com> |
Sat, 14 Apr 2018 23:23:01 +0300 | |
changeset 1045 | 0865caed3cfd |
parent 810 | 1fe67941e75b |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
259
30d215edc412
Add standard header.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
257
diff
changeset
|
1 |
.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*- |
256 | 2 |
|
3 |
======================== |
|
4 |
English pronunciation. |
|
5 |
======================== |
|
257 | 6 |
.. contents:: |
301
1439e072640a
Remove CSS hack that suppress displaying document name in TOC by
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
259
diff
changeset
|
7 |
:local: |
256 | 8 |
|
316 | 9 |
Allophone. |
10 |
========== |
|
11 |
||
12 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allophone |
|
13 |
Is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds (or phones) or |
|
14 |
signs used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language. |
|
15 |
||
16 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology#Allophony |
|
17 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allophone#English |
|
18 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology#Allophones_of_consonants |
|
19 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology#Allophones_of_vowels |
|
20 |
||
526 | 21 |
Russian analog |
22 |
============== |
|
316 | 23 |
|
24 |
``[æ]``:: |
|
25 |
||
26 |
пять [pʲætʲ] |
|
27 |
||
28 |
||
526 | 29 |
Exercises |
30 |
========= |
|
256 | 31 |
|
526 | 32 |
[iː] vs [ɪ] |
33 |
----------- |
|
256 | 34 |
:: |
35 |
||
36 |
These six silly sisters are sweet to meet. |
|
37 |
[ðiːz sɪks sɪlɪ sɪstə aː swiːt tuː miːt] |
|
38 |
||
526 | 39 |
sheep [ʃiːp] ship [ʃɪp] |
40 |
heat [hiːt] hit [hɪt] |
|
41 |
feet [fiːt] fit [fɪt] |
|
42 |
cheap [ʧiːp] chip [ʧɪp] |
|
43 |
eel [iːl] ill [ɪl] |
|
44 |
receive [rɪˈsɪːv] sieve [sɪv] |
|
45 |
leave [liːv] live [lɪv] |
|
46 |
peach [piːʧ] pitch [pɪʧ] |
|
47 |
litre [liːtər] litter [lɪtər] |
|
48 |
leap [liːp] lip [lɪp] |
|
49 |
wheel [wiːl] will [wɪl] |
|
50 |
seek [siːk] sick [sɪk] |
|
256 | 51 |
|
526 | 52 |
[ɪ] vs [e] |
53 |
---------- |
|
256 | 54 |
:: |
55 |
||
56 |
Did Ed wed Liz or did Liz wed Ted? |
|
526 | 57 |
tin [tɪn] ten [ten] |
58 |
hill [hɪl] hell [hel] |
|
59 |
did [dɪd] dead [ded] |
|
60 |
bid [bɪd] bed [bed] |
|
61 |
middle [mɪdle] medal [medl] |
|
62 |
fill [fɪl] fell [fel] |
|
63 |
pin [pɪn] pen [pen] |
|
256 | 64 |
|
526 | 65 |
[e] vs [æ] |
66 |
