.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

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 IPA in gadict.

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.. contents::

   :local:

Pronunciation rules for English.

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In English written symbol represent different sounds::

  rough [XXX]

  through [XXX]

  bough [XXX]

  though [XXX]

  cough [XXX]

Many linguists argue that English require spelling reform.

Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.

=================================

Phonetic transcriptions usually enclosed in square brackets ``[əbaʊt]`` or

slashes ``/əbaʊt/``.

``gadict`` project try to follow OED 2ed (Oxford English Dictionary)

pronunciation for dialect known as RP (Received Pronunciation) and uses IPA for

representation of pronunciation like in Wikipedia project:

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English

                Wikipedia IPA for English.

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English

                This concise chart shows the most common applications of the

                International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent English

                language pronunciations.

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation

                Wiki about RP.

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oed

                Oxford English Dictionary.

Compare:

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_conventions_for_English

Consonants.

-----------

[b]::

  bed [XXX], bird [XXX], baby [XXX]

[p]::

  pen [XXX], people [XXX]

[d]::

  dead [XXX], dust [XXX]

[t]::

  tree [XXX]

[ʧ]::

  XXX

[]::

[f]::

  flow [XXX], fine [XXX]

[g]::

  glove [XXX], give [XXX]

[j]::

  job [XXX]

[k]::

  cat [kæt]

[l]::

  lamp [læmp]

[m]::

  milk [mɪlk]

[n]::

  note [nəʊt]

[r]::

  road [rəʊd]

[s]::

  sofa [səʊfə]

[ð]::

  both [bəʊð]

[θ]::

  think [θɪnk]

[ʒ]::

  pleasure [pleʒə]

[dʒ]::

  bridge [brɪdʒ]

Vowels.

-------

[ʌ]::

  son [sʌn], ɡun [ɡʌn]

[ɑː]::

  car [kɑː]

[ɒ]::

  lot [lɒt], hot [hɒt]

[ɔː]::

  fork [fɔːk], or [ɔː], fall [fɔːl]

[ɔɪ]::

  choice [ʧɔɪs], boy [bɔɪ]

[əʊ]::

  open [əʊpən], colon [kəʊlən]

[ʊ]::

  xxx

[ɛ]::

  pen [pɛn], text [tɛxt], pet [pɛt]

[ɪ]::

  pin [pɪn], milk [mɪlk]

[iː]::

  tree [triː], see [siː], me [miː], tea [tiː]

[ɪə]::

  ear [ɪə], dear [dɪə]

[ɜr]::

  girl [gɜrl], first [fɜrst], work [wɜrk]

[æ]::

  fat [fæt], happy [hæppɪ]

[eə]::

  where [weə], fair [feə]

List of IPA symbols for English

===============================

::

  θ ð ʃ ŋ ʧ ʒ ı ɡ ː ˌ ˈ ˑ ˏ ˊ ˋ

  æ ɑ ɒ ʌ ʊ ɒ ɛ ə ɜ ɔ ɪ є ɚ

You can copy/paste they in phonetic string.

TODO

====

::

            Front       Central     Back

         long  short long  short long  short

  Close   iː    ɪ                 uː    ʊ

  Mid           ɛ     ɜː    ə     ɔː

  Open          æ           ʌ     ɑː    ɒ

      Diphthong          Triphthong

  Closing    Centring

   /eɪ/       /ɪə/        /aɪə/

   /aɪ/       /eə/        /ɑʊə/

   /ɔɪ/       /ʊə/

   /əʊ/

   /aʊ/

Old vs. new transcription.

==========================

From "Better English pronunciation."::

  Old  iː i e ɔː u uː ei ou ai au ɔi æ ɔ ʌ əː ɑː iə ɛə uə ə

  New  iː ɪ e ɔː ʊ uː eɪ əʊ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ æ ɒ ʌ ɜː ɑː ɪə eə ʊə ə

Also from Wikipedia::

  Old  æ e əː ʌɪ ɑʊ ɛə

  New  a ɛ ɜː aɪ aʊ eə