gadict: comparison gadict-voa-special-english-word-book.dict-c5

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+# -*- coding: utf-8; -*-
+ABOUT: VOA Special English Word Book.
+http://gadict.sourceforge.net
+Materials placed in Public Domain as all materials from VOA (Voice of
+America).
+You can look to VOA disclaimer at:
+http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/disclaim.cfm
+Use http://web.archive.org/ to find this page.
+This dictionary based on origins from:
+http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-a.cfm
+http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-b.cfm
+...
+http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/wordbook-z.cfm
+on 2010-02-12 which you can find with http://web.archive.org/
+Further info available at:
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_English
+By Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmai.com>
+_____
+a; an
+ad. one; any; each
+_____
+able
+v. having the power to do something
+_____
+about
+ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about
+the weather.")
+_____
+above
+ad. at a higher place
+_____
+abuse
+n. bad treatment causing harm or injury
+_____
+accept
+v. to agree to receive
+_____
+accident
+n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event
+_____
+accuse
+v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a
+statement against someone
+_____
+across
+ad. from side to side; to the other side
+_____
+act
+v. to do something
+_____
+activist
+n. one who seeks change through action
+_____
+actor
+n. someone acting in a play or show
+_____
+add
+v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more
+_____
+administration
+n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president
+or prime minister
+_____
+admit
+v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's
+guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.")
+_____
+adult
+n. a grown person
+_____
+advertise
+v. to show or present the qualities of a product to increase sales
+_____
+advise
+v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision
+_____
+affect
+v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected
+the singer's performance.")
+_____
+afraid
+ad. feeling fear
+_____
+after
+ad. later; behind
+_____
+again
+ad. another time; as before
+_____
+against
+ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something
+_____
+age
+n. how old a person or thing is
+_____
+agency
+n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the
+United Nations")
+_____
+aggression
+n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's
+borders
+_____
+ago
+ad. of time past; before now
+_____
+agree
+v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something
+_____
+agriculture
+n. farming
+_____
+aid
+v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance
+_____
+aim
+v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose
+_____
+air
+n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen,
+that we breathe
+_____
+air force
+n. a military organization using airplanes
+_____
+airplane
+n. a vehicle with wings that flies
+_____
+airport
+n. a place where airplanes take off and land
+_____
+album
+n. a collection of recorded music
+_____
+alcohol
+n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug
+or in industrial products
+_____
+alive
+ad. having life; not dead
+_____
+all
+ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount
+_____
+ally
+n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose
+_____
+almost
+ad. a little less than completely
+_____
+alone
+ad. separated from others
+_____
+along
+ad. near or on ("along the road")
+_____
+already
+ad. before now; even now
+_____
+also
+ad. added to; too
+_____
+although
+conj. even if it is true that
+_____
+always
+ad. at all times; every time
+_____
+ambassador
+n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another
+government)
+_____
+amend
+v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)
+_____
+ammunition
+n. the bullets or shells fired from guns
+_____
+among
+ad. in or part of (a group)
+_____
+amount
+n. the number, size or weight of anything
+_____
+anarchy
+n. a lack of order; lawlessness
+_____
+ancestor
+n. a family member from the past
+_____
+ancient
+ad. very old; long ago
+_____
+and
+conj. also; in addition to; with
+_____
+anger
+n. a strong emotion against someone or something
+_____
+animal
+n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat
+_____
+anniversary
+n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the
+past
+_____
+announce
+v. to make known publicly; to declare officially
+_____
+another
+ad. one more; a different one
+_____
+answer
+n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after
+being asked a question
+_____
+any
+ad. one or more of no special kind
+_____
+apologize
+v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts
+responsibility
+_____
+appeal
+v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call
+on somebody for help
+_____
+appear
+v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem
+_____
+appoint
+v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge")
+_____
+approve
+v. to agree with; to agree to support
+_____
+archeology
+n. the scientific study of past human life and activities
+_____
+area
+n. any place or part of it
+_____
+argue
+v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree
+_____
+arms
+n. military equipment; weapons
+_____
+army
+n. military ground forces
+_____
+around
+ad. on every side (of)
+_____
+arrest
+v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner
+_____
+arrive
+v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip
+_____
+art
+n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music,
+writing or statues
+_____
+artillery
+n. big guns
+_____
+as
+conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while
+_____
+ash
+n. the part left after something burns
+_____
+ask
+v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher
+questions every day.")
+_____
+assist
+v. to help
+_____
+astronaut
+n. a person who travels in space
+_____
+astronomy
+n. the scientific study of stars and the universe
+_____
+asylum
+n. political protection given by a government to a person from another
+country
+_____
+at
+prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon")
+_____
+atmosphere
+n. the gases surrounding any star or planet
+_____
+attach
+v. to tie together; to connect
+_____
+attack
+n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight
+_____
+attempt
+v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort
+_____
+attend
+v. to be present at
+_____
+attention
+n. close or careful observing of, or listening to, someone or
+something (“The student paid attention to his teacher.”)
+_____
+automobile
+n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car
+_____
+autumn
+n. the time of the year between summer and winter
+_____
+available
+ad. present and ready for use; willing to serve or help. (“There was a
+list of available candidates.”)
+_____
+average
+n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal
+_____
+avoid
+v. to stay away from
+_____
+awake
+ad. not sleeping
+_____
+award
+n. an honor or prize for an act or service
+_____
+away
+ad. not near
+_____
+baby
+n. a newly born creature
+_____
+back
+n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward
+_____
+bad
+ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good
+_____
+balance
+v. to make two sides or forces equal
+_____
+ball
+n. something round
+_____
+balloon
+n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas
+lighter than air
+_____
+ballot
+n. a piece of paper used for voting
+_____
+ban
+v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction
+_____
+bank
+n. an organization that keeps and lends money
+_____
+bar
+v. to prevent or block
+_____
+barrier
+n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult
+_____
+base
+n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was
+based on experiments.")
+_____
+battle
+n. a fight between opposing armed forces
+_____
+be
+v. to live; to happen; to exist
+_____
+beat
+v. to hit again and again
+_____
+beauty
+n. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit
+_____
+because
+prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.")
+_____
+become
+v. to come to be
+_____
+bed
+n. a sleeping place
+_____
+before
+prep. earlier
+_____
+begin
+v. to do the first part of an action; to start
+_____
+behavior
+n. the way in which a person or animal acts (“The child’s behavior was
+bad because he fought with other children.”)
