gadict: comparison gadict-voa-special-english-word-book.dict-c5

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-# -*- coding: utf-8; -*-
-ABOUT: VOA Special English Word Book.
-http://gadict.sourceforge.net
-Materials placed in Public Domain as all materials from VOA (Voice of
-America).
-You can look to VOA disclaimer at:
-http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/disclaim.cfm
-Use http://web.archive.org/ to find this page.
-This dictionary based on origins from:
-http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-a.cfm
-http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-b.cfm
-...
-http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-z.cfm
-on 2010-02-12 which you can find with http://web.archive.org/
-Older version of "Special English Word Book" have additional articles
-with words from different domain:
-Common Expressions
-Common Prefixes
-Words Used in VOA Special English Science Programs
-Organs of the Body
-I added this articles too (from version of 2004).
-Also this version have section "Parts of Speech", which you can see
-below:
-n. (noun) - a name word
-v. (verb) - an action word
-ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word
-prep. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation
-pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun
-conj. (conjunction) - a joining word
-Further info available at:
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_English
-By Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmai.com>
-_____
-a; an
-ad. one; any; each
-_____
-able
-v. having the power to do something
-_____
-about
-ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about
-the weather.")
-_____
-above
-ad. at a higher place
-_____
-abuse
-n. bad treatment causing harm or injury
-_____
-accept
-v. to agree to receive
-_____
-accident
-n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event
-_____
-accuse
-v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a
-statement against someone
-_____
-across
-ad. from side to side; to the other side
-_____
-act
-v. to do something
-_____
-activist
-n. one who seeks change through action
-_____
-actor
-n. someone acting in a play or show
-_____
-add
-v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more
-_____
-administration
-n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president
-or prime minister
-_____
-admit
-v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's
-guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.")
-_____
-adult
-n. a grown person
-_____
-advertise
-v. to show or present the qualities of a product to increase sales
-_____
-advise
-v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision
-_____
-affect
-v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected
-the singer's performance.")
-_____
-afraid
-ad. feeling fear
-_____
-after
-ad. later; behind
-_____
-again
-ad. another time; as before
-_____
-against
-ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something
-_____
-age
-n. how old a person or thing is
-_____
-agency
-n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the
-United Nations")
-_____
-aggression
-n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's
-borders
-_____
-ago
-ad. of time past; before now
-_____
-agree
-v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something
-_____
-agriculture
-n. farming
-_____
-aid
-v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance
-_____
-aim
-v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose
-_____
-air
-n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen,
-that we breathe
-_____
-air force
-n. a military organization using airplanes
-_____
-airplane
-n. a vehicle with wings that flies
-_____
-airport
-n. a place where airplanes take off and land
-_____
-album
-n. a collection of recorded music
-_____
-alcohol
-n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug
-or in industrial products
-_____
-alive
-ad. having life; not dead
-_____
-all
-ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount
-_____
-ally
-n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose
-_____
-almost
-ad. a little less than completely
-_____
-alone
-ad. separated from others
-_____
-along
-ad. near or on ("along the road")
-_____
-already
-ad. before now; even now
-_____
-also
-ad. added to; too
-_____
-although
-conj. even if it is true that
-_____
-always
-ad. at all times; every time
-_____
-ambassador
-n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another
-government)
-_____
-amend
-v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)
-_____
-ammunition
-n. the bullets or shells fired from guns
-_____
-among
-ad. in or part of (a group)
-_____
-amount
-n. the number, size or weight of anything
-_____
-anarchy
-n. a lack of order; lawlessness
-_____
-ancestor
-n. a family member from the past
-_____
-ancient
-ad. very old; long ago
-_____
-and
-conj. also; in addition to; with
-_____
-anger
-n. a strong emotion against someone or something
-_____
-animal
-n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat
-_____
-anniversary
-n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the
-past
-_____
-announce
-v. to make known publicly; to declare officially
-_____
-another
-ad. one more; a different one
-_____
-answer
-n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after
-being asked a question
-_____
-any
-ad. one or more of no special kind
-_____
-apologize
-v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts
-responsibility
-_____
-appeal
-v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call
-on somebody for help
-_____
-appear
-v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem
-_____
-appoint
-v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge")
-_____
-approve
-v. to agree with; to agree to support
-_____
-archeology
-n. the scientific study of past human life and activities
-_____
-area
-n. any place or part of it
-_____
-argue
-v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree
-_____
-arms
-n. military equipment; weapons
-_____
-army
-n. military ground forces
-_____
-around
-ad. on every side (of)
-_____
-arrest
-v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner
-_____
-arrive
-v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip
-_____
-art
-n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music,
-writing or statues
-_____
-artillery
-n. big guns
-_____
-as
-conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while
-_____
-ash
-n. the part left after something burns
-_____
-ask
-v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher
-questions every day.")
-_____
-assist
-v. to help
-_____
-astronaut
-n. a person who travels in space
-_____
-astronomy
-n. the scientific study of stars and the universe
-_____
-asylum
-n. political protection given by a government to a person from another
-country
-_____
-at
-prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon")
-_____
-atmosphere
-n. the gases surrounding any star or planet
-_____
-attach
-v. to tie together; to connect
-_____
-attack
-n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight
-_____
-attempt
-v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort
-_____
-attend
-v. to be present at
-_____
-attention
-n. close or careful observing of, or listening to, someone or
-something (“The student paid attention to his teacher.”)
-_____
-automobile
-n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car
-_____
-autumn
-n. the time of the year between summer and winter
-_____
-available
-ad. present and ready for use; willing to serve or help. (“There was a
-list of available candidates.”)
-_____
-average
-n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal
-_____
-avoid
-v. to stay away from
-_____
-awake
-ad. not sleeping
-_____
-award
-n. an honor or prize for an act or service
-_____
-away
-ad. not near
-_____
-baby
-n. a newly born creature
-_____
-back
-n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward
-_____
-bad
-ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good
-_____
-balance
-v. to make two sides or forces equal
-_____
-ball
-n. something round
-_____
-balloon
-n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas
-lighter than air
-_____
-ballot
-n. a piece of paper used for voting
-_____
-ban
-v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction
-_____
-bank
-n. an organization that keeps and lends money
-_____
-bar
-v. to prevent or block
-_____
-barrier
-n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult
-_____
-base
-n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was
-based on experiments.")
-_____
-battle
-n. a fight between opposing armed forces
-_____
-be
-v. to live; to happen; to exist
-_____
-beat
-v. to hit again and again
-_____
-beauty
-n. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit
-_____
-because
-prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.")
-_____
-become
-v. to come to be
-_____
-bed
-n. a sleeping place
-_____
-before
-prep. earlier
-_____
-begin
-v. to do the first part of an action; to start
-_____
-behavior
-n. the way in which a person or animal acts (“The child’s behavior was
-bad because he fought with other children.”)
-_____
-behind
-ad. at the back of; in back of
-_____
-believe
-v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust
-_____
-belong
-v. to be owned by; to be a member of
-_____
-below
-ad. lower than
-_____
-best
-ad. the most good
-_____
-betray
-v. to turn against; to be false to
-_____
-better
-ad. more good than
-_____
-between
-ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks
-between two nations")
-_____
-big
-ad. of great size; not small
-_____
-bill
-n. a legislative proposal
-_____
-biology
-n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms
-_____
-bird
-n. a creature that flies
-_____
-bite
-v. to cut with the teeth
-_____
-black
-ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky
-_____
-blame
-v. to accuse; to hold responsible
-_____
-bleed
-v. to lose blood
-_____
-blind
-ad. not able to see
-_____
-block
-v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement
-_____
-blood
-n. red fluid in the body
-_____
-blow
-v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.")
-_____
-blue
-ad. having the color like that of a clear sky
-_____
-boat
-n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods
-_____
-body
-n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal
-_____
-boil
-v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot
-_____
-bomb
-n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy
-with bombs
-_____
-bone
-n. the hard material in the body
-_____
-book
-n. a long written work for reading
-_____
-border
-n. a dividing line between nations
-_____
-born
-v. to come to life; to come into existence
-_____
-borrow
-v. to take as a loan
-_____
-both
-ad. not just one of two, but the two together
-_____
-bottle
-n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid
-_____
-bottom
-ad. the lowest part of something
-_____
-box
-n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or
-wood
-_____
-boy
-n. a young male person
-_____
-boycott
-v. to refuse to take part in or deal with
-_____
-brain
-n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all
-creatures
-_____
-brave
-ad. having no fear
-_____
-bread
-n. a food made from grain
-_____
-break
-v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy
-_____
-breathe
-v. to take air into the body and let it out again
-_____
-bridge
-n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and
-vehicles can cross from one side to the other
-_____
-brief
-ad. short; not long
-_____
-bright
-ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color
-_____
-bring
-v. to come with something
-_____
-broadcast
-v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a
-radio or television program
-_____
-brother
-n. a male with the same father or mother as another person
-_____
-brown
-ad. having the color like that of coffee
-_____
-budget
-n. a spending plan
-_____
-build
-v. to join materials together to make something
-_____
-building
-n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store
-or place of entertainment
-_____
-bullet
-n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun
-_____
-burn
-v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire
-_____
-burst
-v. to break open suddenly
-_____
-bury
-v. to put into the ground and cover with earth
-_____
-bus
-n. a public vehicle to carry people
-_____
-business
-n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade
-_____
-busy
-ad. doing something; very active
-_____
-but
-conj. however; other than; yet
-_____
-buy
-v. to get by paying something, usually money
-_____
-by
-conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William
-Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight")
-_____
-cabinet
-n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government
-_____
-call
-v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request
-("They called for an end to the fighting.")