---------- |
|
256 | 67 |
:: |
68 |
||
69 |
I bet you bat better then your fans in the fens. |
|
809 | 70 |
head [hɛd] had [hæd] |
71 |
shell [ʃɛl] shall [ʃæl] |
|
72 |
net [nɛt] gnat [næt] |
|
810 | 73 |
end [ɛnd] and [ænd] |
809 | 74 |
expensive [ɪkˈspɛnsɪv] expansive [ɪkˈspænsɪv] |
256 | 75 |
|
526 | 76 |
[æ] vs [ʌ] |
77 |
---------- |
|
256 | 78 |
:: |
79 |
||
80 |
Cut the cackle and come up with the cash! |
|
526 | 81 |
cat [cæt] cut [kʌt] |
82 |
cap [cæp] cup [kʌp] |
|
83 |
dam [dæm] dumb [dʌm] |
|
84 |
stamp [stæmp] stump [stʌmp] |
|
85 |
ankle [əŋkəl] uncle [ʌŋkəl] |
|
86 |
bat [bæt] but [bʌt] |
|
87 |
swam [swæm] swum [swʌm] |
|
88 |
bank [bænk] bunk [bʌnk] |
|
256 | 89 |
|
526 | 90 |
[æ] vs [aː] |
91 |
----------- |
|
256 | 92 |
:: |
93 |
||
94 |
My hard hearted aunt had a fat cat in her flat. |
|
95 |
cat cart |
|
96 |
hat heart |
|
97 |
had hard |
|
98 |
am arm |
|
99 |
chat chart |
|
100 |
||
526 | 101 |
[æ] vs [eə] |
102 |
----------- |
|
103 |
:: |
|
104 |
||
105 |
dad [dæd] dared [deəd] |
|
106 |
glad [ɡlæd] glared [ɡleəd] |
|
107 |
marry [mæri] Mary [meəri] |
|
108 |
||
109 |
[eɪ] vs [iː] |
|
110 |
------------ |
|
111 |
:: |
|
112 |
||
113 |
ate [eɪt] eat [iːt] |
|
114 |
faced [feɪst] feast [fiːst] |
|
115 |
great [ɡreɪt] greet [ɡriːt] |
|
116 |
mate [meɪt] meet [miːt] |
|
117 |
||
118 |
[əʊ] vs [ɔː] |
|
119 |
------------ |
|
120 |
:: |
|
121 |
||
122 |
coat [kəʊt] caught [kɔːt] |
|
123 |
dough [dəʊ] door [dɔːr] |
|
124 |
sew [səʊ] saw [sɔː] |
|
125 |
flow [fləʊ] floor [flɔːr] |
|
126 |
||
127 |
[w] vs [v] |
|
128 |
---------- |
|
129 |
:: |
|
130 |
||
131 |
wet [wet] vet [vet] |
|
132 |
werse [wɜrs] verse [vɜrs] |
|
133 |
while [waɪl] vile [vaɪl] |
|
134 |
west [west] vest [vest] |
|
135 |
wery [weri] very [very] |
|
136 |
||
137 |
[r] vs [l] |
|
138 |
---------- |
|
139 |
:: |
|
140 |
||
141 |
wrong [rɒŋ] long [lɒŋ] |
|
142 |
royal [rɔɪjəl] loyal [lɔɪjəl] |
|
143 |
missread [mɪsˈred] missled [mɪsˈled] |
|
144 |
pirate [paɪrət] pilot [paɪlət] |
|
145 |
pray [praɪ] play [plaɪ] |
|
146 |
red [red] led [led] |
|
147 |
crime [kraɪm] climb [claɪm] |
|
148 |
crash [kræʃ] clash [klæʃ] |
|
149 |
rice [raɪs] lice [laɪs] |
|
150 |
rock [rɒk] lock [lɒk] |
|
151 |
||
152 |
[n] vs [ŋ] |
|
153 |
---------- |
|
154 |
:: |
|
155 |
||
156 |
ran [ræn] rang [ræŋ] |
|
157 |
son [sʌn] sung [sʌŋ] |
|
158 |
pin [pɪn] ping [pɪŋ] |
|
159 |
thin [θɪn] thing [θɪŋ] |
|
160 |
wind [wɪnd] winged [wɪŋd] |
|
161 |