+_____
+behind
+ad. at the back of; in back of
+_____
+believe
+v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust
+_____
+belong
+v. to be owned by; to be a member of
+_____
+below
+ad. lower than
+_____
+best
+ad. the most good
+_____
+betray
+v. to turn against; to be false to
+_____
+better
+ad. more good than
+_____
+between
+ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks
+between two nations")
+_____
+big
+ad. of great size; not small
+_____
+bill
+n. a legislative proposal
+_____
+biology
+n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms
+_____
+bird
+n. a creature that flies
+_____
+bite
+v. to cut with the teeth
+_____
+black
+ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky
+_____
+blame
+v. to accuse; to hold responsible
+_____
+bleed
+v. to lose blood
+_____
+blind
+ad. not able to see
+_____
+block
+v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement
+_____
+blood
+n. red fluid in the body
+_____
+blow
+v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.")
+_____
+blue
+ad. having the color like that of a clear sky
+_____
+boat
+n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods
+_____
+body
+n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal
+_____
+boil
+v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot
+_____
+bomb
+n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy
+with bombs
+_____
+bone
+n. the hard material in the body
+_____
+book
+n. a long written work for reading
+_____
+border
+n. a dividing line between nations
+_____
+born
+v. to come to life; to come into existence
+_____
+borrow
+v. to take as a loan
+_____
+both
+ad. not just one of two, but the two together
+_____
+bottle
+n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid
+_____
+bottom
+ad. the lowest part of something
+_____
+box
+n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or
+wood
+_____
+boy
+n. a young male person
+_____
+boycott
+v. to refuse to take part in or deal with
+_____
+brain
+n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all
+creatures
+_____
+brave
+ad. having no fear
+_____
+bread
+n. a food made from grain
+_____
+break
+v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy
+_____
+breathe
+v. to take air into the body and let it out again
+_____
+bridge
+n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and
+vehicles can cross from one side to the other
+_____
+brief
+ad. short; not long
+_____
+bright
+ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color
+_____
+bring
+v. to come with something
+_____
+broadcast
+v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a
+radio or television program
+_____
+brother
+n. a male with the same father or mother as another person
+_____
+brown
+ad. having the color like that of coffee
+_____
+budget
+n. a spending plan
+_____
+build
+v. to join materials together to make something
+_____
+building
+n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store
+or place of entertainment
+_____
+bullet
+n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun
+_____
+burn
+v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire
+_____
+burst
+v. to break open suddenly
+_____
+bury
+v. to put into the ground and cover with earth
+_____
+bus
+n. a public vehicle to carry people
+_____
+business
+n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade
+_____
+busy
+ad. doing something; very active
+_____
+but
+conj. however; other than; yet
+_____
+buy
+v. to get by paying something, usually money
+_____
+by
+conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William
+Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight")
+_____
+cabinet
+n. a group of ministers that helps lead a government
+_____
+call
+v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request
+("They called for an end to the fighting.")
+_____
+calm
+ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense
+_____
+camera
+n. a device for taking pictures
+_____
+camp
+n. a place with temporary housing
+_____
+campaign
+n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from
+voters; a connected series of military actions during a war
+_____
+can
+v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold
+liquid or food, usually made of metal
+_____
+cancel
+v. to end; to stop
+_____
+cancer
+n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts
+of the body
+_____
+candidate
+n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor
+_____
+capital
+n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's
+government is
+_____
+capture
+v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force;
+to get control of
+_____
+car
+n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part
+of a train
+_____
+care
+v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest
+_____
+career
+n. a chosen profession; a person’s working life (“The actor’s career
+lasted for thirty years.”)
+_____
+careful
+ad. acting safely; with much thought
+_____
+carry
+v. to take something or someone from one place to another
+_____
+case (court)
+n. a legal action
+_____
+case (medical)
+n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at
+the school.")
+_____
+cat
+n. a small animal that often lives with humans
+_____
+catch
+v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands
+_____
+cause
+v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result
+_____
+ceasefire
+n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement
+_____
+celebrate
+v. to honor a person or event with special activities
+_____
+center
+n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is
+the main point of an activity
+_____
+century
+n. one hundred years
+_____
+ceremony
+n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by
+tradition
+_____
+chairman
+n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group
+_____
+champion
+n. the best; the winner
+_____
+chance
+n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen
+_____
+change
+v. to make different; to become different
+_____
+charge
+v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in
+which someone is accused of something
+_____
+chase
+v. to run or go after someone or something
+_____
+cheat
+v. to get by a trick; to steal from
+_____
+cheer
+v. to shout approval or praise
+_____
+chemicals
+n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the
+science of chemistry
+_____
+chemistry
+n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they
+act under different conditions, and how they form other substances
+_____
+chief
+n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important
+_____
+child
+n. a baby; a boy or girl
+_____
+children
+n. more than one child
+_____
+choose
+v. to decide between two or more
+_____
+circle
+n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the
+center, like an "O"
+_____
+citizen
+n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law
+_____
+city
+n. any important large town
+_____
+civil rights
+n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all
+people of a nation
+_____
+civilian
+ad. not military
+_____
+claim
+v. to say something as a fact
+_____
+clash
+n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose
+_____
+class
+n. a group of students who meet to study the same subject; also, a
+social or economic group. ("They were members of the middle class.")
+_____
+clean
+v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean
+water")
+_____
+clear
+ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood
+_____
+clergy
+n. a body of officials within a religious organization
+_____
+climate
+n. the normal weather conditions of a place
+_____
+climb
+v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the
+hands
+_____
+clock
+n. a device that measures and shows time
+_____
+close
+v. to make something not open; ad. near to
+_____
+cloth
+n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other
+substances
+_____
+clothes
+n. what people wear
+_____
+cloud
+n. a mass of fog high in the sky
+_____
+coal
+n. a solid black substance used as fuel
+_____
+coalition
+n. forces, groups or nations joined together
+_____
+coast
+n. land on the edge of the ocean
+_____
+coffee
+n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
+_____
+cold
+ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature
+_____
+collapse
+v. to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down or fail suddenly in
+strength, health or power. (“The building collapsed in the
+earthquake.” “The government collapsed after a vote in parliament.”)