-_____
-calm
-ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense
-_____
-camera
-n. a device for taking pictures
-_____
-camp
-n. a place with temporary housing
-_____
-campaign
-n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from
-voters; a connected series of military actions during a war
-_____
-can
-v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold
-liquid or food, usually made of metal
-_____
-cancel
-v. to end; to stop
-_____
-cancer
-n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts
-of the body
-_____
-candidate
-n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor
-_____
-capital
-n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's
-government is
-_____
-capture
-v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force;
-to get control of
-_____
-car
-n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part
-of a train
-_____
-care
-v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest
-_____
-career
-n. a chosen profession; a person’s working life (“The actor’s career
-lasted for thirty years.”)
-_____
-careful
-ad. acting safely; with much thought
-_____
-carry
-v. to take something or someone from one place to another
-_____
-case (court)
-n. a legal action
-_____
-case (medical)
-n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at
-the school.")
-_____
-cat
-n. a small animal that often lives with humans
-_____
-catch
-v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands
-_____
-cause
-v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result
-_____
-ceasefire
-n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement
-_____
-celebrate
-v. to honor a person or event with special activities
-_____
-center
-n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is
-the main point of an activity
-_____
-century
-n. one hundred years
-_____
-ceremony
-n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by
-tradition
-_____
-chairman
-n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group
-_____
-champion
-n. the best; the winner
-_____
-chance
-n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen
-_____
-change
-v. to make different; to become different
-_____
-charge
-v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in
-which someone is accused of something
-_____
-chase
-v. to run or go after someone or something
-_____
-cheat
-v. to get by a trick; to steal from
-_____
-cheer
-v. to shout approval or praise
-_____
-chemicals
-n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the
-science of chemistry
-_____
-chemistry
-n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they
-act under different conditions, and how they form other substances
-_____
-chief
-n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important
-_____
-child
-n. a baby; a boy or girl
-_____
-children
-n. more than one child
-_____
-choose
-v. to decide between two or more
-_____
-circle
-n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the
-center, like an "O"
-_____
-citizen
-n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law
-_____
-city
-n. any important large town
-_____
-civil rights
-n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all
-people of a nation
-_____
-civilian
-ad. not military
-_____
-claim
-v. to say something as a fact
-_____
-clash
-n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose
-_____
-class
-n. a group of students who meet to study the same subject; also, a
-social or economic group. ("They were members of the middle class.")
-_____
-clean
-v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean
-water")
-_____
-clear
-ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood
-_____
-clergy
-n. a body of officials within a religious organization
-_____
-climate
-n. the normal weather conditions of a place
-_____
-climb
-v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the
-hands
-_____
-clock
-n. a device that measures and shows time
-_____
-close
-v. to make something not open; ad. near to
-_____
-cloth
-n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other
-substances
-_____
-clothes
-n. what people wear
-_____
-cloud
-n. a mass of fog high in the sky
-_____
-coal
-n. a solid black substance used as fuel
-_____
-coalition
-n. forces, groups or nations joined together
-_____
-coast
-n. land on the edge of the ocean
-_____
-coffee
-n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
-_____
-cold
-ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature
-_____
-collapse
-v. to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down or fail suddenly in
-strength, health or power. (“The building collapsed in the
-earthquake.” “The government collapsed after a vote in parliament.”)
-_____
-collect
-v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive
-("collect taxes")
-_____
-college
-n. a small university
-_____
-colony
-n. land controlled by another country or government
-_____
-color
-n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown,
-black, yellow and others
-_____
-combine
-v. to mix or bring together
-_____
-come
-v. to move toward; to arrive
-_____
-command
-v. to order; to have power over something
-_____
-comment
-v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something
-_____
-committee
-n. a group of people given special work
-_____
-common
-ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose")
-_____
-communicate
-v. to tell; to give or exchange information
-_____
-community
-n. a group of people living together in one place or area
-_____
-company
-n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes
-_____
-compare
-v. to examine what is different or similar
-_____
-compete
-v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others
-_____
-complete
-ad. having all parts; ended or finished
-_____
-complex
-ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not
-simple
-_____
-compromise
-n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less
-than first demanded
-_____
-computer
-n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and
-for communicating with others
-_____
-concern
-n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be
-concerned")
-_____
-condemn
-v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad
-_____
-condition
-n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's
-health
-_____
-conference
-n. a meeting
-_____
-confirm
-v. to approve; to say that something is true
-_____
-conflict
-n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one
-_____
-congratulate
-v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck
-_____
-Congress
-n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United
-States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar
-organization in other countries
-_____
-connect
-v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link
-_____
-conservative
-n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change
-_____
-consider
-v. to give thought to; to think about carefully
-_____
-constitution
-n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of
-government
-_____
-contact
-n. the act of touching or being close to a person or thing (“He was in
-contact with animals that had the disease.”) v. to meet or communicate
-with (“He wanted to contact his local official.”)
-_____
-contain
-v. to hold; to include
-_____
-container
-n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something
-_____
-continent
-n. any of the seven great land areas of the world
-_____
-continue
-v. to go on doing or being
-_____
-control
-v. to direct; to have power over
-_____
-convention
-n. a large meeting for a special purpose
-_____
-cook
-v. to heat food before eating it
-_____
-cool
-ad. almost cold
-_____
-cooperate
-v. to act or work together
-_____
-copy
-v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look
-exactly like another
-_____
-corn
-n. a food grain
-_____
-correct
-ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right
-_____
-corruption
-n. actions taken to gain money or power that are legally or morally
-wrong
-_____
-cost
-n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five
-dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.")
-_____
-cotton
-n. a material made from a plant of the same name
-_____
-count
-v. to speak or add numbers
-_____
-country
-n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities
-_____
-court
-n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law
-_____
-cover
-v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put
-over a person or thing
-_____
-cow
-n. a farm animal used for its milk
-_____
-crash
-v. to fall violently; to hit with great force
-_____
-create
-v. to make; to give life or form to
-_____
-creature
-n. any living being; any animal or human
-_____
-credit
-n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time
-_____
-crew
-n. a group of people working together
-_____
-crime
-n. an act that violates a law
-_____
-criminal
-n. a person who is responsible for a crime
-_____
-crisis
-n. an extremely important time when something may become much better
-or worse; a dangerous situation
-_____
-criticize
-v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to
-judge
-_____
-crops
-n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits
-and vegetables
-_____
-cross
-v. to go from one side to another; to go across
-_____
-crowd
-n. a large number of people gathered in one place
-_____
-crush
-v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely
-_____
-cry
-v. to express or show sorrow or pain
-_____
-culture
-n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population
-_____
-cure
-v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the
-disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics
-are a cure for infection.")
-_____
-curfew
-n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their
-businesses
-_____
-current
-n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present
-time ("She found the report in a current publication.")
-_____
-custom
-n. a long-established belief or activity of a people
-_____
-customs
-n. taxes on imports
-_____
-cut
-v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce
-_____
-dam
-n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water
-_____
-damage
-v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to
-things
-_____
-dance
-v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually
-to music
-_____
-danger
-n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss
-_____
-dark
-ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.")
-_____
-date
-n. an expression of time; a day, month and year
-_____
-daughter
-n. a person's female child
-_____
-day
-n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight
-_____
-dead
-ad. not living
-_____
-deaf
-ad. not able to hear
-_____
-deal
-v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of
-pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.")
-_____
-debate
-v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or
-argument
-_____
-debt
-n. something that is owed; the condition of owing
-_____
-decide
-v. to choose; to settle; to judge
-_____
-declare
-v. to say; to make a statement
-_____
-decrease
-v. to make less in size or amount
-_____
-deep
-ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom
-_____
-defeat
-v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition
-of having lost
-_____
-defend
-v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect
-_____
-deficit
-n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or
-imports are greater than exports
-_____
-define
-v. to give the meaning of; to explain
-_____
-degree
-n. a measure of temperature
-_____
-delay
-v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to
-be late
-_____
-delegate
-n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another
-_____
-demand
-v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force
-_____
-democracy
-n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders
-or to make other important decisions
-_____
-demonstrate
-v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd
-demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using
-examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.")
-_____
-denounce
-v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely
-_____
-deny
-v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request
-_____
-depend
-v. to need help and support
-_____
-deplore
-v. to regret strongly; to express sadness
-_____
-deploy
-v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action
-_____
-depression
-n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic
-activity during which many people lose their jobs
-_____
-describe
-v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something
-_____
-desert
-n. a dry area of land
-_____
-design
-v. to plan or create plans for
-_____
-desire
-v. to want very much; to wish for
-_____
-destroy
-v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of
-_____
-detail
-n. a small part of something; a small piece of information
-_____
-detain
-v. to keep or hold (“The police detained several suspects for
-questioning.”)
-_____
-develop
-v. to grow; to create; to experience progress
-_____
-device
-n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose
-_____
-dictator
-n. a ruler with complete power
-_____
-die
-v. to become dead; to stop living; to end
-_____
-diet
-n. usual daily food and drink
-_____
-different
-ad. not the same
-_____
-difficult
-ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out
-_____
-dig
-v. to make a hole in the ground
-_____
-dinner
-n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its
-dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official
-dinner took place at the White House.")
-_____
-diplomat
-n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with
-another government
-_____
-direct
-v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater.");
-ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing
-("The path is direct.")
-_____
-direction
-n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came
-from or went to
-_____
-dirt
-n. earth or soil
-_____
-disappear
-v. to become unseen; to no longer exist
-_____
-disarm
-v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb
-harmless by removing its exploding device
-_____
-disaster
-n. an event causing widespread destruction or loss of life, such as an
-earthquake or plane crash
-_____
-discover
-v. to find or learn something
-_____
-discrimination
-n. unfair treatment or consideration based on opinions about a whole
-group instead of on the qualities of an individual. (“He was accused
-of discrimination against people from other countries.”)
