www/HACKING.rst
author Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
Tue, 06 Mar 2018 11:52:32 +0200
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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======================
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 gadict HACKING guide
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======================
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.. contents::
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   :local:
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Versioning rules
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================
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We use **major.minor** schema.
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Until we reach 5000 words **major** is 0. **minor** updated from time to time.
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Getting sources
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===============
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Cloning repository::
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  $ hg clone http://hg.defun.work/gadict gadict
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  $ hg clone http://hg.code.sf.net/p/gadict/code gadict-hg
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Pushing changes::
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  $ hg push ssh://$USER@hg.defun.work/gadict
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  $ hg push ssh://$USER@hg.code.sf.net/p/gadict/code
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  $ hg push https://$USER:$PASS@hg.code.sf.net/p/gadict/code
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Browsing sources online
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=======================
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  http://hg.defun.work/gadict
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    hgweb at home page.
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  http://hg.code.sf.net/p/gadict/code
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    hgweb at old home page (but supported as mirror).
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  https://sourceforge.net/p/gadict/code/
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    Sourceforge Allure interface (not primary, a mirror).
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Building project
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================
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``gadict`` project provides dictionaries encoded in custom format. In order to
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precess them you need GNU Make and Python 2.7 and possibly other tools.
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To produce dictionaries in ``dictd`` format you need to install ``dictd``
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dictribution with ``dictfmt`` and ``dictzip`` utilities and run::
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  $ make dict
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To make Anki decks checkout Anki sources::
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  $ git clone https://github.com/dae/anki.git
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  $ cd anki
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and update to specific revision (before strong dependency to ``pyaudio`` which
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is not available on Cygwin)::
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  $ git co 1d75cff5e7458c6538a4e75728c16bef8b7adb3e^
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  $ git show 1d75cff5e7458c6538a4e75728c16bef8b7adb3e
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  commit 1d75cff5e7458c6538a4e75728c16bef8b7adb3e
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  Author: Damien Elmes <git@ichi2.net>
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  Date:   2016-06-23 12:04:48 +1000
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      pyaudio is no longer optional
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Previously build uses Python 2 and depends on earlier source revitions (before
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port to Python 3)::
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  $ git co  15b349e3^
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  $ git show 15b349e3
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  commit 15b349e3a8b34bf80c134b406c9b90f61250ee9e
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  Author: Damien Elmes <git@ichi2.net>
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  Date:   2016-05-12 14:45:35 +1000
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      start port to python 3
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and put path to Anki project source dir inside ``Makefile.config``::
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  ANKI_PY_DIR := $(HOME)/devel/anki
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Build command to make Anki deks is::
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  $ make anki
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Alternative Anki generators
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===========================
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https://github.com/kerrickstaley/genanki
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  A Library for Generating Anki Decks.
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https://github.com/damaru2/ankigenbot/blob/master/src/send_card.py
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  Pushes cards to https://ankiweb.net
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Dictionary source file format
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=============================
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gadict project uses dictd C5 source file format in the past. C5 format have
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several issues:
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 * C5 is not structural format. So producing another forms and conversion to
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   other formats is not possible.
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 * C5 have no markup for links neither for any other markups.
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Before that project used dictd TAB file format which require placing article in
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a single long line. That format is not for human editing at all.
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Other dictionary source file formats are considered as choice, like TEI, ISO,
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xdxf, MDF. XML like formats also are not for human editing. Also XML lack of
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syntax locality and full file should be scanned to validate local changes...
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Note that StarDict, AbbyLinguo, Babylon, dictd formats are not considered
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because they all about a presentation but not a structure. They are target
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formats for compilation.
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Fancy looking analog to MDF + C5 was developed.
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Beginning of file describe dictionary information.
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Each article separated by ``\n__\n\n`` and consists of two parts:
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 * word variations with pronunciation
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 * word translations, with supplementary information like part of speach,
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   synonyms, antonyms, example of usage
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*Word variation* are:
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* *singularity* or *number*: ``s`` - single, ``pl`` - plural.
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* *verb voice* or *verb tense*: ``v1`` - infinitive, ``v2`` - past tense,
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  ``v3`` past participle tense.
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* *gender*: ``male`` or ``female``.