+_____
+collect
+v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive
+("collect taxes")
+_____
+college
+n. a small university
+_____
+colony
+n. land controlled by another country or government
+_____
+color
+n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown,
+black, yellow and others
+_____
+combine
+v. to mix or bring together
+_____
+come
+v. to move toward; to arrive
+_____
+command
+v. to order; to have power over something
+_____
+comment
+v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something
+_____
+committee
+n. a group of people given special work
+_____
+common
+ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose")
+_____
+communicate
+v. to tell; to give or exchange information
+_____
+community
+n. a group of people living together in one place or area
+_____
+company
+n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes
+_____
+compare
+v. to examine what is different or similar
+_____
+compete
+v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others
+_____
+complete
+ad. having all parts; ended or finished
+_____
+complex
+ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not
+simple
+_____
+compromise
+n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less
+than first demanded
+_____
+computer
+n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and
+for communicating with others
+_____
+concern
+n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be
+concerned")
+_____
+condemn
+v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad
+_____
+condition
+n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's
+health
+_____
+conference
+n. a meeting
+_____
+confirm
+v. to approve; to say that something is true
+_____
+conflict
+n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one
+_____
+congratulate
+v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck
+_____
+Congress
+n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United
+States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar
+organization in other countries
+_____
+connect
+v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link
+_____
+conservative
+n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change
+_____
+consider
+v. to give thought to; to think about carefully
+_____
+constitution
+n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of
+government
+_____
+contact
+n. the act of touching or being close to a person or thing (“He was in
+contact with animals that had the disease.”) v. to meet or communicate
+with (“He wanted to contact his local official.”)
+_____
+contain
+v. to hold; to include
+_____
+container
+n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something
+_____
+continent
+n. any of the seven great land areas of the world
+_____
+continue
+v. to go on doing or being
+_____
+control
+v. to direct; to have power over
+_____
+convention
+n. a large meeting for a special purpose
+_____
+cook
+v. to heat food before eating it
+_____
+cool
+ad. almost cold
+_____
+cooperate
+v. to act or work together
+_____
+copy
+v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look
+exactly like another
+_____
+corn
+n. a food grain
+_____
+correct
+ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right
+_____
+corruption
+n. actions taken to gain money or power that are legally or morally
+wrong
+_____
+cost
+n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five
+dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.")
+_____
+cotton
+n. a material made from a plant of the same name
+_____
+count
+v. to speak or add numbers
+_____
+country
+n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities
+_____
+court
+n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law
+_____
+cover
+v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put
+over a person or thing
+_____
+cow
+n. a farm animal used for its milk
+_____
+crash
+v. to fall violently; to hit with great force
+_____
+create
+v. to make; to give life or form to
+_____
+creature
+n. any living being; any animal or human
+_____
+credit
+n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time
+_____
+crew
+n. a group of people working together
+_____
+crime
+n. an act that violates a law
+_____
+criminal
+n. a person who is responsible for a crime
+_____
+crisis
+n. an extremely important time when something may become much better
+or worse; a dangerous situation
+_____
+criticize
+v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to
+judge
+_____
+crops
+n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits
+and vegetables
+_____
+cross
+v. to go from one side to another; to go across
+_____
+crowd
+n. a large number of people gathered in one place
+_____
+crush
+v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely
+_____
+cry
+v. to express or show sorrow or pain
+_____
+culture
+n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population
+_____
+cure
+v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the
+disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics
+are a cure for infection.")
+_____
+curfew
+n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their
+businesses
+_____
+current
+n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present
+time ("She found the report in a current publication.")
+_____
+custom
+n. a long-established belief or activity of a people
+_____
+customs
+n. taxes on imports
+_____
+cut
+v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce
+_____
+dam
+n. a wall built across a river to hold back flowing water
+_____
+damage
+v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to
+things
+_____
+dance
+v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually
+to music
+_____
+danger
+n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss
+_____
+dark
+ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.")
+_____
+date
+n. an expression of time; a day, month and year
+_____
+daughter
+n. a person's female child
+_____
+day
+n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight
+_____
+dead
+ad. not living
+_____
+deaf
+ad. not able to hear
+_____
+deal
+v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of
+pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.")
+_____
+debate
+v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or
+argument
+_____
+debt
+n. something that is owed; the condition of owing
+_____
+decide
+v. to choose; to settle; to judge
+_____
+declare
+v. to say; to make a statement
+_____
+decrease
+v. to make less in size or amount
+_____
+deep
+ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom
+_____
+defeat
+v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition
+of having lost
+_____
+defend
+v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect
+_____
+deficit
+n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or
+imports are greater than exports
+_____
+define
+v. to give the meaning of; to explain
+_____
+degree
+n. a measure of temperature
+_____
+delay
+v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to
+be late
+_____
+delegate
+n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another
+_____
+demand
+v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force
+_____
+democracy
+n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders
+or to make other important decisions
+_____
+demonstrate
+v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd
+demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using
+examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.")
+_____
+denounce
+v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely
+_____
+deny
+v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request
+_____
+depend
+v. to need help and support
+_____
+deplore
+v. to regret strongly; to express sadness
+_____
+deploy
+v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action
+_____
+depression
+n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic
+activity during which many people lose their jobs
+_____
+describe
+v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something
+_____
+desert
+n. a dry area of land
+_____
+design
+v. to plan or create plans for
+_____
+desire
+v. to want very much; to wish for
+_____
+destroy
+v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of
+_____
+detail
+n. a small part of something; a small piece of information
+_____
+detain
+v. to keep or hold (“The police detained several suspects for
+questioning.”)
+_____
+develop
+v. to grow; to create; to experience progress
+_____
+device
+n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose
+_____
+dictator
+n. a ruler with complete power
+_____
+die
+v. to become dead; to stop living; to end
+_____
+diet
+n. usual daily food and drink
+_____
+different
+ad. not the same
+_____
+difficult
+ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out
+_____
+dig
+v. to make a hole in the ground
+_____
+dinner
+n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its
+dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official
+dinner took place at the White House.")
+_____
+diplomat
+n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with
+another government
+_____
+direct
+v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater.");
+ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing
+("The path is direct.")
+_____
+direction
+n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came
+from or went to
+_____
+dirt
+n. earth or soil
+_____
+disappear
+v. to become unseen; to no longer exist
+_____
+disarm
+v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb
+harmless by removing its exploding device
+_____
+disaster
+n. an event causing widespread destruction or loss of life, such as an
+earthquake or plane crash
+_____
+discover
+v. to find or learn something
+_____
+discrimination
+n. unfair treatment or consideration based on opinions about a whole
+group instead of on the qualities of an individual. (“He was accused
+of discrimination against people from other countries.”)