-_____
-discuss
-v. to talk about; to exchange ideas
-_____
-disease
-n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or
-bacteria
-_____
-dismiss
-v. to send away; to refuse to consider
-_____
-dispute
-v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate
-_____
-dissident
-n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government
-_____
-distance
-n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance
-from my house to your house is two kilometers.")
-_____
-dive
-v. to jump into water head first
-_____
-divide
-v. to separate into two or more parts
-_____
-do
-v. to act; to make an effort
-_____
-doctor
-n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people
-_____
-document
-n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof
-or support of something
-_____
-dog
-n. a small animal that often lives with humans
-_____
-dollar
-n. United States money, one hundred cents
-_____
-donate
-v. to present something as a gift to an organization, country or
-cause. (“She donated money to the Red Cross to help survivors of the
-earthquake.”)
-_____
-door
-n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room
-_____
-double
-v. to increase two times as much in size, strength or number
-_____
-down
-ad. from higher to lower; in a low place
-_____
-dream
-v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture
-or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future
-_____
-drink
-v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth
-_____
-drive
-v. to control a moving vehicle
-_____
-drop
-v. to fall or let fall; to go lower
-_____
-drown
-v. to die under water
-_____
-drug
-n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical
-substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind
-_____
-dry
-ad. not wet; without rain
-_____
-during
-ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening)
-_____
-dust
-n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air
-_____
-duty
-n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right
-and just
-_____
-each
-ad. every one by itself
-_____
-early
-ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day;
-opposite late
-_____
-earn
-v. to be paid in return for work done
-_____
-earth
-n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil
-_____
-earthquake
-n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface
-_____
-ease
-v. to reduce; to make less difficult
-_____
-east
-n. the direction from which the sun rises
-_____
-easy
-ad. not difficult; not hard to do
-_____
-eat
-v. to take food into the body through the mouth
-_____
-ecology
-n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and
-material things
-_____
-economy
-n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized
-_____
-edge
-n. the line where something ends or begins
-_____
-education
-n. the act of teaching
-_____
-effect
-n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious
-effect on the economy.")
-_____
-effort
-n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something
-_____
-egg
-n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female
-birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal
-that can develop into a baby
-_____
-either
-ad. one of two, but not the other
-_____
-elect
-v. to choose by voting
-_____
-electricity
-n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and
-light, and power to machines
-_____
-embassy
-n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants
-_____
-embryo
-n. a human or animal in the earliest stages of its development
-_____
-emergency
-n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action
-_____
-emotion
-n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness
-_____
-employ
-v. to give work in return for wages
-_____
-empty
-ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything
-_____
-end
-v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last
-_____
-enemy
-n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the
-other side in a war
-_____
-energy
-n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and
-willingness to be active
-_____
-enforce
-v. to make something be done
-_____
-engine
-n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work
-_____
-engineer
-n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads
-_____
-enjoy
-v. to be pleased or satisfied by something
-_____
-enough
-ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed
-_____
-enter
-v. to come or go into
-_____
-environment
-n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life;
-the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals
-_____
-equal
-ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights
-_____
-equipment
-n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity
-_____
-escape
-v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of
-_____
-especially
-ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.")
-_____
-establish
-v. to bring into existence; to create
-_____
-estimate
-v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than
-complete information
-_____
-ethnic
-ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of
-their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived
-_____
-evaporate
-v. to change from a liquid into a gas
-_____
-even
-ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the
-building was destroyed.")
-_____
-event
-n. that which happens, especially something of importance
-_____
-ever
-ad. at any time
-_____
-every
-ad. each one; all
-_____
-evidence
-n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing
-_____
-evil
-ad. not good; extremely bad
-_____
-exact
-ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail
-_____
-examine
-v. to study closely
-_____
-example
-n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like
-_____
-excellent
-ad. extremely good
-_____
-except
-prep. but for
-_____
-exchange
-v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another
-_____
-excuse
-v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes
-false) for an action
-_____
-execute
-v. to kill
-_____
-exercise
-n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to
-stay in good health
-_____
-exile
-v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a
-person who is forced to leave his or her country
-_____
-exist
-v. to be; to live
-_____
-expand
-v. to make larger; to grow larger
-_____
-expect
-v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an
-event
-_____
-expel
-v. to force out; to remove from; to send away
-_____
-experience
-v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced
-great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The
-experience caused her great pain.")
-_____
-experiment
-v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true
-or false, or to discover something
-_____
-expert
-n. a person with special knowledge or training
-_____
-explain
-v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the
-meaning
-_____
-explode
-v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb
-_____
-explore
-v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it;
-to make a careful search; to examine closely
-_____
-export
-v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country,
-usually for sale
-_____
-express
-v. to say clearly
-_____
-extend
-v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time
-_____
-extra
-ad. more than normal, expected or necessary
-_____
-extraordinary
-ad. far greater or better than the usual or normal
-_____
-extreme
-ad. more than the usual or accepted
-_____
-extremist
-n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an
-extreme or violent way
-_____
-face
-n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to
-turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger
-_____
-fact
-n. something known or proved to be true
-_____
-factory
-n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made
-_____
-fail
-v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal
-_____
-fair
-ad. just; honest; what is right
-_____
-fall
-v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower
-position
-_____
-false
-ad. not true; not correct
-_____
-family
-n. the group that includes children and their parents
-_____
-famous
-ad. known very well to many people
-_____
-fan
-n. a person who actively supports a sport, activity or performer (“The
-baseball fan attended every game his team played.”)
-_____
-far
-ad. at, to or from a great distance
-_____
-farm
-n. land used to grow crops and animals for food
-_____
-fast
-ad. moving or working at great speed; quick
-_____
-fat
-n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and
-to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy
-_____
-father
-n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children
-_____
-favorite
-ad. liked more than others (“Ice cream was her favorite food.”)
-_____
-fear
-v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen
-("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger
-or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.")
-_____
-federal
-ad. of or having to do with a national or central government
-_____
-feed
-v. to give food to
-_____
-feel
-v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching
-_____
-female
-n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women
-_____
-fence
-n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or
-out
-_____
-fertile
-ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much
-_____
-few
-ad. not many; a small number of
-_____
-field
-n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise
-animals
-_____
-fierce
-ad. extremely strong; violent; angry
-_____
-fight
-v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy;
-n. the use of force; a battle
-_____
-fill
-v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for
-no more
-_____
-film
-v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion
-picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with
-a camera; a movie
-_____
-final
-ad. at the end; last
-_____
-financial
-ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit,
-investments and banks
-_____
-find
-v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to
-decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.")
-_____
-fine
-n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad.
-very good; very small or thin
-_____
-finish
-v. to complete; to end
-_____
-fire
-v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning
-_____
-fireworks
-n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday
-celebrations
-_____
-firm
-ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.")
-_____
-first
-ad. coming before all others
-_____
-fish
-n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water
-_____
-fit
-v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.")
-_____
-fix
-v. to make good or right again
-_____
-flag
-n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or
-organization
-_____
-flat
-ad. smooth; having no high places
-_____
-flee
-v. to run away from
-_____
-float
-v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water
-or through air
-_____
-flood
-v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake
-or ocean onto land
-_____
-floor
-n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the
-floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.")
-_____
-flow
-v. to move like a liquid
-_____
-flower
-n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds
-_____
-fluid
-n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid
-_____
-fly
-v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to
-travel in an airplane or flying vehicle
-_____
-fog
-n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close
-to the ground
-_____
-follow
-v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey
-_____
-food
-n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength
-and growth
-_____
-fool
-v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a
-person who is tricked easily
-_____
-foot
-n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the
-ground when a person or animal walks
-_____
-for
-prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me
-one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for
-one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be
-employed by ("She works for a computer company.")
-_____
-force
-v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using
-power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object;
-military power of a nation; a military group
-_____
-foreign
-ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or
-country
-_____
-forest
-n. a place of many trees
-_____
-forget
-v. to not remember
-_____
-forgive
-v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt
-_____
-form
-v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind
-("Swimming is a form of exercise.")
-_____
-former
-ad. earlier in time; not now
-_____
-forward
-ad. the direction in front of; toward the front
-_____
-free
-v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not
-in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost
-_____
-freedom
-n. the condition of being free
-_____
-freeze
-v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold
-_____
-fresh
-ad. newly made or gathered; recent
-_____
-friend
-n. a person one likes and trusts
-_____
-frighten
-v. to cause great fear
-_____
-from
-prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is
-a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The
-school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is
-suffering from cancer.")
-_____
-front
-n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first
-part
-_____
-fruit
-n. food from trees and plants
-_____
-fuel
-n. any substance burned to create heat or power
-_____
-full
-ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete
-_____
-fun
-n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness
-_____
-funeral
-n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the
-dead
-_____
-future
-n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the
-time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.")
-_____
-gain
-v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase
-_____
-game
-n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete,
-usually sports
-_____
-gas
-n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns
-to provide heat, light or power
-_____
-gather
-v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect
-_____
-general
-n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including
-all or almost all
-_____
-generation
-n. a group of individuals born and living at about the same time.
-("The mother and daughter represented two generations.")
