author | Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com> |
Thu, 08 Dec 2016 14:08:22 +0200 | |
changeset 708 | 2f5f6a64bd18 |
parent 707 | 7d36ce65387e |
child 709 | dd8b8f805163 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
279 | 1 |
|
707
7d36ce65387e
Separate file for English verb grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
706
diff
changeset
|
2 |
=============== |
7d36ce65387e
Separate file for English verb grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
706
diff
changeset
|
3 |
English verbs |
7d36ce65387e
Separate file for English verb grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
706
diff
changeset
|
4 |
=============== |
279 | 5 |
.. contents:: |
301
1439e072640a
Remove CSS hack that suppress displaying document name in TOC by
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
282
diff
changeset
|
6 |
:local: |
279 | 7 |
|
8 |
.. role:: cr |
|
9 |
:class: cr |
|
10 |
.. role:: cg |
|
11 |
:class: cg |
|
12 |
||
708 | 13 |
English tenses |
14 |
============== |
|
15 |
||
16 |
Tenses of the main verb in sentence: |
|
17 |
||
18 |
========================== ============================= ================================ |
|
19 |
Tense \\ Voise Active Passive |
|
20 |
========================== ============================= ================================ |
|
21 |
Present simple SUB V1 SUB V3 |
|
22 |
Present continuous SUB :cg:`am/is/are` V-ing SUB :cg:`am/is/are being` V-ing |
|
23 |
Present perfect SUB :cg:`have/has` V3 SUB :cg:`have/has been` V3 |
|
24 |
Present perfect continuous SUB :cg:`have/has been` V-ing SUB :cg:`have/has been being` V3 |
|
25 |
Past simple SUB V2 SUB :cg:`was/were` V3 |
|
26 |
Past continuous SUB :cg:`was/were` V-ing SUB :cg:`was/were being` V3 |
|
27 |
Past perfect SUB :cg:`had` V3 SUB :cg:`had been` V3 |
|
28 |
========================== ============================= ================================ |
|
29 |
||
30 |
Tenses of the infinitive: |
|
31 |
||
32 |
================== ======================== ======================= |
|
33 |
Tense \\ Voise Active Passive |
|
34 |
================== ======================== ======================= |
|
35 |
Present :cg:`to` V1 :cg:`to be` V3 |
|
36 |
Present Continuous :cg:`to be` V-ing \- |
|
37 |
Perfect :cg:`to have` V3 :cg:`to have been` V3 |
|
38 |
Perfect Continuous :cg:`to have been` V-ing \- |
|
39 |
================== ======================== ======================= |
|
40 |
||
41 |
Tenses of the -ing form: |
|
42 |
||
43 |
================== ================= ======================= |
|
44 |
Tense \\ Voise Active Passive |
|
45 |
================== ================= ======================= |
|
46 |
Present V-ing :cg:`being` V3 |
|
47 |
Perfect :cg:`having` V3 :cg:`having been` V3 |
|
48 |
================== ================= ======================= |
|
49 |
||
303
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
50 |
Present Simple Tense |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
51 |
==================== |
279 | 52 |
|
706
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
53 |
``SUB`` - plural or 1st/2nd person subject, ``SUB3`` - singular 3rd person |
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
54 |
subject, ``V1`` - infinitive form of verb. |
279 | 55 |
|
706
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
56 |
Check `creating V1 + -s/-es form <en-affixes.html>`_ link for more information. |
279 | 57 |
|
281 | 58 |
.. table:: Statement sentence |
59 |
||
706
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
60 |
+-------------------------+-----+ |
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
61 |
|| SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ | |
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
62 |
|| SUB3 :cr:`V1 + -s/-es` | | |
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
63 |
+-------------------------+-----+ |
281 | 64 |
|
65 |
.. table:: Negation sentence |
|
66 |
||
67 |
+--------------------------------+-----+ |
|
706
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
68 |
|| SUB :cg:`do not` :cr:`V1` | OBJ | |
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
69 |
|| SUB :cg:`don't` :cr:`V1` | | |
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
70 |
|| SUB3 :cg:`does not` :cr:`V1` | | |
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
71 |
|| SUB3 :cg:`doesn't` :cr:`V1` | | |
281 | 72 |
+--------------------------------+-----+ |
73 |
||
74 |
.. table:: Question sentence |
|
75 |
||
76 |
+----------------------------+------+ |
|
706
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
77 |
|| :cg:`Do` SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ? | |
f5de92f37c3e
Fix Present simple grammar.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
339
diff
changeset
|
78 |
|| :cg:`Does` SUB3 :cr:`V1` | | |
281 | 79 |
+----------------------------+------+ |
279 | 80 |
|
303
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
81 |
Present Simple Tense for be |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
82 |
============================ |
279 | 83 |
|
281 | 84 |
.. table:: Statement sentence |
85 |
||
86 |
+-----------------+-----+ |
|
87 |
|| I :cg:`am` | OBJ | |
|
88 |
|| :cg:`I'm` | | |
|
89 |
+-----------------+ | |
|
90 |
|| You :cg:`are` | | |
|
91 |
|| :cg:`You're` | | |
|
92 |
|| We :cg:`are` | | |
|
93 |
|| :cg:`We're` | | |
|
94 |
|| They :cg:`are` | | |
|
95 |
|| :cg:`They're` | | |
|
96 |
+-----------------+ | |
|
97 |
|| He :cg:`is` | | |
|
98 |
|| :cg:`He's` | | |
|
99 |
|| She :cg:`is` | | |
|
100 |
|| :cg:`She's` | | |
|
101 |
|| It :cg:`is` | | |
|
102 |
|| :cg:`It's` | | |
|
103 |
+-----------------+-----+ |
|
104 |
||
105 |
.. table:: Negation sentence |
|
106 |
||
107 |
+---------------------+-----+ |
|
108 |
|| I :cg:`am not` | OBJ | |
|
109 |
|| :cg:`I'm not` | | |
|
110 |
+---------------------+ | |
|
111 |
|| You :cg:`are not` | | |
|
112 |
|| You :cg:`aren't` | | |
|
113 |
|| :cg:`You're not` | | |
|
114 |
|| We :cg:`are not` | | |
|
115 |
|| We :cg:`aren't` | | |
|
116 |
|| :cg:`We're not` | | |
|
117 |
|| They :cg:`are not` | | |
|
118 |
|| They :cg:`aren't` | | |
|
119 |
|| :cg:`They're not` | | |
|
120 |
+---------------------+ | |
|
121 |
|| He :cg:`is not` | | |
|
122 |
|| He :cg:`isn't` | | |
|
123 |
|| :cg:`He's not` | | |
|
124 |
|| She :cg:`is not` | | |
|
125 |
|| She :cg:`isn't` | | |
|
126 |
|| :cg:`She's not` | | |
|
127 |
|| It :cg:`is not` | | |
|
128 |
|| It :cg:`isn't` | | |
|
129 |
|| :cg:`It's not` | | |
|
130 |
+---------------------+-----+ |
|
131 |
||
132 |
.. table:: Question sentence. |
|
133 |
||
134 |
+------------+--------+-------+ |
|
135 |
|| :cg:`Am` || I || OBJ? | |
|
136 |
+------------+--------+ | |
|
137 |
|| :cg:`Are` || we | | |
|
138 |
| || you | | |
|
139 |
| || they | | |
|
140 |
+------------+--------+ | |
|
141 |
|| :cg:`Is` || he | | |
|
142 |
| || she | | |
|
143 |
| || it | | |
|
144 |
+------------+--------+-------+ |
|
279 | 145 |
|
303
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
146 |
Present Simple Tense for have |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
147 |
============================= |
279 | 148 |
|
281 | 149 |
.. table:: Statement sentence |
150 |
||
151 |
+------------------+------+ |
|
152 |
|| I :cg:`have` || OBJ | |
|
153 |
|| :cg:`I've` || OBJ | |
|
154 |
|| You :cg:`have` | | |
|
155 |
|| :cg:`You've` | | |
|
156 |
|| We :cg:`have` | | |