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* *comparison*: ``comp`` - comparative or ``super`` - superlative.
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*Parts of speech* (ordered by preference):
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* ``v`` - verb
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* ``n`` - noun
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* ``pron`` - pronoun
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* ``adv`` - adverb
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* ``adj`` - adjective
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* ``prep`` - preposition
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* ``conj`` - conjunction
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b7e7a04b9060 numeral
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* ``num`` - numeral
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* ``int`` - interjection
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* ``abbr`` - abbreviation
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* ``phr`` - phrase
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* ``phr.v`` - phrasal verb
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* ``contr`` - contraction
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* ``prefix`` - word prefix
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.. note:: I try to keep word meanings in article in above POS order.
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Each meaning may refer to topics, like:
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* ``sci`` - about science
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* ``body`` - part of body
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* ``math`` - mathematics
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* ``chem`` - chemicals
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* ``bio`` - biology
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* ``music``
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* ``meal``, ``office``, etc
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* ``size``, ``shape``, ``age``, ``color``
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* ``archaic`` - old fashioned, no longer used
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*Word relation* (ordered by preference):
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* ``topic:`` - topics/tags
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* ``ant:`` - antonyms
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* ``syn:`` - synonyms
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* ``hyper:`` - hypernyms
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* ``hypo:`` - hyponyms
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* ``rel:`` - related (see also) terms
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Translation marked by lowercase ISO 639-1 code with ``:`` (colon) character,
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like:
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* ``en:`` - English
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* ``ru:`` - Russian
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* ``uk:`` - Ukrainian
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* ``la:`` - Latin
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Example marked by lowercase ISO 639-1 code with ``>`` (greater) character.
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Explanation or glossary are marked by lowercase ISO 639-1 code with ``=``
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(equal) character.
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Pronunciation variants marked by:
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* ``Am`` - American
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* ``Br`` - Great Britain
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* ``Au`` - Australian
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``rare`` attribute to first headword used as marker that word has low frequency.
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SRS file writers skip entries marked as ``rare``. I found it convenient to check
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frequency with:
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https://books.google.com/ngrams/
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  Google N-grams from books 1800-2010.
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For cut-off point I chose ``beseech`` word. All less frequent words receive
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``rare`` marker.
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C5 dictionary source file format
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================================
233
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For source file format used dictd C5 file format. See::
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  $ man 1 dictfmt
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Shortly:
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 * Headwords was preceded by 5 or more underscore characters ``_`` and a blank
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   line.
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 * Article may have several headwords, in that case they are placed in one line
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   and separated by ``;<SPACE>``.
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 * All text until the next headword is considered as the definition.
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 * Any leading ``@`` characters are stripped out, but the file is otherwise
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   unchanged.
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 * UTF-8 encoding is supported at least by Goldendict.
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gadict project used C5 format in the past but switched to own format.
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TODO convention
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===============
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Entries or parts of text that was not completed marked by keywords:
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  TODO
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    incomplete
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  XXX
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    urgent incomplete
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Makefile rules ``todo`` find this occurrence in sources::
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  $ make todo
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World wide dictionary formats and standards
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===========================================
233
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_writing_system
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                Dictionary writing system
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  http://www.sil.org/computing/shoebox/mdf.html
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                Multi-Dictionary Formatter (MDF). It defines about 100 data
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                field markers.
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  http://fieldworks.sil.org/flex/
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                FieldWorks Language Explorer (or FLEx, for short) is designed
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                to help field linguists perform many common language
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                documentation and analysis tasks.
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  http://code.google.com/p/lift-standard/
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                LIFT (Lexicon Interchange FormaT) is an XML format for storing
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                lexical information, as used in the creation of dictionaries.
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                It's not necessarily the format for your lexicon.
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  http://www.lexiquepro.com/
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                Lexique Pro is an interactive lexicon viewer and editor, with
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                hyperlinks between entries, category views, dictionary
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                reversal, search, and export tools. It's designed to display
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                your data in a user-friendly format so you can distribute it
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                to others.