-_____
-genocide
-n. a plan of action to kill or destroy a national, religious, racial
-or ethnic group
-_____
-gentle
-ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent
-_____
-get
-v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the
-owner of
-_____
-gift
-n. something given without cost
-_____
-girl
-n. a young female person
-_____
-give
-v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment
-_____
-glass
-n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for
-windows or for containers to hold liquids
-_____
-go
-v. to move from one place to another; to leave
-_____
-goal
-n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at;
-the end of a trip or race
-_____
-god
-n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe
-in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have
-special powers
-_____
-gold
-n. a highly valued yellow metal
-_____
-good
-ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad
-_____
-goods
-n. things owned or made to be sold
-_____
-govern
-v. to control; to rule by military or political power
-_____
-government
-n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a
-country, city or area
-_____
-grain
-n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and
-corn; those plants that produce the seeds
-_____
-grass
-n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves
-_____
-gray
-ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white
-_____
-great
-ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good;
-important
-_____
-green
-ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having
-the color like that of growing leaves and grass
-_____
-grind
-v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing
-_____
-ground
-n. land; the earth's surface; soil
-_____
-group
-n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people
-working for a common purpose
-_____
-grow
-v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount
-_____
-guarantee
-v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen
-_____
-guard
-v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the
-president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a
-prison guard.")
-_____
-guerrilla
-n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against
-an official army or police
-_____
-guide
-v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way
-_____
-guilty
-ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible
-for a bad action
-_____
-gun
-n. a weapon that shoots bullets
-_____
-hair
-n. the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the
-head
-_____
-half
-n. one of two equal parts of something
-_____
-halt
-v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop
-_____
-hang
-v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower
-part is not; to kill by hanging
-_____
-happen
-v. to become a fact or event; to take place
-_____
-happy
-ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad
-_____
-hard
-ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand;
-needing much effort or force
-_____
-harm
-v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt
-_____
-harvest
-v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered
-_____
-hat
-n. a head cover
-_____
-hate
-v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite
-love
-_____
-have
-v. to possess; to own; to hold
-_____
-he
-pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about
-_____
-head
-v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something;
-the highest position
-_____
-headquarters
-n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a
-business or organization
-_____
-heal
-v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well
-_____
-health
-n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being
-free from sickness or disease
-_____
-hear
-v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about
-_____
-heat
-v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by
-burning fuel; energy from the sun
-_____
-heavy
-ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force
-_____
-helicopter
-n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one
-place above the ground
-_____
-help
-v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid
-_____
-here
-ad. in, to or at this place
-_____
-hero
-n. a person honored for being brave or wise
-_____
-hide
-v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret
-_____
-high
-ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others
-_____
-hijack
-v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force
-_____
-hill
-n. a small mountain
-_____
-history
-n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the
-past
-_____
-hit
-v. to strike; to touch with force
-_____
-hold
-v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one
-position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to
-organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.")
-_____
-hole
-n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something
-_____
-holiday
-n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to
-honor or remember a person or event
-_____
-holy
-ad. greatly honored in religion
-_____
-home
-n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the
-place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one
-lives
-_____
-honest
-ad. truthful; able to be trusted
-_____
-honor
-v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's
-parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He
-received many honors for his efforts to help others.")
-_____
-hope
-v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will
-happen as wanted; to want something to happen
-_____
-horrible
-ad. causing great fear; terrible
-_____
-horse
-n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work
-_____
-hospital
-n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care
-_____
-hostage
-n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise
-will be honored
-_____
-hostile
-ad. ready to fight; ready for war
-_____
-hot
-ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature
-_____
-hotel
-n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers
-_____
-hour
-n. a measure of time; sixty minutes
-_____
-house
-n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or
-lawmaking group ("House of Representatives")
-_____
-how
-ad. in what way; to what amount
-_____
-however
-conj. yet; but
-_____
-huge
-ad. very big; of great size
-_____
-human
-ad. of or about people
-_____
-humor
-n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh
-_____
-hunger
-n. the need for food
-_____
-hunt
-v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to
-find
-_____
-hurry
-v. to do or go fast
-_____
-hurt
-v. to cause pain, injury or damage
-_____
-husband
-n. a man who is married
-_____
-I
-pro. the person speaking
-_____
-ice
-n. frozen water
-_____
-idea
-n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief
-_____
-identify
-v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are
-_____
-if
-conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.")
-_____
-ignore
-v. to pay no attention to or refuse to consider (“The president
-ignored the protesters outside his office.”)
-_____
-illegal
-ad. not legal; in violation of a law
-_____
-imagine
-v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea
-_____
-immediate
-ad. without delay; very near in time or place
-_____
-immigrant
-n. a person who arrives in a country to live there
-_____
-import
-v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another
-country, usually for sale
-_____
-important
-ad. having great meaning, value or power
-_____
-improve
-v. to make better; to become better
-_____
-in
-prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during
-_____
-incident
-n. an event or something that happens
-_____
-incite
-v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or
-violent
-_____
-include
-v. to have; to make a part of
-_____
-increase
-v. to make more in size or amount
-_____
-independent
-ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free;
-separate
-_____
-individual
-n. one person
-_____
-industry
-n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and
-related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved
-in manufacturing
-_____
-infect
-v. to make sick with something that causes disease
-_____
-inflation
-n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down
-_____
-influence
-v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change
-_____
-inform
-v. to tell; to give knowledge to
-_____
-information
-n. knowledge; facts
-_____
-inject
-v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the
-body through the skin
-_____
-injure
-v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal
-_____
-innocent
-ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action
-_____
-insane
-ad. mentally sick
-_____
-insect
-n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with
-wings
-_____
-inspect
-v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert
-_____
-instead
-ad. in the place of; taking the place of
-_____
-instrument
-n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something
-_____
-insult
-v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry
-or dishonored
-_____
-intelligence
-n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying
-_____
-intelligent
-ad. quick to understand or learn
-_____
-intense
-ad. very strong; extremely serious
-_____
-interest
-n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests."
-"She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a
-business; money paid for the use of money borrowed
-_____
-interfere
-v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the
-activities of others, especially when not asked to do so
-_____
-international
-ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole
-world
-_____
-Internet
-n. the extensive communications system that connects computers around
-the world
-_____
-intervene
-v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve
-_____
-invade
-v. to enter an area or country by force with an army
-_____
-invent
-v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing
-or way of doing something
-_____
-invest
-v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making
-more money
-_____
-investigate
-v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or
-charge; to search for the truth
-_____
-invite
-v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or
-gathering
-_____
-involve
-v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include
-_____
-iron
-n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools
-_____
-island
-n. a land area with water all around it
-_____
-issue
-n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or
-arguing about
-_____
-it
-pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The
-sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.")
-_____
-jail
-n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those
-serving sentences for crimes that are not serious
-_____
-jewel
-n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald
-_____
-job
-n. the work that one does to earn money
-_____
-join
-v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of
-_____
-joint
-ad. shared by two or more
-_____
-joke
-n. something done or said to cause others to laugh
-_____
-judge
-v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal
-one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court
-_____
-jump
-v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air
-_____
-jury
-n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial
-_____
-just
-ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after
-the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I
-came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")
-_____
-justice
-n. the quality of being right, fair or lawful
-_____
-keep
-v. to possess; to have for oneself
-_____
-kick
-v. to hit with the foot
-_____
-kidnap
-v. to seize and take away by force
-_____
-kill
-v. to make dead; to cause to die
-_____
-kind
-n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful
-_____
-kiss
-v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor
-_____
-knife
-n. a tool or weapon used to cut
-_____
-know
-v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to
-recognize someone because you have met and talked together before
-_____
-knowledge
-n. that which is known; learning or understanding
-_____
-labor
-n. work; workers as a group
-_____
-laboratory
-n. a room or place where experiments in science are done
-_____
-lack
-v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having
-_____
-lake
-n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land
-_____
-land
-v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports.");
-n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground
-_____
-language
-n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or
-group
-_____
-large
-ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite
-small
-_____
-last
-v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all
-others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.")
-_____
-late
-ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early
-_____
-laugh
-v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings
-_____
-launch
-v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space
-_____
-law
-n. all or any rules made by a government
-_____
-lead
-v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first
-_____
-leak
-v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole
-(usually a gas or liquid)
-_____
-learn
-v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts
-_____
-leave
-v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is
-_____
-left
-ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north;
-opposite right
-_____
-legal
-ad. of or in agreement with the law
-_____
-legislature
-n. a government lawmaking group
-_____
-lend
-v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of
-money
-_____
-less
-ad. smaller in amount; not as much
-_____
-let
-v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible
-_____
-letter
-n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to
-another person
-_____
-level
-n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the
-position of something or someone
-_____
-liberal
-ad. one who usually supports social progress or change
-_____
-lie
-v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something
-that one knows is not true
-_____
-life
-n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living
-things
-_____
-lift
-v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level
-_____
-light
-n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see;
-anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy
-_____
-lightning
-n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm
-_____
-like
-v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something;
-ad. in the same way as; similar to
-_____
-limit
-v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number
-permitted
-_____
-line
-n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things
-organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by
-military forces
-_____
-link
-v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation
-between two or more things, situations or events
-_____
-liquid
-n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like
-water
-_____
-list
-v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a
-written series of names or things
-_____
-listen
-v. to try to hear
-_____
-literature
-n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a
-country
-_____
-little
-ad. not tall or big; a small amount
-_____
-live
-v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive
-_____
-load
-v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is
-carried
-_____
-loan
-n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest
-payments; something borrowed
-_____
-local
-ad. about or having to do with one place
-_____
-lonely
-ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a
-lonely man")
-_____
-long
-ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for
-much time
-_____
-look
-v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to
-seem to be
-_____
-lose
-v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated
-_____
-loud
-ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise
-_____
-love
-v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes
-involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something;
-opposite hate
-_____
-low
-ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground
-_____
-loyal
-ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something
-_____
-luck
-n. something that happens by chance
-_____
-machine
-n. a device with moving parts used to do work
-_____
-magazine
-n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information
-_____
-mail
-n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system,
-such as a post office
-_____
-main
-ad. the most important or largest
-_____
-major
-ad. great in size, importance or amount
-_____
-majority
-n. the greater number; more than half
-_____
-make
-v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an
-action; to cause to be or to become
-_____
-male
-n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or
-about men
-_____
-man
-n. an adult male human
-_____
-manufacture
-v. to make goods in large amounts
-_____
-many
-ad. a large number or amount of
-_____
-map
-n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it
-_____
-march
-v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group
-to protest about something
-_____
-mark
-v. to make a sign or cut on something
-_____
-market
-n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic
-system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are
-and how much money people are willing to pay for them
-_____
-marry
-v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become
-husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony)
-_____
-mass
-n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large
-size
-_____
-mate
-v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature
-_____
-material
-n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or
-from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone;
-anything that can be made into something else
-_____
-mathematics
-n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by
-numbers and signs
-_____
-matter
-n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of
-_____
-may
-v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I
-go?" "They may leave tomorrow.")
