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1 .. -*- coding: utf-8 -*- |
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2 |
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3 ================ |
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4 IPA in gadict. |
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5 ================ |
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6 .. contents:: |
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7 :local: |
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8 |
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9 Pronunciation rules for English. |
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10 ================================ |
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11 |
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12 In English written symbol represent different sounds:: |
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13 |
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14 rough [XXX] |
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15 through [XXX] |
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16 bough [XXX] |
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17 though [XXX] |
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18 cough [XXX] |
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19 |
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20 Many linguists argue that English require spelling reform. |
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21 |
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22 Pronunciation keys for EN gadict. |
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23 ================================= |
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24 |
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25 ``gadict`` project try to follow OED 2ed (Oxford English Dictionary) |
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26 pronunciation for dialect known as RP (Received Pronunciation) and uses IPA for |
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27 representation of pronunciation like in Wikipedia project: |
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28 |
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29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English |
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30 Wikipedia IPA for English. |
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31 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English |
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32 This concise chart shows the most common applications of the |
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33 International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent English |
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34 language pronunciations. |
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35 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation |
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36 Wiki about RP. |
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37 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oed |
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38 Oxford English Dictionary. |
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39 |
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40 Compare: |
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41 |
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42 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects |
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43 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_conventions_for_English |
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44 |
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45 Consonants. |
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46 ----------- |
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47 |
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48 [b]:: |
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49 |
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50 bed [XXX], bird [XXX], baby [XXX] |
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51 |
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52 [p]:: |
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53 |
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54 pen [XXX], people [XXX] |
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55 |
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56 [d]:: |
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57 |
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58 dead [XXX], dust [XXX] |
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59 |
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60 [t]:: |
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61 |
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62 tree [XXX] |
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63 |
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64 [ʧ]:: |
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65 |
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66 XXX |
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67 |
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68 []:: |
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69 |
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70 |
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71 |
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72 [f]:: |
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73 |
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74 flow [XXX], fine [XXX] |
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75 |
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76 [g]:: |
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77 |
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78 glove [XXX], give [XXX] |
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79 |
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80 [j]:: |
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81 |
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82 job [XXX] |
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83 |
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84 [k]:: |
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85 |
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86 cat [kæt] |
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87 |
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88 [l]:: |
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89 |
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90 lamp [læmp] |
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91 |
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92 [m]:: |
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93 |
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94 milk [mɪlk] |
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95 |
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96 [n]:: |
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97 |
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98 note [nəʊt] |
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99 |
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100 [r]:: |
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101 |
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102 road [rəʊd] |
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103 |
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104 [s]:: |
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105 |
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106 sofa [səʊfə] |
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107 |
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108 [ð]:: |
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109 |
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110 both [bəʊð] |
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111 |
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112 [θ]:: |
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113 |
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114 think [θɪnk] |
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115 |
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116 [ʒ]:: |
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117 |
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118 pleasure [pleʒə] |
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119 |
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120 [dʒ]:: |
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121 |
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122 bridge [brɪdʒ] |
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123 |
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124 Vowels. |
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125 ------- |
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126 |
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127 [ʌ]:: |
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128 |
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129 son [sʌn], ɡun [ɡʌn] |
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130 |
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131 [ɑː]:: |
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132 |
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133 car [kɑː] |
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134 |
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135 [ɒ]:: |
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136 |
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137 lot [lɒt], hot [hɒt] |
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138 |
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139 [ɔː]:: |
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140 |
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141 fork [fɔːk], or [ɔː], fall [fɔːl] |
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142 |
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143 [ɔɪ]:: |
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144 |
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145 choice [ʧɔɪs], boy [bɔɪ] |
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146 |
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147 [əʊ]:: |
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148 |
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149 open [əʊpən], colon [kəʊlən] |
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150 |
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151 [ʊ]:: |
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152 |
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153 xxx |
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154 |
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155 [ɛ]:: |
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156 |
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157 pen [pɛn], text [tɛxt], pet [pɛt] |
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158 |
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159 [ɪ]:: |
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160 |
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161 pin [pɪn], milk [mɪlk] |
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162 |
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163 [iː]:: |
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164 |
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165 tree [triː], see [siː], me [miː], tea [tiː] |
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166 |
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167 [ɪə]:: |
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168 |
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169 ear [ɪə], dear [dɪə] |
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170 |
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171 [ɜr]:: |
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172 |
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173 girl [gɜrl], first [fɜrst], work [wɜrk] |
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174 |
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175 [æ]:: |
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176 |
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177 fat [fæt], happy [hæppɪ] |
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178 |
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179 [eə]:: |
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180 |
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181 where [weə], fair [feə] |
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182 |
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183 List of IPA chars for English transcription. |
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184 ============================================ |
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185 |
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186 |
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187 θ ð ʃ ŋ ʧ ʒ ı ɡ ː ˌ ˈ ˑ ˏ ˊ ˋ |
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188 æ ɑ ɒ ʌ ʊ ɒ ɛ ə ɜ ɔ ɪ є ɚ |
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189 |
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190 You can copy/paste they in phonetic string. |
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191 |
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192 TODO |
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193 ==== |
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194 :: |
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195 |
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196 Front Central Back |
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197 long short long short long short |
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198 Close iː ɪ uː ʊ |
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199 Mid ɛ ɜː ə ɔː |
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200 Open æ ʌ ɑː ɒ |
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201 |
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202 Diphthong Triphthong |
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203 Closing Centring |
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204 /eɪ/ /ɪə/ /aɪə/ |
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205 /aɪ/ /eə/ /ɑʊə/ |
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206 /ɔɪ/ /ʊə/ |
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207 /əʊ/ |
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208 /aʊ/ |
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209 |
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210 Old vs. new transcription. |
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211 ========================== |
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212 |
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213 From "Better English pronunciation.":: |
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214 |
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215 Old iː i e ɔː u uː ei ou ai au ɔi æ ɔ ʌ əː ɑː iə ɛə uə ə |
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216 New iː ɪ e ɔː ʊ uː eɪ əʊ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ æ ɒ ʌ ɜː ɑː ɪə eə ʊə ə |
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217 |
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218 Also from Wikipedia:: |
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219 |
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220 Old æ e əː ʌɪ ɑʊ ɛə |
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221 New a ɛ ɜː aɪ aʊ eə |
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222 |