||
162 |
[m] vs [n] |
|
163 |
---------- |
|
164 |
:: |
|
165 |
||
166 |
sum [sʌm] sun [sʌn] sung [sʌŋ] |
|
167 |
rum [rʌm] run [rʌn] rung [rʌŋ] |
|
168 |
||
169 |
[s] vs [z] |
|
170 |
---------- |
|
171 |
:: |
|
172 |
||
173 |
buzz [bʌz] bus [bʌs] |
|
174 |
rise [raɪz] rice [raɪs] |
|
175 |
zip [zɪp] sip [sɪp] |
|
176 |
lazy [leɪzɪ] lacy [leɪsi] |
|
177 |
his [hɪz] hiss [hɪs] |
|
178 |
cause [cɔːz] course [kɔːrs] |
|
179 |
plays [pleiz] place [pleɪs] |
|
180 |
grows [ɡrəʊz] gross [ɡrəʊs] |
|
181 |
||
182 |
[ʃ] vs [s] |
|
183 |
---------- |
|
184 |
:: |
|
185 |
||
186 |
ship [ʃɪp] sip [sɪp] |
|
187 |
show [ʃəʊ] so [səʊ] |
|
188 |
shy [ʃaɪ] sigh [saɪ] |
|
189 |
chauffeur [ʃəʊfər] sofa [səʊfə] |
|
190 |
shock [ʃɒk] sock [sɒk] |
|
191 |
||
192 |
[v] vs [f] |
|
193 |
---------- |
|
194 |
:: |
|
195 |
||
196 |
vault [vɔːlt] fault [fɔːlt] |
|
197 |
believe [bɪliːv] belief [bɪliːf] |
|
198 |
live [laɪv] life [laɪf] |
|
199 |
van [væn] fan [fæn] |
|
200 |
leave [liːv] leaf [liːf] |
|
201 |
of [ɒv] off [ɒf] |
|
202 |
rival [raɪvəl] rifle [raɪfəl] |
|
203 |
||
204 |
[v] vs [b] |
|
205 |
---------- |
|
206 |
:: |
|
207 |
||
208 |
very [ˈveri] berry [ˈberi] |
|
209 |
||
210 |
[d] vs [t] |
|
211 |
---------- |
|
212 |
:: |
|
213 |
||
214 |
dame [daɪm] tame [taɪm] |
|
215 |
doom [duːm] tomb [tuːm] |
|
216 |
medal [medəl] metal [metəl] |
|
217 |
heard [hɜːrd] hurt [hɜːrt] |
|
218 |
din [dɪn] tin [tɪn] |
|
219 |
do [duː] to [tuː] |
|
220 |
down [daʊn] town [taʊn] |
|
221 |
aid [eɪd] eight [eɪt] |
|
222 |
bed [bed] bet [bet] |
|
223 |
||
224 |
[b] vs [p] |
|
225 |
---------- |
|
226 |
:: |
|
227 |
||
228 |
back [bæk] pack [pæk] |
|
229 |
cab [cæb] cap [kæp] |
|
230 |
symbol [sɪmbəl] simple [sɪmpəl] |
|
231 |
bare [beə] pair [peə] |
|
232 |
bunch [bʌnʧ] punch [pʌnʧ] |
|
233 |
bump [bʌmp] pump [pʌmp] |
|
234 |
bull [bʊl] pull [pʊl] |
|
235 |
||
236 |
[ɡ] vs [k] |
|
237 |
---------- |
|
238 |
:: |
|
239 |
||
240 |
glue [ɡluː] clue [kluː] |
|
241 |
ghost [ɡəʊst] coast [kəʊst] |
|
242 |
log [lɒɡ] lock [lɒk] |
|
243 |
pig [pɪɡ] pick [pɪk] |
|
244 |
game [ɡeIm] came [keɪm] |
|
245 |
gauge [ɡeɪdʒ] cage [keɪdɡ] |
|
246 |
galleries [ɡæləriːz] calories [kæləriːz] |
|
247 |
||
248 |
[ʧ] vs [dʒ] |
|
249 |
----------- |
|
250 |
:: |
|
251 |
||
252 |
choke [ʧəʊk] joke [dʒəʊk] |
|
253 |
chunk [ʧʌnk] junk [dʒʌŋk] |
|
254 |
rich [rɪʧ] ridge [rɪdʒ] |
|
255 |
lunch [lʌnʧ] lunge [lʌndʒ] |
|
256 |
search [sɜːrʧ] surge [sɜːrdʒ] |
|
257 |