-_____
-mayor
-n. the chief official of a city or town government
-_____
-meal
-n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner
-_____
-mean
-v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of
-_____
-measure
-v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action
-taken; a legislative proposal
-_____
-meat
-n. the part of a dead animal used for food
-_____
-media
-n. all public information organizations, including newspapers,
-television and radio
-_____
-medicine
-n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or
-study of treating and curing disease or improving health
-_____
-meet
-v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and
-place
-_____
-melt
-v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it
-_____
-member
-n. one of a group
-_____
-memorial
-n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event
-_____
-memory
-n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a
-thing remembered
-_____
-mental
-ad. about or having to do with the mind
-_____
-message
-n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to
-another person or group
-_____
-metal
-n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold
-_____
-method
-n. the way something is done
-_____
-microscope
-n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be
-studied
-_____
-middle
-n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or
-ends; ad. in the center
-_____
-militant
-n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the
-use of force or violence
-_____
-military
-n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed
-forces
-_____
-militia
-n. an army of citizens instead of professional soldiers; an armed
-force or private army
-_____
-milk
-n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young
-_____
-mind
-n. the thinking, feeling part of a person
-_____
-mine
-v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place
-in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the
-ground or under water so it cannot be seen
-_____
-mineral
-n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such
-as coal or salt
-_____
-minister
-n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime
-minister,"foreign minister")
-_____
-minor
-ad. small in size; of little importance
-_____
-minority
-n. the smaller number; opposite majority
-_____
-minute
-n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty
-seconds
-_____
-miss
-v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet
-_____
-missile
-n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes
-when it reaches its target
-_____
-missing
-ad. lost; not found
-_____
-mistake
-n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge
-that it was wrong
-_____
-mix
-v. to put different things together to make one thing
-_____
-mob
-n. a large group of wild or angry people
-_____
-model
-n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something
-will look or work
-_____
-moderate
-ad. not extreme
-_____
-modern
-ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved
-_____
-money
-n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things
-_____
-month
-n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided
-_____
-moon
-n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth
-about every twenty-nine days
-_____
-moral
-ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions
-_____
-more
-ad. greater in size or amount
-_____
-morning
-n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon
-_____
-most
-ad. greatest in size or amount
-_____
-mother
-n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children
-_____
-motion
-n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place
-_____
-mountain
-n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around
-it
-_____
-mourn
-v. to express or feel sadness
-_____
-move
-v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go
-_____
-movement
-n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts
-to reach a goal
-_____
-movie
-n. a motion picture; a film
-_____
-much
-ad. great in amount
-_____
-murder
-v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another
-person
-_____
-music
-n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument
-_____
-must
-v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to
-school.")
-_____
-mystery
-n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a
-secret
-_____
-name
-v. to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word by which a
-person, animal or thing is known or called
-_____
-narrow
-ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from
-one side to the other
-_____
-nation
-n. a country, together with its social and political systems
-_____
-native
-n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there
-_____
-natural
-ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind
-_____
-nature
-n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by
-humans; events or processes not caused by humans
-_____
-navy
-n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea
-_____
-near
-ad. not far; close to
-_____
-necessary
-ad. needed to get a result or effect; required
-_____
-need
-v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do
-_____
-negotiate
-v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution
-_____
-neighbor
-n. a person or country that is next to or near another
-_____
-neither
-ad. not one or the other of two
-_____
-neutral
-ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute
-_____
-never
-ad. at no time; not ever
-_____
-new
-ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built,
-bought or grown; another; different
-_____
-news
-n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the
-media
-_____
-next
-ad. coming immediately after; nearest
-_____
-nice
-ad. pleasing; good; kind
-_____
-night
-n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when
-there is little or no light
-_____
-no
-ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all
-_____
-noise
-n. sound, especially when loud
-_____
-nominate
-v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person
-for an office or position
-_____
-noon
-n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime
-_____
-normal
-n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected
-_____
-north
-n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun
-_____
-not
-ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not
-going.")
-_____
-note
-v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written
-to help a person remember; a short letter
-_____
-nothing
-n. not anything; no thing
-_____
-now
-ad. at this time; immediately
-_____
-nowhere
-ad. not in, to or at any place
-_____
-nuclear
-ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing
-them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from
-atoms
-_____
-number
-n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things
-_____
-obey
-v. to act as one is ordered to act
-_____
-object
-v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something
-not alive that can be seen or touched
-_____
-observe
-v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something
-("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")
-_____
-occupy
-v. to take and hold or to control by force
-_____
-ocean
-n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of
-the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water
-_____
-of
-prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among
-_____
-off
-ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer
-operating or continuing; not on; not connected
-_____
-offensive
-n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking
-_____
-offer
-v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that
-which is presented or proposed
-_____
-office
-n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public
-position to which one is elected or appointed
-_____
-officer
-n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a
-member of a police force
-_____
-official
-n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an
-organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the
-government or someone in power
-_____
-often
-ad. many times
-_____
-oil
-n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily;
-a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel
-_____
-old
-ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years
-_____
-on
-prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book
-is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The
-report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on
-Wednesday.")
-_____
-once
-ad. one time only
-_____
-only
-ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two
-dollars.")
-_____
-open
-v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret
-_____
-operate
-v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons
-_____
-opinion
-n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking
-_____
-oppose
-v. to be against; to fight against
-_____
-opposite
-ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the
-other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.")
-_____
-oppress
-v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel
-force or power
-_____
-or
-conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several
-choices
-_____
-orbit
-v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or
-way an object travels in space around another object or planet
-_____
-order
-v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the
-correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in
-which people obey laws
-_____
-organize
-v. to put in order; to put together into a system
-_____
-other
-ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or
-more ">("That man is short; the other is tall.")
-_____
-our
-ad. of or belonging to us
-_____
-oust
-v. to force to leave; to remove by force
-_____
-out
-ad. away from the inside; opposite of in
-_____
-over
-conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the
-world")
-_____
-overthrow
-v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force
-_____
-owe
-v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something
-received
-_____
-own
-v. to have or possess for oneself
-_____
-pain
-n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body
-_____
-paint
-v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors;
-n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface
-_____
-paper
-n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for
-writing
-_____
-parachute
-n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an
-airplane or helicopter to the ground
-_____
-parade
-n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a
-special event or anniversary
-_____
-pardon
-v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment
-_____
-parent
-n. a father or mother
-_____
-parliament
-n. a government lawmaking group
-_____
-part
-n. something less than the whole; not all of something
-_____
-partner
-n. a person who takes part in some activity in common with another or
-others. (“The two men were business partners.”)
-_____
-party
-n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group
-of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment
-_____
-pass
-v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or
-permit to go
-_____
-passenger
-n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the
-pilot or driver
-_____
-passport
-n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country
-_____
-past
-n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before;
-former
-_____
-path
-n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves
-_____
-patient
-n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
-_____
-pay
-v. to give money for work done or for something bought
-_____
-peace
-n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet
-_____
-people
-n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or
-nation ("the American people")
-_____
-percent
-n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.")
-_____
-perfect
-ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good;
-without mistakes
-_____
-perform
-v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others
-_____
-period
-n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions
-_____
-permanent
-ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time
-_____
-permit
-v. to let; to make possible
-_____
-person
-n. a man, woman or child
-_____
-persuade
-v. to cause someone to do something by explaining or urging. (“The
-police persuaded the criminal to surrender his weapon.”)
-_____
-physical
-ad. of the body
-_____
-physics
-n. the study of motion, matter and energy
-_____
-picture
-n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or
-representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is
-made with a camera
-_____
-piece
-n. a part of something larger
-_____
-pig
-n. a farm animal used for its meat
-_____
-pilot
-n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
-_____
-pipe
-n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas
-_____
-place
-v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space
-where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country
-_____
-plan
-v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing
-something ">("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or
-developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.")
-_____
-planet
-n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")
-_____
-plant
-v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground
-which gets its food from air, water and earth
-_____
-plastic
-n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into
-things
-_____
-play
-v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on
-an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater
-_____
-please
-v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment
-_____
-plenty
-n. all that is needed; a large enough amount
-_____
-plot
-v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or
-illegal
-_____
-poem
-n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express
-emotions
-_____
-point
-v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something
-_____
-poison
-n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health
-_____
-police
-n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping
-order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency
-_____
-policy
-n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make
-decisions in politics, economics or business
-_____
-politics
-n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office
-_____
-pollute
-v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or
-water
-_____
-poor
-n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad
-quality
-_____
-popular
-ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public
-_____
-population
-n. all the people in a place, city or country
-_____
-port
-n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where
-ships can be safe from a storm
-_____
-position
-n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or
-placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization
-_____
-possess
-v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by
-_____
-possible
-ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen
-_____
-postpone
-v. to delay action until a later time
-_____
-pour
-v. to flow; to cause to flow
-_____
-poverty
-n. the condition of being poor
-_____
-power
-n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling
-force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the
-wheel.")
