www/HACKING.rst
author Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
Wed, 08 Jun 2016 17:00:02 +0300
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Fix some transcription.
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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======================
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 gadict HACKING guide
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======================
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.. contents::
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   :local:
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Versioning rules
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================
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We use **major.minor** schema.
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Until we reach 5000 words **major** is 0. **minor** updated from time to time.
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Getting sources
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===============
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Cloning repository::
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  $ hg clone http://hg.defun.work/gadict gadict
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  $ hg clone http://hg.code.sf.net/p/gadict/code gadict-hg
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Pushing changes::
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  $ hg push ssh://$USER@hg.defun.work/gadict
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  $ hg push ssh://$USER@hg.code.sf.net/p/gadict/code
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  $ hg push https://$USER:$PASS@hg.code.sf.net/p/gadict/code
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Browsing sources online
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=======================
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  http://hg.defun.work/gadict
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    hgweb at home page.
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  http://hg.code.sf.net/p/gadict/code
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    hgweb at old home page (but supported as mirror).
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  https://sourceforge.net/p/gadict/code/
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    Sourceforge Allure interface (not primary, a mirror).
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Dictionary file name convention
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===============================
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BNF form::
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  FILE ::= "gadict_" NAME ".gadict"
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``NAME`` may have form ``ISOCODE "-" ISOCODE``, like ``en-ru``, where
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``ISOCODE`` is ISO 639-1 language (2 letter) code
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``NAME`` may be a dictionary abbreviation name.
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During dictionaries compilation and releases ``".gadict"`` suffix changed to
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appropriated but base name should be preserved as ``"gadict_" NAME``.
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Dictionary source file format
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=============================
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gadict project uses dictd C5 source file format in the past. C5 format have
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several issues:
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 * C5 is not structural format. So producing another forms and conversion to
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   other formats is not possible.
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 * C5 have no markup for links neither for any other markups.
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Before that project used dictd TAB file format which require placing article in
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a single long line. That format is not for human editing at all.
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Other dictionary source file formats are considered as choice, like TEI, ISO,
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xdxf, MDF. XML like formats also are not for human editing. Also XML lack of
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syntax locality and full file should be scanned to validate local changes...
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Note that StarDict, AbbyLinguo, Babylon, dictd formats are not considered
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because they all about a presentation but not a structure. They are target
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formats for compilation.
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Fancy looking analog to MDF + C5 was developed.
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Beginning of file describe dictionary information.
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Each article separated by ``\n__\n\n`` and consists of two parts:
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 * word variations with pronunciation
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 * word translations, with supplementary information like part of speach,
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   synonyms, antonyms, example of usage
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*Word variation* are:
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* *singularity* or *number*: ``s`` - single, ``pl`` - plural.
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* *verb voice* or *verb tense*: ``v1`` - infinitive, ``v2`` - past tense,
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  ``v3`` past participle tense.
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* *gender*: ``male`` or ``female``
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* *comparison*: ``comp`` - comparative or ``super`` - superlative
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*Parts of speech* are:
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* ``n`` - noun
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* ``pron`` - pronoun
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* ``adj`` - adjective
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* ``v`` - verb
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* ``adv`` - adverb
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* ``prep`` - preposition
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* ``conj`` - conjunction
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* ``num`` - numeral
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* ``int`` - interjection
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Special markers with roles same as for parts of speech:
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* ``abbr`` - abbreviation
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* ``phr`` - phrase
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* ``phr.v`` - phrasal verb
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* ``prefix`` - word prefix
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Each meaning may refer to topics, like:
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* ``sci`` - about science
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* ``body`` - part of body
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* ``math`` - mathematics
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* ``chem`` - chemicals
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* ``bio`` - biology
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* ``music``
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* ``meal``, ``office``, etc
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* ``size``, ``shape``, ``age``, ``color``
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Synonyms marked by ``syn:``, antonyms marked by ``ant:``.
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Translation marked by lowercase ISO 639-1 code, like:
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* ``en:`` - English
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* ``ru:`` - Russian
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* ``uk:`` - Ukrainian
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* ``la:`` - Latin
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Pronunciation variants marked by ``Am`` - American, ``Br`` - Great Britain,
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``Au`` - Australia.
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C5 dictionary source file format
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================================
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For source file format used dictd C5 file format. See::
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  $ man 1 dictfmt
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Shortly:
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 * Headwords was preceded by 5 or more underscore characters ``_`` and a blank
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   line.
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 * Article may have several headwords, in that case they are placed in one line
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   and separated by ``;<SPACE>``.
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 * All text until the next headword is considered as the definition.
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 * Any leading ``@`` characters are stripped out, but the file is otherwise
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   unchanged.
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 * UTF-8 encoding is supported at least by Goldendict.
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gadict project used C5 format in the past but switched to own format.
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TODO convention
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===============
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Entries or parts of text that was not completed marked by keywords:
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  TODO
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    incomplete
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  XXX
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    urgent incomplete
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Makefile rules ``todo`` find this occurrence in sources::
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  $ make todo
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World wide dictionary formats and standards
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===========================================
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_writing_system
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                Dictionary writing system
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  http://www.sil.org/computing/shoebox/mdf.html
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                Multi-Dictionary Formatter (MDF). It defines about 100 data
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                field markers.
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  http://fieldworks.sil.org/flex/
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                FieldWorks Language Explorer (or FLEx, for short) is designed
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                to help field linguists perform many common language
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                documentation and analysis tasks.
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  http://code.google.com/p/lift-standard/
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                LIFT (Lexicon Interchange FormaT) is an XML format for storing
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                lexical information, as used in the creation of dictionaries.
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                It's not necessarily the format for your lexicon.
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  http://www.lexiquepro.com/
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                Lexique Pro is an interactive lexicon viewer and editor, with
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                hyperlinks between entries, category views, dictionary
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                reversal, search, and export tools. It's designed to display
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                your data in a user-friendly format so you can distribute it
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                to others.
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  http://deb.fi.muni.cz/index.php
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                DEBII — Dictionary Editor and Browser
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Register gadict dictionaries for dictd under Debian
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===================================================
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::
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  $ su
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  $ cat >>etc/dictd/dictd.order <<EOF
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  gadict-dictabbr
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  /home/user/usr/share/dictd/
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  $ dictdconfig --write
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  $ /etc/init.d/dictd restart
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  $ ^D
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  $ dictdconfig --list
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  $ dict -d gadict-dictabbr v
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Typing IPA chars in Emacs
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=========================
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For entering IPA chars use IPA input method. To enable it type::
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  C-u C-\ ipa <enter>
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All chars from alphabet typed as usual. To type special IPA chars use next key
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bindings (or read help in Emacs by ``M-x describe-input-method`` or ``C-h I``).
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For vowel::
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  æ  ae
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  ɑ  o| or A
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  ɒ  |o  or /A
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  ʊ  U
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  ɛ  /3 or E
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  ɔ  /c
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  ə  /e
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  ʌ  /v
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  ɪ  I
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For consonant::
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  θ  th
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  ð  dh
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  ʃ  sh
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  ʧ  tsh
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  ʒ  zh or 3
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  ŋ  ng
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  ɡ  g
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  ɹ  /r
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Special chars::
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  ː  : (semicolon)
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  ˈ  ' (quote)
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  ˌ  ` (back quote)
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247
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Alternatively use ``ipa-x-sampa`` or ``ipa-kirshenbaum`` input method (for help
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type: ``C-h I ipa-x-sampa RET`` or ``C-h I ipa-kirshenbaum RET``).
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