+_____
+discuss
+v. to talk about; to exchange ideas
+_____
+disease
+n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or
+bacteria
+_____
+dismiss
+v. to send away; to refuse to consider
+_____
+dispute
+v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate
+_____
+dissident
+n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government
+_____
+distance
+n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance
+from my house to your house is two kilometers.")
+_____
+dive
+v. to jump into water head first
+_____
+divide
+v. to separate into two or more parts
+_____
+do
+v. to act; to make an effort
+_____
+doctor
+n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people
+_____
+document
+n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof
+or support of something
+_____
+dog
+n. a small animal that often lives with humans
+_____
+dollar
+n. United States money, one hundred cents
+_____
+donate
+v. to present something as a gift to an organization, country or
+cause. (“She donated money to the Red Cross to help survivors of the
+earthquake.”)
+_____
+door
+n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room
+_____
+double
+v. to increase two times as much in size, strength or number
+_____
+down
+ad. from higher to lower; in a low place
+_____
+dream
+v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture
+or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future
+_____
+drink
+v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth
+_____
+drive
+v. to control a moving vehicle
+_____
+drop
+v. to fall or let fall; to go lower
+_____
+drown
+v. to die under water
+_____
+drug
+n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical
+substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind
+_____
+dry
+ad. not wet; without rain
+_____
+during
+ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening)
+_____
+dust
+n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air
+_____
+duty
+n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right
+and just
+_____
+each
+ad. every one by itself
+_____
+early
+ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day;
+opposite late
+_____
+earn
+v. to be paid in return for work done
+_____
+earth
+n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil
+_____
+earthquake
+n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface
+_____
+ease
+v. to reduce; to make less difficult
+_____
+east
+n. the direction from which the sun rises
+_____
+easy
+ad. not difficult; not hard to do
+_____
+eat
+v. to take food into the body through the mouth
+_____
+ecology
+n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and
+material things
+_____
+economy
+n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized
+_____
+edge
+n. the line where something ends or begins
+_____
+education
+n. the act of teaching
+_____
+effect
+n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious
+effect on the economy.")
+_____
+effort
+n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something
+_____
+egg
+n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female
+birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal
+that can develop into a baby
+_____
+either
+ad. one of two, but not the other
+_____
+elect
+v. to choose by voting
+_____
+electricity
+n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and
+light, and power to machines
+_____
+embassy
+n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants
+_____
+embryo
+n. a human or animal in the earliest stages of its development
+_____
+emergency
+n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action
+_____
+emotion
+n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness
+_____
+employ
+v. to give work in return for wages
+_____
+empty
+ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything
+_____
+end
+v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last
+_____
+enemy
+n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the
+other side in a war
+_____
+energy
+n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and
+willingness to be active
+_____
+enforce
+v. to make something be done
+_____
+engine
+n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work
+_____
+engineer
+n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads
+_____
+enjoy
+v. to be pleased or satisfied by something
+_____
+enough
+ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed
+_____
+enter
+v. to come or go into
+_____
+environment
+n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life;
+the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals
+_____
+equal
+ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights
+_____
+equipment
+n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity
+_____
+escape
+v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of
+_____
+especially
+ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.")
+_____
+establish
+v. to bring into existence; to create
+_____
+estimate
+v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than
+complete information
+_____
+ethnic
+ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of
+their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived
+_____
+evaporate
+v. to change from a liquid into a gas
+_____
+even
+ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the
+building was destroyed.")
+_____
+event
+n. that which happens, especially something of importance
+_____
+ever
+ad. at any time
+_____
+every
+ad. each one; all
+_____
+evidence
+n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing
+_____
+evil
+ad. not good; extremely bad
+_____
+exact
+ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail
+_____
+examine
+v. to study closely
+_____
+example
+n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like
+_____
+excellent
+ad. extremely good
+_____
+except
+prep. but for
+_____
+exchange
+v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another
+_____
+excuse
+v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes
+false) for an action
+_____
+execute
+v. to kill
+_____
+exercise
+n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to
+stay in good health
+_____
+exile
+v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a
+person who is forced to leave his or her country
+_____
+exist
+v. to be; to live
+_____
+expand
+v. to make larger; to grow larger
+_____
+expect
+v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an
+event
+_____
+expel
+v. to force out; to remove from; to send away
+_____
+experience
+v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced
+great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The
+experience caused her great pain.")
+_____
+experiment
+v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true
+or false, or to discover something
+_____
+expert
+n. a person with special knowledge or training
+_____
+explain
+v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the
+meaning
+_____
+explode
+v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb
+_____
+explore
+v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it;
+to make a careful search; to examine closely
+_____
+export
+v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country,
+usually for sale
+_____
+express
+v. to say clearly
+_____
+extend
+v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time
+_____
+extra
+ad. more than normal, expected or necessary
+_____
+extraordinary
+ad. far greater or better than the usual or normal
+_____
+extreme
+ad. more than the usual or accepted
+_____
+extremist
+n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an
+extreme or violent way
+_____
+face
+n. the front of the head: eyes, nose, mouth; v. to look toward; to
+turn toward; to have before you, such as a problem or danger
+_____
+fact
+n. something known or proved to be true
+_____
+factory
+n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made
+_____
+fail
+v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal
+_____
+fair
+ad. just; honest; what is right
+_____
+fall
+v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower
+position
+_____
+false
+ad. not true; not correct
+_____
+family
+n. the group that includes children and their parents
+_____
+famous
+ad. known very well to many people
+_____
+fan
+n. a person who actively supports a sport, activity or performer (“The
+baseball fan attended every game his team played.”)
+_____
+far
+ad. at, to or from a great distance
+_____
+farm
+n. land used to grow crops and animals for food
+_____
+fast
+ad. moving or working at great speed; quick
+_____
+fat
+n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and
+to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy
+_____
+father
+n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children
+_____
+favorite
+ad. liked more than others (“Ice cream was her favorite food.”)
+_____
+fear
+v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen
+("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger
+or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.")