-_____
-praise
-v. to say good things about; to approve
-_____
-pray
-v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit
-_____
-predict
-v. to say what one believes will happen in the future. (“The weather
-scientist predicted a cold winter.”)
-_____
-pregnant
-ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to
-give birth to a baby
-_____
-present
-v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the
-committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their
-anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at
-a place ("I was present at school yesterday.")
-_____
-president
-n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of
-an organization
-_____
-press
-v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications
-_____
-pressure
-n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against
-something else
-_____
-prevent
-v. to keep or stop from going or happening
-_____
-price
-n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered
-for sale
-_____
-prison
-n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime
-_____
-private
-ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public
-_____
-prize
-n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that
-one must work hard for to get
-_____
-probably
-ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible
-_____
-problem
-n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer
-_____
-process
-n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result
-_____
-produce
-v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture
-_____
-profession
-n. a job that requires special training
-_____
-professor
-n. a teacher at a college or university
-_____
-profit
-n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of
-that activity
-_____
-program
-n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or
-show
-_____
-progress
-n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal
-_____
-project
-n. a planned effort to do something
-_____
-promise
-v. to say one will do something; n. a spoken or written agreement to
-do something
-_____
-propaganda
-n. ideas or information used to influence opinions
-_____
-property
-n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods
-_____
-propose
-v. to present or offer for consideration
-_____
-protect
-v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged
-_____
-protest
-v. to speak against; to object
-_____
-prove
-v. to show to be true
-_____
-provide
-v. to give something needed or wanted
-_____
-public
-ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite
-private
-_____
-publication
-n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine
-_____
-publish
-v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a
-book, newspaper or magazine
-_____
-pull
-v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the
-force; opposite push
-_____
-pump
-v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through
-_____
-punish
-v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal
-_____
-purchase
-v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which
-is bought
-_____
-pure
-ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean
-_____
-purpose
-n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal
-_____
-push
-v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using
-the force; opposite pull
-_____
-put
-v. to place; to set in position
-_____
-quality
-n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality
-of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their
-goods are of the highest quality.")
-_____
-question
-v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used
-in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed
-_____
-quick
-ad. fast
-_____
-quiet
-ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm
-_____
-race
-v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can
-move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one
-of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a
-common physical similarity, such as skin color
-_____
-radar
-n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of
-objects that may be too far away to be seen
-_____
-radiation
-n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy
-from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous
-_____
-radio
-n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the
-air without wires
-_____
-raid
-v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act
-of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something
-_____
-railroad
-n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its
-stations and equipment
-_____
-rain
-n. water falling from the sky
-_____
-raise
-v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to
-increase
-_____
-rape
-v. to carry out a sexual attack by force against a person
-_____
-rare
-ad. not common; not usual; not often
-_____
-rate
-n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the
-price of any thing or service that is bought or sold
-_____
-reach
-v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to
-_____
-react
-v. to act as a result of or in answer to
-_____
-read
-v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers
-_____
-ready
-ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing
-_____
-real
-ad. true; truly existing; not false
-_____
-realistic
-ad. in agreement with the way things are
-_____
-reason
-n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains
-_____
-reasonable
-ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing
-to compromise
-_____
-rebel
-v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse
-to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or
-her country
-_____
-receive
-v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent
-_____
-recent
-ad. a short time ago
-_____
-recession
-n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce
-less and many workers lose their jobs
-_____
-recognize
-v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known
-about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and
-establish diplomatic ties with its government
-_____
-record
-v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound
-or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a
-writing that shows proof or facts about something
-_____
-recover
-v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The
-police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or
-normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.")
-_____
-red
-ad. having the color like that of blood
-_____
-reduce
-v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut
-_____
-reform
-v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better
-condition
-_____
-refugee
-n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment,
-danger or war
-_____
-refuse
-v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something
-_____
-register
-v. to have one’s name officially placed on a list of people permitted
-to vote in an election or take part in an educational program
-_____
-regret
-n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that
-happens
-_____
-reject
-v. to refuse to accept, use or believe
-_____
-relations
-n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family;
-people connected by marriage or family ties
-_____
-release
-v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public
-_____
-religion
-n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods
-_____
-remain
-v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same
-_____
-remains
-n. a dead body
-_____
-remember
-v. to think about the past; opposite forget
-_____
-remove
-v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a
-position or office
-_____
-repair
-n. work done to fix something
-_____
-repeat
-v. to say or do again
-_____
-report
-v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n.
-the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a
-statement in which the facts may not be confirmed
-_____
-represent
-v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as
-an example
-_____
-repress
-v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force
-_____
-request
-v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for
-_____
-require
-v. to need or demand as necessary
-_____
-rescue
-v. to free from danger or evil
-_____
-research
-n. a careful study to discover correct information
-_____
-resign
-v. to leave a position, job or office
-_____
-resist
-v. to oppose; to fight to prevent
-_____
-resolution
-n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually
-reached by voting
-_____
-resource
-n. anything of value that can be used or sold
-_____
-respect
-v. to feel or show honor to a person or thing (“All citizens should
-respect the law.”)
-_____
-responsible
-ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the
-report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the
-accident.")
-_____
-rest
-v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which
-remains; the others
-_____
-restaurant
-n. a place where people can buy and eat meals
-_____
-restrain
-v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group
-_____
-restrict
-v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger
-_____
-result
-v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a
-cause; effect
-_____
-retire
-v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health
-_____
-return
-v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back
-_____
-revolt
-v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of
-government
-_____
-rice
-n. a food grain
-_____
-rich
-ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something
-_____
-ride
-v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled
-vehicle, airplane or boat
-_____
-right
-n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It
-is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct;
-opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing
-north; opposite left
-_____
-riot
-v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a
-violent action by a large group of people
-_____
-rise
-v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of
-sitting or lying to a position of standing
-_____
-risk
-n. the chance of loss, damage or injury
-_____
-river
-n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river,
-a lake or an ocean
-_____
-road
-n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can
-walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other
-_____
-rob
-v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal
-_____
-rock
-n. a hard piece of mineral matter
-_____
-rocket
-n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by
-burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom,
-sometimes used as a weapon
-_____
-roll
-v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball
-_____
-room
-n. a separate area within a building with its own walls
-_____
-root
-n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients
-from the soil
-_____
-rope
-n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of
-material, used for tying
-_____
-rough
-ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made
-well
-_____
-round
-ad. having the shape of a ball or circle
-_____
-rub
-v. to move something over the surface of another thing
-_____
-rubber
-n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a
-similar substance made from chemicals
-_____
-ruin
-v. to damage severely; to destroy
-_____
-rule
-v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that
-says how something must be done
-_____
-run
-v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking
-_____
-rural
-ad. describing areas away from cities which may include farms, small
-towns and unpopulated areas
-_____
-sabotage
-v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation
-("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.")
-_____
-sacrifice
-v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea,
-goal or another person
-_____
-sad
-ad. not happy
-_____
-safe
-ad. away from harm or danger
-_____
-sail
-v. to travel by boat or ship
-_____
-sailor
-n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship
-_____
-salt
-n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to
-affect the taste of food
-_____
-same
-ad. not different; not changed; like another or others
-_____
-sand
-n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in
-deserts and on coasts
-_____
-satellite
-n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an
-object placed in orbit around the earth
-_____
-satisfy
-v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded
-_____
-save
-v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use
-_____
-say
-v. to speak; to express in words
-_____
-school
-n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn
-_____
-science
-n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the
-knowledge gained about them
-_____
-sea
-n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean
-_____
-search
-v. to look for carefully
-_____
-season
-n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's
-position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of
-time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy
-season"); a period during the year when something usually happens
-("baseball season")
-_____
-seat
-n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a
-seat in parliament")
-_____
-second
-ad. the one that comes after the first
-_____
-secret
-n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad.
-hidden from others; known only to a few
-_____
-security
-n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to
-protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")
-_____
-see
-v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know
-_____
-seed
-n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow
-_____
-seek(ing)
-v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to
-get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do
-("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")
-_____
-seem
-v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")
-_____
-seize
-v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest
-_____
-self
-n. all that which makes one person different from others
-_____
-sell
-v. to give something in exchange for money
-_____
-Senate
-n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries,
-such as in the United States Congress
-_____
-send
-v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or
-directed to or away from a place
-_____
-sense
-v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n.
-any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel
-_____
-sentence
-v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a
-crime
-_____
-separate
-v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent
-from others; ad. not together or connected; different
-_____
-series
-n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another
-in time, position or order
-_____
-serious
-ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous
-_____
-serve
-v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist
-or help
-_____
-service
-n. an organization or system that provides something for the public
-("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an
-organization or business can do for money; military organizations such
-as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony
-_____
-set
-v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit
-_____
-settle
-v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a
-new place
-_____
-several
-ad. three or more, but not many
-_____
-severe
-ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage
-_____
-sex
-n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals
-are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical
-activity by which humans and animals can produce young
-_____
-shake
-v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements
-_____
-shape
-v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks
-_____
-share
-v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging
-to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the
-equal parts of ownership of a business or company
-_____
-sharp
-ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing
-hurt or pain
-_____
-she
-pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about
-_____
-sheep
-n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair
-_____
-shell
-v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large
-gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover
-_____
-shelter
-v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives
-protection; a place of safety
-_____
-shine
-v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to
-make bright
-_____
-ship
-v. to transport; n. a large boat
-_____
-shock
-v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly
-affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake
-_____
-shoe
-n. a covering for the foot
-_____
-shoot
-v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to
-kill; to use a gun
-_____
-short
-ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall
-_____
-should
-v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We
-should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that
-something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be
-punished.")