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  http://deb.fi.muni.cz/index.php
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   261
                DEBII — Dictionary Editor and Browser
d3670cd252ce Move info about dict format to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   262
814
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   263
Linguistic sources
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   264
==================
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   265
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
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   266
Ukrainian linguistics corpora
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
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   267
-----------------------------
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   268
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   269
**National corpus of Russian language**. There is parallel Russian-Ukrainian
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   270
texts. Search by keywords, grammatical function, thesaurus properties and other
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   271
properties.
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   272
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   273
http://www.ruscorpora.ru/search-para-uk.html
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   274
  Page for querying online.
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   275
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   276
**Corpus of mova.info project**. Thtere are literal search and search by word
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   277
family.
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 813
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   278
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   279
http://www.mova.info/corpus.aspx
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 813
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   280
  Page for querying online.
32541770fadd Ukrainian linguistics corpora.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   281
635
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   282
Word lists
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   283
==========
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
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   284
636
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   285
Frequency wordlists use several statistics:
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   286
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   287
* number of word occurrences in corpus, usually marked by ``F``
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   288
* adjusted number of occurrences per 1.000.000 in corpus, usually marked by
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   289
  ``U``
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   290
* Standard Frequency Index (SFI) is a:
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
diff changeset
   291
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   292
  .. math:: SFI = 40 + 10 * log_10(U)
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   293
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   294
  ===  ================
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   295
  SFI       Freq
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   296
  ===  ================
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   297
  90   1 per 10
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
diff changeset
   298
  80   1 per 100
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
diff changeset
   299
  70   1 per 1000
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
diff changeset
   300
  60   1 per 10.000
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
diff changeset
   301
  50   1 per 100.000
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   302
  40   1 per 1.000.000
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   303
  30   1 per 10.000.000
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   304
  ===  ================
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   305
* deviation of word frequency across documents in corpus, usually marked by
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   306
  ``D``
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
diff changeset
   307
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   308
Sorting numerically on first= column::
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
diff changeset
   309
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   310
  $ sort -k 1nr,2 <$IN >$OUT
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   311
635
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
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   312
OANC frequency wordlist
636
bc521aba85bc Frequency wordlists use several statistics.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 635
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   313
-----------------------
635
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   314
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
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   315
The Open American National Corpus (OANC) is a roughly 15 million word subset of
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   316
the ANC Second Release that is unrestricted in terms of usage and
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   317
redistribution.
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   318
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
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   319
I've got OANC from link: http://www.anc.org/OANC/OANC-1.0.1-UTF8.zip
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   320
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   321
After unpacking only ``.txt`` files::
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   322
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   323
  $ unzip OANC-1.0.1-UTF8.zip '*.txt'
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   324
  $ cd OANC; find . -type f | xargs cat | wc
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   325
  2090929 14586935 96737202
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   326
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   327
I built frequency list with:
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   328
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   329
http://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/antconc/
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   330
  A freeware corpus analysis toolkit for concordancing and text analysis.
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   331
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   332
manually removed single and double letter words, filter out misspelled words
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   333
with ``en_US`` ``hunspell`` spell-checker and merged word variations to baseform
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   334
with using WordNet. See details in ``obsolete/oanc.py``.
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   335
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   336
http://www.anc.org/data/oanc/download/
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   337
  OANC download page.
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   338
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   339
http://www.anc.org/data/oanc/
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   340
  OANC home page.
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   341
642
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   342
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_lists_by_frequency
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   343
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   344
Useful word lists:
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   345
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   346
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   347
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_Word_List
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   348
  Academic Word List at Wikipedia.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   349
https://web.archive.org/web/20080212073904/http://language.massey.ac.nz/staff/awl/headwords.shtml
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   350
  Academic Word List by Averil Coxhead created in 2000 as addition to GSL and
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   351
  has 570 headwords.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   352
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   353
Obsolete or proprietary word list:
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   354
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   355
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_English
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   356
  850 headword list created in 1930.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   357
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   358
General Service List
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   359
--------------------
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   360
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   361
Updated GSL (General Service List) was obtained from:
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   362
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   363
http://jbauman.com/gsl.html
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   364
  A 1995 revised version of the GSL with minor changes by John Bauman. He added
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   365
  284 new headwords to original 2000 word list created by Michael West in 1953.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   366
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   367
First column represents the number of occurrences per 1,000,000 words of the
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   368
Brown corpus based on counting word families.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   369
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   370
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Service_List
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   371
  General Service List at Wikipedia.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   372
http://jbauman.com/aboutgsl.html
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   373
  About the General Service List by John Bauman.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   374
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   375
New General Service List
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   376
------------------------
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   377
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   378
NGSL was obtained from:
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   379
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   380
http://www.newgeneralservicelist.org/s/NGSL-101-by-band-qq9o.xlsx
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   381
  Microsoft XLS file with headword, frequency and SFI.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   382
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   383
First column represents the adjusted frequency per 1,000,000 words and counting
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   384
base word families.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   385
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   386
Academic Word List
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   387
------------------
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   388
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   389
The Academic Word List (AWL) was published in the Summer, 2000 issue of the
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   390
TESOL Quarterly (v. 34, no. 2). It was devloped by Averil Coxhead, of Victoria
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   391
University of Wellington, in New Zealand. The AWL is a replacement for the
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   392
University Word List (published by Paul Nation in 1984).
