www/IPA.rst
changeset 339 4d8d46bbe30d
parent 301 1439e072640a
child 445 7009c3bc9ea8
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/www/IPA.rst	Sun Mar 13 18:20:35 2016 +0200
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+.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+================
+ IPA in gadict.
+================
+.. contents::
+   :local:
+
+Pronunciation rules for English.
+================================
+
+In English written symbol represent different sounds::
+
+  rough [XXX]
+  through [XXX]
+  bough [XXX]
+  though [XXX]
+  cough [XXX]
+
+Many linguists argue that English require spelling reform.
+
+Pronunciation keys for EN gadict.
+=================================
+
+``gadict`` project try to follow OED 2ed (Oxford English Dictionary)
+pronunciation for dialect known as RP (Received Pronunciation) and uses IPA for
+representation of pronunciation like in Wikipedia project:
+
+  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English
+                Wikipedia IPA for English.
+  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English
+                This concise chart shows the most common applications of the
+                International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent English
+                language pronunciations.
+  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation
+                Wiki about RP.
+  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oed
+                Oxford English Dictionary.
+
+Compare:
+
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_conventions_for_English
+
+Consonants.
+-----------
+
+[b]::
+
+  bed [XXX], bird [XXX], baby [XXX]
+
+[p]::
+
+  pen [XXX], people [XXX]
+
+[d]::
+
+  dead [XXX], dust [XXX]
+
+[t]::
+
+  tree [XXX]
+
+[ʧ]::
+
+  XXX
+
+[]::
+
+
+
+[f]::
+
+  flow [XXX], fine [XXX]
+
+[g]::
+
+  glove [XXX], give [XXX]
+
+[j]::
+
+  job [XXX]
+
+[k]::
+
+  cat [kæt]
+
+[l]::
+
+  lamp [læmp]
+
+[m]::
+
+  milk [mɪlk]
+
+[n]::
+
+  note [nəʊt]
+
+[r]::
+
+  road [rəʊd]
+
+[s]::
+
+  sofa [səʊfə]
+
+[ð]::
+
+  both [bəʊð]
+
+[θ]::
+
+  think [θɪnk]
+
+[ʒ]::
+
+  pleasure [pleʒə]
+
+[dʒ]::
+
+  bridge [brɪdʒ]
+
+Vowels.
+-------
+
+[ʌ]::
+
+  son [sʌn], ɡun [ɡʌn]
+
+[ɑː]::
+
+  car [kɑː]
+
+[ɒ]::
+
+  lot [lɒt], hot [hɒt]
+
+[ɔː]::
+
+  fork [fɔːk], or [ɔː], fall [fɔːl]
+
+[ɔɪ]::
+
+  choice [ʧɔɪs], boy [bɔɪ]
+
+[əʊ]::
+
+  open [əʊpən], colon [kəʊlən]
+
+[ʊ]::
+
+  xxx
+
+[ɛ]::
+
+  pen [pɛn], text [tɛxt], pet [pɛt]
+
+[ɪ]::
+
+  pin [pɪn], milk [mɪlk]
+
+[iː]::
+
+  tree [triː], see [siː], me [miː], tea [tiː]
+
+[ɪə]::
+
+  ear [ɪə], dear [dɪə]
+
+[ɜr]::
+
+  girl [gɜrl], first [fɜrst], work [wɜrk]
+
+[æ]::
+
+  fat [fæt], happy [hæppɪ]
+
+[eə]::
+
+  where [weə], fair [feə]
+
+List of IPA chars for English transcription.
+============================================
+
+
+  θ ð ʃ ŋ ʧ ʒ ı ɡ ː ˌ ˈ ˑ ˏ ˊ ˋ
+  æ ɑ ɒ ʌ ʊ ɒ ɛ ə ɜ ɔ ɪ є ɚ
+
+You can copy/paste they in phonetic string.
+
+TODO
+====
+::
+
+            Front       Central     Back
+         long  short long  short long  short
+  Close   iː    ɪ                 uː    ʊ
+  Mid           ɛ     ɜː    ə     ɔː
+  Open          æ           ʌ     ɑː    ɒ
+
+      Diphthong          Triphthong
+  Closing    Centring
+   /eɪ/       /ɪə/        /aɪə/
+   /aɪ/       /eə/        /ɑʊə/
+   /ɔɪ/       /ʊə/
+   /əʊ/
+   /aʊ/
+
+Old vs. new transcription.
+==========================
+
+From "Better English pronunciation."::
+
+  Old  iː i e ɔː u uː ei ou ai au ɔi æ ɔ ʌ əː ɑː iə ɛə uə ə
+  New  iː ɪ e ɔː ʊ uː eɪ əʊ aɪ aʊ ɔɪ æ ɒ ʌ ɜː ɑː ɪə eə ʊə ə
+
+Also from Wikipedia::
+
+  Old  æ e əː ʌɪ ɑʊ ɛə
+  New  a ɛ ɜː aɪ aʊ eə
+