-_____
-shout
-v. to speak very loudly
-_____
-show
-v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story
-presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for
-enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public
-_____
-shrink
-v. to make or become less in size, weight or value
-_____
-sick
-ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem;
-not in good health
-_____
-sickness
-n. the condition of being in bad health
-_____
-side
-n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom;
-parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body
-_____
-sign
-v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something;
-evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of
-material with writing that gives information
-_____
-signal
-v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a
-message
-_____
-silence
-v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of
-noise or sound
-_____
-silver
-n. a valued white metal
-_____
-similar
-ad. like something else but not exactly the same
-_____
-simple
-ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex
-_____
-since
-prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we
-went to school together.")
-_____
-sing
-v. to make music sounds with the voice
-_____
-single
-ad. one only
-_____
-sink
-v. to go down into water or other liquid
-_____
-sister
-n. a female with the same father or mother as another person
-_____
-sit
-v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the
-legs; to become seated
-_____
-situation
-n. the way things are during a period of time
-_____
-size
-n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something
-is
-_____
-skeleton
-n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal
-positions
-_____
-skill
-n. the ability gained from training or experience
-_____
-skin
-n. the outer covering of humans and most animals
-_____
-sky
-n. the space above the earth
-_____
-slave
-n. a person owned or controlled by another
-_____
-sleep
-v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed
-_____
-slide
-v. to move smoothly over a surface
-_____
-slow
-v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other
-activities
-_____
-small
-ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite
-large
-_____
-smash
-v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move
-with >force
-_____
-smell
-v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the
-smell of food cooking")
-_____
-smoke
-v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and
-breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air
-like a cloud from something burning
-_____
-smooth
-ad. having a level surface; opposite rough
-_____
-snow
-n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually
-in winter or when the air temperature is very cold
-_____
-so
-ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it.");
-also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick.");
-as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in
-order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the
-plans.")
-_____
-social
-ad. of or about people or a group
-_____
-soft
-ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud
-_____
-soil
-n. earth in which plants grow
-_____
-soldier
-n. a person in the army
-_____
-solid
-ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in
-the form of a liquid or gas
-_____
-solve
-v. to find an answer; to settle
-_____
-some
-ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all
-_____
-son
-n. a person's male child
-_____
-soon
-ad. not long after the present time; quickly
-_____
-sort
-n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in
-some way; a kind of something
-_____
-sound
-n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in
-hearing; that which is heard
-_____
-south
-n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun
-_____
-space
-n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon,
-planets and stars are; the area between or inside things
-_____
-speak
-v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to
-others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group
-_____
-special
-ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or
-more important than others of the same kind
-_____
-speech
-n. a talk given to a group of people
-_____
-speed
-v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something
-moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done
-_____
-spend
-v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.")
-_____
-spill
-v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident
-_____
-spirit
-n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to
-thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain
-alive after death
-_____
-split
-v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts
-_____
-sport
-n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or
-skill
-_____
-spread
-v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known
-_____
-spring
-n. the time of the year between winter and summer
-_____
-spy
-v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others
-secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information
-about another country
-_____
-square
-n. a flat shape having four equal sides
-_____
-stab
-v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon
-_____
-stand
-v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a
-surface; to be in one position or place
-_____
-star
-n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at
-night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or
-singer
-_____
-start
-v. to begin; to make something begin
-_____
-starve
-v. to suffer or die from a lack of food
-_____
-state
-v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation
-_____
-station
-n. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place
-where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or
-television broadcasts
-_____
-statue
-n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone,
-wood or metal
-_____
-stay
-v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live
-for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.")
-_____
-steal
-v. to take without permission or paying
-_____
-steam
-n. the gas that comes from hot water
-_____
-steel
-n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances
-_____
-step
-v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n.
-the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a
-goal
-_____
-stick
-v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will
-hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement
-is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece
-of wood
-_____
-still
-ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a
-stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was
-difficult, but she still wanted to do it.")
-_____
-stone
-n. a small piece of rock
-_____
-stop
-v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end
-_____
-store
-v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy
-things
-_____
-storm
-n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow
-_____
-story
-n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined
-_____
-stove
-n. a heating device used for cooking
-_____
-straight
-ad. continuing in one direction without turns
-_____
-strange
-ad. unusual; not normal; not known
-_____
-street
-n. a road in a city, town or village
-_____
-stretch
-v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider
-_____
-strike
-v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions,
-more pay or to make other demands
-_____
-strong
-ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed
-_____
-structure
-n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is
-formed or organized in a special way; a building
-_____
-struggle
-v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight
-_____
-study
-v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine
-carefully
-_____
-stupid
-ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent
-_____
-subject
-n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about
-_____
-submarine
-n. an underwater ship
-_____
-substance
-n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)
-_____
-substitute
-v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used
-in place of another
-_____
-subversion
-n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government,
-usually secretly
-_____
-succeed
-v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result
-_____
-such
-ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to
-_____
-sudden
-ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or
-without preparation
-_____
-suffer
-v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or
-sadness
-_____
-sugar
-n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants
-_____
-suggest
-v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider
-_____
-suicide
-n. the act of killing oneself
-_____
-summer
-n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn
-_____
-sun
-n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth
-_____
-supervise
-v. to direct and observe the work of others
-_____
-supply
-v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given
-or sold to others
-_____
-support
-v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with
-others and help them reach a goal; to approve
-_____
-suppose
-v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to
-expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.")
-_____
-suppress
-v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from
-being known publicly
-_____
-sure
-ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question
-_____
-surface
-n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the
-surface of the moon.")
-_____
-surplus
-n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a
-trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.")
-_____
-surprise
-v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n.
-something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected
-_____
-surrender
-v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others;
-to stop fighting and admit defeat
-_____
-surround
-v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or
-something
-_____
-survive
-v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation
-_____
-suspect
-v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or
-illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty
-_____
-suspend
-v. to cause to stop for a period of time
-_____
-swallow
-v. to take into the stomach through the mouth
-_____
-swear in
-v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to
-carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in
-the president.")
-_____
-sweet
-ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar
-_____
-swim
-v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs
-_____
-sympathy
-n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually
-feelings of sadness
-_____
-system
-n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a
-plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a
-common purpose or goal
-_____
-take
-v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move
-it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to
-begin to be in control ("The president takes office tomorrow.")
-_____
-talk
-v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion
-_____
-tall
-ad. higher than others; opposite short
-_____
-tank
-n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle
-with guns
-_____
-target
-n. any person or object aimed at or fired at
-_____
-taste
-v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.")
-_____
-tax
-n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the
-government can provide services
-_____
-tea
-n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
-_____
-teach
-v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to
-understand
-_____
-team
-n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports
-_____
-tear
-v. to pull apart, often by force
-_____
-technical
-ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry,
-transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of
-subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this
-system works.")
-_____
-technology
-n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and
-services
-_____
-telephone
-n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over
-distances
-_____
-telescope
-n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and
-larger
-_____
-television
-n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into
-pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by
-electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on
-a receiver
-_____
-tell
-v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to
-command
-_____
-temperature
-n. the measurement of heat and cold
-_____
-temporary
-ad. lasting only a short time
-_____
-tense
-ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm
-_____
-term
-n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries
-out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the
-conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved
-in it
-_____
-terrible
-ad. very bad; causing terror or fear
-_____
-territory
-n. a large area of land
-_____
-terror
-n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear
-_____
-terrorist
-n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a
-way to influence a government
-_____
-test
-v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will
-act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine
-soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how
-it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes
-place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a
-person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.")
-_____
-than
-conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are
-not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.")
-_____
-thank
-v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that
-person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.")
-_____
-that
-ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man
-is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about
-("The building that I saw was very large.")
-_____
-the
-pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing
-that is known about or is being spoken about
-_____
-theater
-n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed
-_____
-them
-pro. other people being spoken about
-_____
-then
-ad. at that time; existing; and so
-_____
-theory
-n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something
-happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven
-("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of
-dinosaurs.")
-_____
-there
-ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place
-_____
-these
-pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been
-spoken about already
-_____
-they
-pro. those ones being spoken about
-_____
-thick
-ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall
-is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest
-is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow
-easily; opposite thin
-_____
-thin
-ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat;
-not wide; opposite thick
-_____
-thing
-n. any object
-_____
-think
-v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to
-believe
-_____
-third
-ad. coming after two others
-_____
-this
-pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been
-spoken about already
-_____
-threaten
-v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage
-_____
-through
-prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top
-to bottom; with the help of; by
-_____
-throw
-v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm
-_____
-tie
-v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins
-or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade
-ties.")