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   393
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   394
AWL (Academic Word List) is obtained from:
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   395
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   396
https://web.archive.org/web/20081014065815/http://language.massey.ac.nz/staff/awl/download/awlheadwords.rtf
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   397
  Original Academic Word List in RTF format.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   398
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   399
Its structure is headword following by frequency level (from 1 as most frequent
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   400
to 10 as least frequent).
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   401
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   402
New Academic Word List
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   403
----------------------
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   404
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   405
Frequency word list was obtained from:
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   406
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   407
http://www.newacademicwordlist.org/s/NAWL_SFI.csv
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   408
  CSV with colums ``Word,SFI,U,D``.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   409
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   410
``SFI`` and ``D`` columns was deleted and ``U`` and ``Word`` column was swapped.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   411
Data was sorted by ``U`` column (adjusted frequency per 1,000,000 words).
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   412
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   413
NSWL headword list with word variations was obtained from:
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   414
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   415
http://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/antwordprofiler/
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   416
  Laurence Anthony's AntWordProfiler home page.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   417
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   418
It is encoded in ``latin-1`` and recoded into ``utf-8`` (because of ``É``
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   419
symbol).
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   420
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   421
See also:
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   422
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   423
http://www.newacademicwordlist.org/
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   424
  Home page.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   425
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   426
Special English word list
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   427
-------------------------
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   428
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   429
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_English
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   430
  Special English is a controlled version of the English languageused by the
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   431
  United States broadcasting service Voice of America (VOA). 1557 headwords.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   432
654
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   433
Business Service List
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   434
---------------------
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   435
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   436
The 1700 words of the BSL 1.01 version gives up to 97% coverage of general
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   437
business English materials when combined with the 2800 words of the NGSL.
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   438
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   439
Wordlist with variations was obtained from:
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   440
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   441
http://www.newgeneralservicelist.org/s/AWPngslbsl-twcg.zip
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   442
  In AntWordProfiler compatable format.
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   443
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   444
http://www.newgeneralservicelist.org/bsl-business-service-list/
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   445
  BSL home & download page.
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   446
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   447
TOEIC Service List
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   448
------------------
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   449
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   450
Based on a 1.5 million word corpus of various TOEIC preparation materials, the
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   451
1200 words of the TSL 1.1 version gives up to 99% coverage of TOEIC materials
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   452
and tests when combined with the 2800 words of the NGSL.
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   453
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   454
Wordlist with variations was obtained from:
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   455
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   456
http://www.newgeneralservicelist.org/s/AWPngsltsl.zip
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   457
  In AntWordProfiler compatable format.
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   458
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   459
http://www.newgeneralservicelist.org/toeic-list/
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   460
  The TOEIC Service List home page.
2e7485bc264d About Business Service List & TOEIC Service List.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 647
diff changeset
   461
642
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   462
BNC+COCA wordlist
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   463
-----------------
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   464
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   465
Paul Nation prepare frequency wordlist from combined BNC and COCA corpus:
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   466
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   467
http://www.victoria.ac.nz/lals/about/staff/paul-nation
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   468
  Paul Nation's home page and list download page.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   469
https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:BNC_spoken_freq
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   470
  About list on Wikimedia.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   471
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   472
It has 25000 basewords (and each baseword comes with variations) splited into
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   473
chunks by 1000 words.