+_____
+federal
+ad. of or having to do with a national or central government
+_____
+feed
+v. to give food to
+_____
+feel
+v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching
+_____
+female
+n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women
+_____
+fence
+n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or
+out
+_____
+fertile
+ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much
+_____
+few
+ad. not many; a small number of
+_____
+field
+n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise
+animals
+_____
+fierce
+ad. extremely strong; violent; angry
+_____
+fight
+v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy;
+n. the use of force; a battle
+_____
+fill
+v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for
+no more
+_____
+film
+v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion
+picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with
+a camera; a movie
+_____
+final
+ad. at the end; last
+_____
+financial
+ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit,
+investments and banks
+_____
+find
+v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to
+decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.")
+_____
+fine
+n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad.
+very good; very small or thin
+_____
+finish
+v. to complete; to end
+_____
+fire
+v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning
+_____
+fireworks
+n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday
+celebrations
+_____
+firm
+ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.")
+_____
+first
+ad. coming before all others
+_____
+fish
+n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water
+_____
+fit
+v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.")
+_____
+fix
+v. to make good or right again
+_____
+flag
+n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or
+organization
+_____
+flat
+ad. smooth; having no high places
+_____
+flee
+v. to run away from
+_____
+float
+v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water
+or through air
+_____
+flood
+v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake
+or ocean onto land
+_____
+floor
+n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the
+floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.")
+_____
+flow
+v. to move like a liquid
+_____
+flower
+n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds
+_____
+fluid
+n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid
+_____
+fly
+v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to
+travel in an airplane or flying vehicle
+_____
+fog
+n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close
+to the ground
+_____
+follow
+v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey
+_____
+food
+n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength
+and growth
+_____
+fool
+v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a
+person who is tricked easily
+_____
+foot
+n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the
+ground when a person or animal walks
+_____
+for
+prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me
+one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for
+one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be
+employed by ("She works for a computer company.")
+_____
+force
+v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using
+power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object;
+military power of a nation; a military group
+_____
+foreign
+ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or
+country
+_____
+forest
+n. a place of many trees
+_____
+forget
+v. to not remember
+_____
+forgive
+v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt
+_____
+form
+v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind
+("Swimming is a form of exercise.")
+_____
+former
+ad. earlier in time; not now
+_____
+forward
+ad. the direction in front of; toward the front
+_____
+free
+v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not
+in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost
+_____
+freedom
+n. the condition of being free
+_____
+freeze
+v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold
+_____
+fresh
+ad. newly made or gathered; recent
+_____
+friend
+n. a person one likes and trusts
+_____
+frighten
+v. to cause great fear
+_____
+from
+prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is
+a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The
+school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is
+suffering from cancer.")
+_____
+front
+n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first
+part
+_____
+fruit
+n. food from trees and plants
+_____
+fuel
+n. any substance burned to create heat or power
+_____
+full
+ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete
+_____
+fun
+n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness
+_____
+funeral
+n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the
+dead
+_____
+future
+n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the
+time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.")
+_____
+gain
+v. to get possession of; to get more; to increase
+_____
+game
+n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete,
+usually sports
+_____
+gas
+n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns
+to provide heat, light or power
+_____
+gather
+v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect
+_____
+general
+n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including
+all or almost all
+_____
+generation
+n. a group of individuals born and living at about the same time.
+("The mother and daughter represented two generations.")
+_____
+genocide
+n. a plan of action to kill or destroy a national, religious, racial
+or ethnic group
+_____
+gentle
+ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent
+_____
+get
+v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the
+owner of
+_____
+gift
+n. something given without cost
+_____
+girl
+n. a young female person
+_____
+give
+v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment
+_____
+glass
+n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for
+windows or for containers to hold liquids
+_____
+go
+v. to move from one place to another; to leave
+_____
+goal
+n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at;
+the end of a trip or race
+_____
+god
+n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe
+in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have
+special powers
+_____
+gold
+n. a highly valued yellow metal
+_____
+good
+ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad
+_____
+goods
+n. things owned or made to be sold
+_____
+govern
+v. to control; to rule by military or political power
+_____
+government
+n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a
+country, city or area
+_____
+grain
+n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and
+corn; those plants that produce the seeds
+_____
+grass
+n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves
+_____
+gray
+ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white
+_____
+great
+ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good;
+important
+_____
+green
+ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having
+the color like that of growing leaves and grass
+_____
+grind
+v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing
+_____
+ground
+n. land; the earth's surface; soil
+_____
+group
+n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people
+working for a common purpose
+_____
+grow
+v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount
+_____
+guarantee
+v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen
+_____
+guard
+v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the
+president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a
+prison guard.")
+_____
+guerrilla
+n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against
+an official army or police
+_____
+guide
+v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way
+_____
+guilty
+ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible
+for a bad action
+_____
+gun
+n. a weapon that shoots bullets
+_____
+hair
+n. the fine material that grows from the skin, especially from the
+head
+_____
+half
+n. one of two equal parts of something
+_____
+halt
+v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop
+_____
+hang
+v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower
+part is not; to kill by hanging
+_____
+happen
+v. to become a fact or event; to take place
+_____
+happy
+ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad
+_____
+hard
+ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand;
+needing much effort or force
+_____
+harm
+v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt
+_____
+harvest
+v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered
+_____
+hat
+n. a head cover
+_____
+hate
+v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite
+love
+_____
+have
+v. to possess; to own; to hold
+_____
+he
+pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about
+_____
+head
+v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something;
+the highest position
+_____
+headquarters
+n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a
+business or organization
+_____
+heal
+v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well
+_____
+health
+n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being
+free from sickness or disease
+_____
+hear
+v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about
+_____
+heat
+v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by
+burning fuel; energy from the sun
+_____
+heavy
+ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force
+_____
+helicopter
+n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one
+place above the ground
+_____
+help
+v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid
+_____
+here
+ad. in, to or at this place
+_____
+hero
+n. a person honored for being brave or wise
+_____
+hide
+v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret
+_____
+high
+ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others
+_____
+hijack
+v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force
+_____
+hill
+n. a small mountain
+_____
+history
+n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the
+past
+_____
+hit
+v. to strike; to touch with force
+_____
+hold
+v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one
+position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to
+organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.")
+_____
+hole
+n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something
+_____
+holiday
+n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to
+honor or remember a person or event
+_____
+holy
+ad. greatly honored in religion
+_____
+home
+n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the
+place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one
+lives
+_____
+honest
+ad. truthful; able to be trusted
+_____
+honor
+v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's
+parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He
+received many honors for his efforts to help others.")