-_____
-time
-n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period
-that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a
-period when an event should or will take place
-_____
-tired
-ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or
-rest
-_____
-to
-prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place
-toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose
-_____
-today
-n. this day
-_____
-together
-ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation
-_____
-tomorrow
-n. the day after today
-_____
-tonight
-n. this night
-_____
-too
-ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary
-_____
-tool
-n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work
-_____
-top
-n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something
-_____
-torture
-v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to
-harm, to punish or to get information from
-_____
-total
-n. the complete amount
-_____
-touch
-v. to put the hand or fingers on
-_____
-toward
-prep. in the direction of; leading to
-_____
-town
-n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large
-as a city
-_____
-trade
-v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity
-of buying, selling or exchanging products or services
-_____
-tradition
-n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time
-_____
-traffic
-n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or
-waterway
-_____
-tragic
-ad. extremely sad; terrible
-_____
-train
-v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity;
-n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad
-_____
-transport
-v. to move goods or people from one place to another
-_____
-transportation
-n. the act or business of moving goods or people
-_____
-trap
-v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or
-escape; n. a device used to catch animals
-_____
-travel
-v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance
-_____
-treason
-n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its
-enemies
-_____
-treasure
-n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value
-_____
-treat
-v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure
-_____
-treatment
-n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make
-better
-_____
-treaty
-n. a written agreement between two or more nations
-_____
-tree
-n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves
-_____
-trial
-n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a
-charge is true
-_____
-tribe
-n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader
-_____
-trick
-v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or
-her do something
-_____
-trip
-n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance
-_____
-troops
-n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group
-_____
-trouble
-n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems
-_____
-truce
-n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved
-_____
-truck
-n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods
-_____
-true
-ad. correct; not false
-_____
-trust
-v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm
-_____
-try
-v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide
-if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime
-_____
-tube
-n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a
-long, thin container in which they can be kept
-_____
-turn
-v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change
-color, form or shape
-_____
-under
-prep. below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law,
-agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action
-is not permitted under the law.")
-_____
-understand
-v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of
-_____
-unite
-v. to join together
-_____
-universe
-n. all of space, including planets and stars
-_____
-university
-n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and
-research organizations
-_____
-unless
-conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless
-the rain stops.")
-_____
-until
-conj. up to a time; before
-_____
-up
-ad. to, in or at a higher position or value
-_____
-urge
-v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do
-something
-_____
-urgent
-ad. needing an immediate decision or action
-_____
-us
-pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he
-would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us
-yesterday.")
-_____
-use
-v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action
-_____
-usual
-ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard
-_____
-vacation
-n. a holiday; a period of time for travel, pleasure or rest,
-especially one with pay given to an employee
-_____
-vaccine
-n. a substance containing killed or weakened organisms given to a
-person or animal to produce protection against a disease
-_____
-valley
-n. a long area of land between higher areas of land
-_____
-value
-n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of
-money that could be received if something is sold
-_____
-vegetable
-n. a plant grown for food
-_____
-vehicle
-n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be
-transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck
-_____
-version
-n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later
-forms
-_____
-very
-ad. extremely ("He was very late.")
-_____
-veto
-v. to reject or refuse to approve
-_____
-victim
-n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer;
-someone who is tricked
-_____
-victory
-n. a success in a fight or competition
-_____
-video
-n. a method of recording images and sound without a traditional film
-camera to be shown on a television, computer or other device
-_____
-village
-n. a very small town
-_____
-violate
-v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)
-_____
-violence
-n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage
-_____
-visa
-n. the official permission given to a person to enter a country where
-he or she is not a citizen
-_____
-visit
-v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or
-business reasons
-_____
-voice
-n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking
-_____
-volcano
-n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can
-explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air
-_____
-volunteer
-n. a person who chooses to do something without being asked, usually
-without being paid
-_____
-vote
-v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision
-expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing
-_____
-wages
-n. money received for work done
-_____
-wait
-v. to delay acting; to postpone
-_____
-walk
-v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other
-_____
-wall
-n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other
-material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land
-_____
-want
-v. to desire; to wish for; to need
-_____
-war
-n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons
-_____
-warm
-ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat
-_____
-warn
-v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad
-that may happen
-_____
-wash
-v. to make clean, usually with water
-_____
-waste
-v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a
-spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned;
-something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid
-substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the
-body
-_____
-watch
-v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for
-_____
-water
-n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes,
-rivers and oceans
-_____
-wave
-v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the
-wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large
-mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean
-_____
-way
-n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method
-_____
-we
-pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I
-will go together, and we will return together.")
-_____
-weak
-ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite
-strong
-_____
-wealth
-n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value
-_____
-weapon
-n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or
-war
-_____
-wear
-v. to have on the body, as clothes
-_____
-weather
-n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain,
-heat or cold
-_____
-Web site
-n. a collection of information prepared by a person or organization on
-the World Wide Web of the Internet
-_____
-week
-n. a period of time equal to seven days
-_____
-weigh
-v. to measure how heavy someone or something is
-_____
-welcome
-v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something
-develops
-_____
-well
-ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in
-the ground where water, gas or oil can be found
-_____
-west
-n. the direction in which the sun goes down
-_____
-wet
-ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry
-_____
-what
-pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about
-something ("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to
-know what you would like to drink.")
-_____
-wheat
-n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain
-_____
-wheel
-n. a round structure that turns around a center
-_____
-when
-ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj.
-during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.")
-_____
-where
-ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house
-where he lives is in the old part of the city.")
-_____
-whether
-conj. if it be the case or fact that (“He did not know whether he was
-right or wrong.”)
-_____
-which
-pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or
-people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take
-the test?")
-_____
-while
-n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at
-or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you
-are running.")
-_____
-white
-ad. having the color like that of milk or snow
-_____
-who
-pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the
-person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.")
-_____
-whole
-ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into
-pieces
-_____
-why
-ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason
-for which ("I do not know why she did it.")
-_____
-wide
-ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited
-_____
-wife
-n. a woman who is married
-_____
-wild
-ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or
-supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled
-_____
-will
-v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will
-hold talks tomorrow.")
-_____
-willing
-ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about
-the problem.")
-_____
-win
-v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition,
-election or battle
-_____
-wind
-n. a strong movement of air
-_____
-window
-n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with
-glass
-_____
-winter
-n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring
-_____
-wire
-n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry
-electricity or electronic communications from one place to another
-_____
-wise
-ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and
-understanding to make good or correct decisions
-_____
-wish
-v. to want; to express a desire for
-_____
-with
-prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a
-tool."); having ("the house with the red door")
-_____
-withdraw
-v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove
-_____
-without
-prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing
-_____
-witness
-n. a person who saw and can tell about an action or event, sometimes
-in a court of law
-_____
-woman
-n. an adult female human
-_____
-wonder
-v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a
-feeling of surprise
-_____
-wonderful
-ad. causing wonder; especially good
-_____
-wood
-n. the solid material of which trees are made
-_____
-word
-n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language
-_____
-work
-v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the
-effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the
-job one does to earn money
-_____
-world
-n. the earth; the people who live on the earth
-_____
-worry
-v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad,
-can happen
-_____
-worse
-ad. more bad than
-_____
-worth
-n. value measured in money
-_____
-wound
-v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal;
-n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is
-usually cut or broken
-_____
-wreck
-v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly
-damaged or broken
-_____
-wreckage
-n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed
-_____
-write
-v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as
-paper
-_____
-wrong
-ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right
-_____
-year
-n. a period of time equal to twelve months
-_____
-yellow
-ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun
-_____
-yes
-ad. used to express agreement or to permit
-_____
-yesterday
-n. the day before today
-_____
-yet
-ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this
-time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was
-shining, yet it was cold.")
-_____
-you
-pro. the person or persons being spoken to
-_____
-young
-ad. in the early years of life; not old
-_____
-zero
-n. the number meaning none or nothing
-_____
-zoo
-n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study
-# COMMON PREFIXES
-_____
-dis-
-not (dishonest, disobey)
-_____
-pro-
-for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government)
-_____
-re-
-to do again (reorganize, reunite)
-_____
-self-
-used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by
-the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort
-or power (self-declared, self-appointed)
-_____
-un-
-not (unusual, unhappy)
-#COMMON EXPRESSIONS
-_____
-carry out
-to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.")
-_____
-pass a bill
-approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.")
-_____
-take steps
-to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt
-inflation.")
-# WORDS USED IN VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH SCIENCE PROGRAMS
-_____
-atom
-a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that
-can join with parts of other elements
-_____
-bacteria
-living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a
-microscope; some cause disease
-_____
-cell
-a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals
-_____
-chromosome
-a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes
-_____
-compound
-a substance containing two or more elements
-_____
-dense
-close together; thick
-_____
-electron
-a small part of an atom that has an electrical force
-_____
-element
-one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be
-separated into other substances
-_____
-enzyme
-a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances
-without being changed itself
-_____
-fetus
-unborn young
-_____
-fission
-a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to
-produce nuclear energy
-_____
-fusion
-a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined
-together to produce nuclear energy
-_____
-genes
-parts of cells that control the growth and development of living
-things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child;
-genes contain nucleic acid
-_____
-genetic engineering
-the science of changing the genes of a living organism
-_____
-gravity
-the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth
-_____
-image
-a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing
-_____
-laser
-an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light
-_____
-magnet
-a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this
-pulling force is called magnetism
-_____
-molecule
-the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist
-_____
-nerve
-a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and
-from the brain
-_____
-nucleus
-the center part of an atom or cell
-_____
-nucleic acid
-a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life;
-there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and
-RNA (ribonucleic acid)
-_____
-nutrient
-a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow
-_____
-organ
-a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or
-brain
-_____
-organism
-a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a
-microscope
-_____
-particle
-a very small piece of matter
-_____
-proteins
-substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged
-tissue
-_____
-robot
-a machine that moves and performs tasks
-_____
-tissue
-living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and
-do the same thing
-_____
-virus
-a kind of organism that causes disease
-_____
-x-rays
-a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often
-used in medicine
-# ORGANS OF THE BODY
-_____
-heart
-pumps blood through the body
-_____
-intestines
-tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the
-stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body
-_____
-kidney
-cleans liquid wastes from the body
-_____
-liver
-makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood
-_____
-lung
-takes in and expels air from the body
-_____
-prostate
-a part of the male reproductive system
-_____
-stomach
-breaks down food for the body to use
-_____
-uterus
-a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops

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