|
157 |
|| :cg:`We've` | | |
|
158 |
|| They :cg:`have` | | |
|
159 |
|| :cg:`They've` | | |
|
160 |
+------------------+------+ |
|
161 |
|| He :cg:`has` | | |
|
162 |
|| :cg:`He's` | | |
|
163 |
|| She :cg:`has` | | |
|
164 |
|| :cg:`She's` | | |
|
165 |
|| It :cg:`has` | | |
|
166 |
|| :cg:`It's` | | |
|
167 |
+------------------+------+ |
|
168 |
||
169 |
.. table:: Negation sentence |
|
170 |
||
171 |
+---------------------+------+ |
|
172 |
|| I :cg:`have no` || OBJ | |
|
173 |
|| :cg:`I've no` | | |
|
174 |
|| You :cg:`have no` | | |
|
175 |
|| :cg:`You've no` | | |
|
176 |
|| We :cg:`have no` | | |
|
177 |
|| :cg:`We've no` | | |
|
178 |
|| They :cg:`have no` | | |
|
179 |
|| :cg:`They've no` | | |
|
180 |
+---------------------+------+ |
|
181 |
|| He :cg:`has no` | | |
|
182 |
|| :cg:`He's no` | | |
|
183 |
|| She :cg:`has no` | | |
|
184 |
|| :cg:`She's no` | | |
|
185 |
|| It :cg:`has no` | | |
|
186 |
|| :cg:`It's no` | | |
|
187 |
+---------------------+------+ |
|
188 |
||
189 |
.. table:: Question sentence |
|
190 |
||
191 |
+-------------+-------+-------+ |
|
192 |
|| :cg:`Have` || I || OBJ? | |
|
193 |
|| || you | | |
|
194 |
|| || we | | |
|
195 |
|| || they | | |
|
196 |
+-------------+-------+ | |
|
197 |
|| :cg:`Has` || he | | |
|
198 |
|| || she | | |
|
199 |
|| || it | | |
|
200 |
+-------------+-------+-------+ |
|
279 | 201 |
|
303
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
202 |
Past simple tense |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
203 |
================= |
282 | 204 |
|
205 |
``SUB`` - subject, ``V2`` - past form of verb. |
|
206 |
||
207 |
.. table:: Statement sentence |
|
208 |
||
209 |
+-------------------+ |
|
210 |
|| SUB :cr:`V2` OBJ | |
|
211 |
+-------------------+ |
|
212 |
||
213 |
.. table:: Negation sentence |
|
214 |
||
215 |
+------+----------------+--------------+ |
|
216 |
|| SUB || :cg:`did not` | :cr:`V1` OBJ | |
|
217 |
|| || :cg:`did't` | | |
|
218 |
+------+----------------+--------------+ |
|
219 |
||
220 |
.. table:: Question sentence |
|
221 |
||
222 |
+-------------------------+------+ |
|
223 |
|| :cg:`Did` SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ? | |
|
224 |
+-------------------------+------+ |
|
225 |
||
303
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
226 |
Imperative mood |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
227 |
=============== |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
228 |
|
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
229 |
``V1`` - infinitive form of verb, ``OBJ`` - object, ``ADV`` - adverb. |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
230 |
|
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
231 |
.. table:: imperative mood |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
232 |
|
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
233 |
+-------------------+ |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
234 |
|| :cr:`V1` OBJ | |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
235 |
|| :cr:`V1` OBJ ADV | |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
236 |
+-------------------+ |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
237 |
|
306
973965452d79
Fix: Unknown directive type "example".
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
303
diff
changeset
|
238 |
.. line-block:: |
303
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
239 |
|
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
240 |
Get this! |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
241 |
Bring him immediately! |
c045b1983d14
"Imperative mood" article.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
301
diff
changeset
|
242 |
Do that right now! |