+_____
+hope
+v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will
+happen as wanted; to want something to happen
+_____
+horrible
+ad. causing great fear; terrible
+_____
+horse
+n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work
+_____
+hospital
+n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care
+_____
+hostage
+n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise
+will be honored
+_____
+hostile
+ad. ready to fight; ready for war
+_____
+hot
+ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature
+_____
+hotel
+n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers
+_____
+hour
+n. a measure of time; sixty minutes
+_____
+house
+n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or
+lawmaking group ("House of Representatives")
+_____
+how
+ad. in what way; to what amount
+_____
+however
+conj. yet; but
+_____
+huge
+ad. very big; of great size
+_____
+human
+ad. of or about people
+_____
+humor
+n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh
+_____
+hunger
+n. the need for food
+_____
+hunt
+v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to
+find
+_____
+hurry
+v. to do or go fast
+_____
+hurt
+v. to cause pain, injury or damage
+_____
+husband
+n. a man who is married
+_____
+I
+pro. the person speaking
+_____
+ice
+n. frozen water
+_____
+idea
+n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief
+_____
+identify
+v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are
+_____
+if
+conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.")
+_____
+ignore
+v. to pay no attention to or refuse to consider (“The president
+ignored the protesters outside his office.”)
+_____
+illegal
+ad. not legal; in violation of a law
+_____
+imagine
+v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea
+_____
+immediate
+ad. without delay; very near in time or place
+_____
+immigrant
+n. a person who arrives in a country to live there
+_____
+import
+v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another
+country, usually for sale
+_____
+important
+ad. having great meaning, value or power
+_____
+improve
+v. to make better; to become better
+_____
+in
+prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during
+_____
+incident
+n. an event or something that happens
+_____
+incite
+v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or
+violent
+_____
+include
+v. to have; to make a part of
+_____
+increase
+v. to make more in size or amount
+_____
+independent
+ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free;
+separate
+_____
+individual
+n. one person
+_____
+industry
+n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and
+related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved
+in manufacturing
+_____
+infect
+v. to make sick with something that causes disease
+_____
+inflation
+n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down
+_____
+influence
+v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change
+_____
+inform
+v. to tell; to give knowledge to
+_____
+information
+n. knowledge; facts
+_____
+inject
+v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the
+body through the skin
+_____
+injure
+v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal
+_____
+innocent
+ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action
+_____
+insane
+ad. mentally sick
+_____
+insect
+n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with
+wings
+_____
+inspect
+v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert
+_____
+instead
+ad. in the place of; taking the place of
+_____
+instrument
+n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something
+_____
+insult
+v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry
+or dishonored
+_____
+intelligence
+n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying
+_____
+intelligent
+ad. quick to understand or learn
+_____
+intense
+ad. very strong; extremely serious
+_____
+interest
+n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests."
+"She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a
+business; money paid for the use of money borrowed
+_____
+interfere
+v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the
+activities of others, especially when not asked to do so
+_____
+international
+ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole
+world
+_____
+Internet
+n. the extensive communications system that connects computers around
+the world
+_____
+intervene
+v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve
+_____
+invade
+v. to enter an area or country by force with an army
+_____
+invent
+v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing
+or way of doing something
+_____
+invest
+v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making
+more money
+_____
+investigate
+v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or
+charge; to search for the truth
+_____
+invite
+v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or
+gathering
+_____
+involve
+v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include
+_____
+iron
+n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools
+_____
+island
+n. a land area with water all around it
+_____
+issue
+n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or
+arguing about
+_____
+it
+pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The
+sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.")
+_____
+jail
+n. a prison for those waiting to be tried for a crime or for those
+serving sentences for crimes that are not serious
+_____
+jewel
+n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald
+_____
+job
+n. the work that one does to earn money
+_____
+join
+v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of
+_____
+joint
+ad. shared by two or more
+_____
+joke
+n. something done or said to cause others to laugh
+_____
+judge
+v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal
+one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court
+_____
+jump
+v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air
+_____
+jury
+n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial
+_____
+just
+ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after
+the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I
+came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")
+_____
+justice
+n. the quality of being right, fair or lawful
+_____
+keep
+v. to possess; to have for oneself
+_____
+kick
+v. to hit with the foot
+_____
+kidnap
+v. to seize and take away by force
+_____
+kill
+v. to make dead; to cause to die
+_____
+kind
+n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful
+_____
+kiss
+v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor
+_____
+knife
+n. a tool or weapon used to cut
+_____
+know
+v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to
+recognize someone because you have met and talked together before
+_____
+knowledge
+n. that which is known; learning or understanding
+_____
+labor
+n. work; workers as a group
+_____
+laboratory
+n. a room or place where experiments in science are done
+_____
+lack
+v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having
+_____
+lake
+n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land
+_____
+land
+v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports.");
+n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground
+_____
+language
+n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or
+group
+_____
+large
+ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite
+small
+_____
+last
+v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all
+others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.")