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   474
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   475
I get list from:
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   476
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   477
http://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/antwordprofiler/
c1032aea6265 Describe word list sources.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 636
diff changeset
   478
  Laurence Anthony's AntWordProfiler home page.
635
445ee650a9ba Add OANC frequency wordlist.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 634
diff changeset
   479
850
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   480
Miscellaneous wordlists
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   481
-----------------------
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   482
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   483
The Dolch word list is a list of frequently used English words compiled by
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   484
Edward William Dolch. The list was prepared in 1936 and was originally published
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   485
in his book Problems in Reading in 1948. Dolch compiled the list based on
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   486
children's books of his era. The list contains 220 "service words". The
851
a45ebb513160 Added note that gadict cover miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 850
diff changeset
   487
compilation excludes nouns, which comprise a separate 95-word list.
a45ebb513160 Added note that gadict cover miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 850
diff changeset
   488
a45ebb513160 Added note that gadict cover miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 850
diff changeset
   489
Dolch wordlist already covered by ``gadict``.
850
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   490
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   491
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolch_word_list
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   492
  Wikipedia article with list itself.
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   493
851
a45ebb513160 Added note that gadict cover miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 850
diff changeset
   494
The Leipzig-Jakarta list is a 100-word word list used by linguists to test the
850
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   495
degree of chronological separation of languages by comparing words that are
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   496
resistant to borrowing. The Leipzig-Jakarta list became available in 2009.
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   497
851
a45ebb513160 Added note that gadict cover miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 850
diff changeset
   498
Leipzig-Jakarta wordlist already covered by ``gadict``.
a45ebb513160 Added note that gadict cover miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 850
diff changeset
   499
850
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   500
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leipzig%E2%80%93Jakarta_list
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   501
  Wikipedia article with list itself.
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   502
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   503
The words in the Swadesh lists were chosen for their universal, culturally
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   504
independent availability in as many languages as possible. Swadesh's final list,
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   505
published in 1971, contains 100 terms.
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   506
851
a45ebb513160 Added note that gadict cover miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 850
diff changeset
   507
Swadesh wordlist already covered by ``gadict`` except some rare words.
a45ebb513160 Added note that gadict cover miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 850
diff changeset
   508
850
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   509
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swadesh_list
e1ac373d384c Added info about miscellaneous wordlists.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 814
diff changeset
   510
342
e3d85aeefdec Remove trailing dot from section titles.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   511
Typing IPA chars in Emacs
e3d85aeefdec Remove trailing dot from section titles.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   512
=========================
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   513
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   514
For entering IPA chars use IPA input method. To enable it type::
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   515
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   516
  C-u C-\ ipa <enter>
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   517
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   518
All chars from alphabet typed as usual. To type special IPA chars use next key
246
2c3b02416526 M-x describe-input-method
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 243
diff changeset
   519
bindings (or read help in Emacs by ``M-x describe-input-method`` or ``C-h I``).
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   520
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   521
For vowel::
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   522
247
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   523
  æ  ae
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   524
  ɑ  o| or A
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   525
  ɒ  |o  or /A
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   526
  ʊ  U
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   527
  ɛ  /3 or E
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   528
  ɔ  /c
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   529
  ə  /e
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   530
  ʌ  /v
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   531
  ɪ  I
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   532
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   533
For consonant::
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   534
247
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   535
  θ  th
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   536
  ð  dh
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   537
  ʃ  sh
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   538
  ʧ  tsh
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   539
  ʒ  zh or 3
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   540
  ŋ  ng
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   541
  ɡ  g
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   542
  ɹ  /r
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   543
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   544
Special chars::
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   545
247
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   546
  ː  : (semicolon)
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   547
  ˈ  ' (quote)
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   548
  ˌ  ` (back quote)
95
27117b30660d Move 'IPA chars' section to HACKING file.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 69
diff changeset
   549
247
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   550
Alternatively use ``ipa-x-sampa`` or ``ipa-kirshenbaum`` input method (for help
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   551
type: ``C-h I ipa-x-sampa RET`` or ``C-h I ipa-kirshenbaum RET``).
ba56b6c0877b About ipa-x-sampa and ipa-kirshenbaum.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 246
diff changeset
   552