+_____
+late
+ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early
+_____
+laugh
+v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings
+_____
+launch
+v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space
+_____
+law
+n. all or any rules made by a government
+_____
+lead
+v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first
+_____
+leak
+v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole
+(usually a gas or liquid)
+_____
+learn
+v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts
+_____
+leave
+v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is
+_____
+left
+ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north;
+opposite right
+_____
+legal
+ad. of or in agreement with the law
+_____
+legislature
+n. a government lawmaking group
+_____
+lend
+v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of
+money
+_____
+less
+ad. smaller in amount; not as much
+_____
+let
+v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible
+_____
+letter
+n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to
+another person
+_____
+level
+n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the
+position of something or someone
+_____
+liberal
+ad. one who usually supports social progress or change
+_____
+lie
+v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something
+that one knows is not true
+_____
+life
+n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living
+things
+_____
+lift
+v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level
+_____
+light
+n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see;
+anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy
+_____
+lightning
+n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm
+_____
+like
+v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something;
+ad. in the same way as; similar to
+_____
+limit
+v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number
+permitted
+_____
+line
+n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things
+organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by
+military forces
+_____
+link
+v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation
+between two or more things, situations or events
+_____
+liquid
+n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like
+water
+_____
+list
+v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a
+written series of names or things
+_____
+listen
+v. to try to hear
+_____
+literature
+n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a
+country
+_____
+little
+ad. not tall or big; a small amount
+_____
+live
+v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive
+_____
+load
+v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is
+carried
+_____
+loan
+n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest
+payments; something borrowed
+_____
+local
+ad. about or having to do with one place
+_____
+lonely
+ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a
+lonely man")
+_____
+long
+ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for
+much time
+_____
+look
+v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to
+seem to be
+_____
+lose
+v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated
+_____
+loud
+ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise
+_____
+love
+v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes
+involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something;
+opposite hate
+_____
+low
+ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground
+_____
+loyal
+ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something
+_____
+luck
+n. something that happens by chance
+_____
+machine
+n. a device with moving parts used to do work
+_____
+magazine
+n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information
+_____
+mail
+n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system,
+such as a post office
+_____
+main
+ad. the most important or largest
+_____
+major
+ad. great in size, importance or amount
+_____
+majority
+n. the greater number; more than half
+_____
+make
+v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an
+action; to cause to be or to become
+_____
+male
+n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or
+about men
+_____
+man
+n. an adult male human
+_____
+manufacture
+v. to make goods in large amounts
+_____
+many
+ad. a large number or amount of
+_____
+map
+n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it
+_____
+march
+v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group
+to protest about something
+_____
+mark
+v. to make a sign or cut on something
+_____
+market
+n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic
+system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are
+and how much money people are willing to pay for them
+_____
+marry
+v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become
+husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony)
+_____
+mass
+n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large
+size
+_____
+mate
+v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature
+_____
+material
+n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or
+from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone;
+anything that can be made into something else
+_____
+mathematics
+n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by
+numbers and signs
+_____
+matter
+n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of
+_____
+may
+v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I
+go?" "They may leave tomorrow.")
+_____
+mayor
+n. the chief official of a city or town government
+_____
+meal
+n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner
+_____
+mean
+v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of
+_____
+measure
+v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action
+taken; a legislative proposal
+_____
+meat
+n. the part of a dead animal used for food
+_____
+media
+n. all public information organizations, including newspapers,
+television and radio
+_____
+medicine
+n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or
+study of treating and curing disease or improving health
+_____
+meet
+v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and
+place
+_____
+melt
+v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it
+_____
+member
+n. one of a group
+_____
+memorial
+n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event
+_____
+memory
+n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a
+thing remembered
+_____
+mental
+ad. about or having to do with the mind
+_____
+message
+n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to
+another person or group
+_____
+metal
+n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold
+_____
+method
+n. the way something is done
+_____
+microscope
+n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be
+studied
+_____
+middle
+n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or
+ends; ad. in the center
+_____
+militant
+n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the
+use of force or violence
+_____
+military
+n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed
+forces
+_____
+militia
+n. an army of citizens instead of professional soldiers; an armed
+force or private army
+_____
+milk
+n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young
+_____
+mind
+n. the thinking, feeling part of a person
+_____
+mine
+v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place
+in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the
+ground or under water so it cannot be seen
+_____
+mineral
+n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such
+as coal or salt
+_____
+minister
+n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime
+minister,"foreign minister")
+_____
+minor
+ad. small in size; of little importance
+_____
+minority
+n. the smaller number; opposite majority
+_____
+minute
+n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty
+seconds
+_____
+miss
+v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet
+_____
+missile
+n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes
+when it reaches its target
+_____
+missing
+ad. lost; not found
+_____
+mistake
+n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge
+that it was wrong
+_____
+mix
+v. to put different things together to make one thing
+_____
+mob
+n. a large group of wild or angry people
+_____
+model
+n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something
+will look or work
+_____
+moderate
+ad. not extreme
+_____
+modern
+ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved
+_____
+money
+n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things
+_____
+month
+n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided
+_____
+moon
+n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth
+about every twenty-nine days
+_____
+moral
+ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions
+_____
+more
+ad. greater in size or amount
+_____
+morning
+n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon
+_____
+most
+ad. greatest in size or amount
+_____
+mother
+n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children
+_____
+motion
+n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place
+_____
+mountain
+n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around
+it
+_____
+mourn
+v. to express or feel sadness
+_____
+move
+v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go
+_____
+movement
+n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts
+to reach a goal
+_____
+movie
+n. a motion picture; a film
+_____
+much
+ad. great in amount
+_____
+murder
+v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another
+person
+_____
+music
+n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument
+_____
+must
+v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to
+school.")
+_____
+mystery
+n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a
+secret
+_____
+name
+v. to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word by which a
+person, animal or thing is known or called
+_____
+narrow
+ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from
+one side to the other
+_____
+nation
+n. a country, together with its social and political systems
+_____
+native
+n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there
+_____
+natural
+ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind
+_____
+nature
+n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by
+humans; events or processes not caused by humans
+_____
+navy
+n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea
+_____
+near
+ad. not far; close to
+_____
+necessary
+ad. needed to get a result or effect; required
+_____
+need
+v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do
+_____
+negotiate
+v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution
+_____
+neighbor
+n. a person or country that is next to or near another
+_____
+neither
+ad. not one or the other of two
+_____
+neutral
+ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute
+_____
+never
+ad. at no time; not ever
+_____
+new
+ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built,
+bought or grown; another; different
+_____
+news
+n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the
+media
+_____
+next
+ad. coming immediately after; nearest
+_____
+nice
+ad. pleasing; good; kind
+_____
+night
+n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when
+there is little or no light
+_____
+no
+ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all
+_____
+noise
+n. sound, especially when loud
+_____
+nominate
+v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person
+for an office or position
+_____
+noon
+n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime
+_____
+normal
+n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected
+_____
+north
+n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun
+_____
+not
+ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not
+going.")
+_____
+note
+v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written
+to help a person remember; a short letter
+_____
+nothing
+n. not anything; no thing
+_____
+now
+ad. at this time; immediately
+_____
+nowhere
+ad. not in, to or at any place
+_____
+nuclear
+ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing
+them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from
+atoms
+_____
+number
+n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things
+_____
+obey
+v. to act as one is ordered to act
+_____
+object
+v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something
+not alive that can be seen or touched
+_____
+observe
+v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something
+("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")
+_____
+occupy
+v. to take and hold or to control by force
+_____
+ocean
+n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of
+the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water
+_____
+of
+prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among
+_____
+off
+ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer
+operating or continuing; not on; not connected
+_____
+offensive
+n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking
+_____
+offer
+v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that
+which is presented or proposed
+_____
+office
+n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public
+position to which one is elected or appointed
+_____
+officer
+n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a
+member of a police force
+_____
+official
+n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an
+organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the
+government or someone in power
+_____
+often
+ad. many times
+_____
+oil
+n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily;
+a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel
+_____
+old
+ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years
+_____
+on
+prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book
+is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The
+report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on
+Wednesday.")
+_____
+once
+ad. one time only
+_____
+only
+ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two
+dollars.")
+_____
+open
+v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret
+_____
+operate
+v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons
+_____
+opinion
+n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking
+_____
+oppose
+v. to be against; to fight against
+_____
+opposite
+ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the
+other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.")
+_____
+oppress
+v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel
+force or power
+_____
+or
+conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several
+choices
+_____
+orbit
+v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or
+way an object travels in space around another object or planet
+_____
+order
+v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the
+correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in
+which people obey laws
+_____
+organize
+v. to put in order; to put together into a system
+_____
+other
+ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or
+more ">("That man is short; the other is tall.")
+_____
+our
+ad. of or belonging to us
+_____
+oust
+v. to force to leave; to remove by force
+_____
+out
+ad. away from the inside; opposite of in
+_____
+over
+conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the
+world")
+_____
+overthrow
+v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force
+_____
+owe
+v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something
+received
+_____
+own
+v. to have or possess for oneself
+_____
+pain
+n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body
+_____
+paint
+v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors;
+n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface
+_____
+paper
+n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for
+writing
+_____
+parachute
+n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an
+airplane or helicopter to the ground
+_____
+parade
+n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a
+special event or anniversary
+_____
+pardon
+v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment
+_____
+parent
+n. a father or mother
+_____
+parliament
+n. a government lawmaking group
+_____
+part
+n. something less than the whole; not all of something
+_____
+partner
+n. a person who takes part in some activity in common with another or
+others. (“The two men were business partners.”)
+_____
+party
+n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group
+of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment
+_____
+pass
+v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or
+permit to go
+_____
+passenger
+n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the
+pilot or driver
+_____
+passport
+n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country
+_____
+past
+n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before;
+former
+_____
+path
+n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves
+_____
+patient
+n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
+_____
+pay
+v. to give money for work done or for something bought
+_____
+peace
+n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet
+_____
+people
+n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or
+nation ("the American people")
+_____
+percent
+n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.")
+_____
+perfect
+ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good;
+without mistakes
+_____
+perform
+v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others
+_____
+period
+n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions
+_____
+permanent
+ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time
+_____
+permit
+v. to let; to make possible
+_____
+person
+n. a man, woman or child
+_____
+persuade
+v. to cause someone to do something by explaining or urging. (“The
+police persuaded the criminal to surrender his weapon.”)
+_____
+physical
+ad. of the body
+_____
+physics
+n. the study of motion, matter and energy
+_____
+picture
+n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or
+representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is
+made with a camera
+_____
+piece
+n. a part of something larger
+_____
+pig
+n. a farm animal used for its meat
+_____
+pilot
+n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
+_____
+pipe
+n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas
+_____
+place
+v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space
+where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country
+_____
+plan
+v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing
+something ">("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or
+developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.")
+_____
+planet
+n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")
+_____
+plant
+v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground
+which gets its food from air, water and earth
+_____
+plastic
+n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into
+things
+_____
+play
+v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on
+an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater
+_____
+please
+v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment
+_____
+plenty
+n. all that is needed; a large enough amount
+_____
+plot
+v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or
+illegal
+_____
+poem
+n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express
+emotions
+_____
+point
+v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something
+_____
+poison
+n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health
+_____
+police
+n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping
+order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency
+_____
+policy
+n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make
+decisions in politics, economics or business
+_____
+politics
+n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office
+_____
+pollute
+v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or
+water
+_____
+poor
+n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad
+quality
+_____
+popular
+ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public
+_____
+population
+n. all the people in a place, city or country
+_____
+port
+n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where
+ships can be safe from a storm
+_____
+position
+n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or
+placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization
+_____
+possess
+v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by
+_____
+possible
+ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen
+_____
+postpone
+v. to delay action until a later time
+_____
+pour
+v. to flow; to cause to flow
+_____
+poverty
+n. the condition of being poor
+_____
+power
+n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling
+force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the
+wheel.")
+_____
+praise
+v. to say good things about; to approve
+_____
+pray
+v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit
+_____
+predict
+v. to say what one believes will happen in the future. (“The weather
+scientist predicted a cold winter.”)
+_____
+pregnant
+ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to
+give birth to a baby
+_____
+present
+v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the
+committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their
+anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at
+a place ("I was present at school yesterday.")
+_____
+president
+n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of
+an organization
+_____
+press
+v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications
+_____
+pressure
+n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against
+something else
+_____
+prevent
+v. to keep or stop from going or happening
+_____
+price
+n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered
+for sale
+_____
+prison
+n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime
+_____
+private
+ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public
+_____
+prize
+n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that
+one must work hard for to get
+_____
+probably
+ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible
+_____
+problem
+n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer
+_____
+process
+n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result
+_____
+produce
+v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture
+_____
+profession
+n. a job that requires special training
+_____
+professor
+n. a teacher at a college or university
+_____
+profit
+n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of
+that activity
+_____
+program
+n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or
+show
+_____
+progress
+n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal
+_____
+project
+n. a planned effort to do something
+_____
+promise
+v. to say one will do something; n. a spoken or written agreement to
+do something
+_____
+propaganda
+n. ideas or information used to influence opinions
+_____
+property
+n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods
+_____
+propose
+v. to present or offer for consideration
+_____
+protect
+v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged
+_____
+protest
+v. to speak against; to object
+_____
+prove
+v. to show to be true
+_____
+provide
+v. to give something needed or wanted
+_____
+public
+ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite
+private
+_____
+publication
+n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine
+_____
+publish
+v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a
+book, newspaper or magazine
+_____
+pull
+v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the
+force; opposite push
+_____
+pump
+v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through
+_____
+punish
+v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal
+_____
+purchase
+v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which
+is bought
+_____
+pure
+ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean
+_____
+purpose
+n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal
+_____
+push
+v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using
+the force; opposite pull
+_____
+put
+v. to place; to set in position
+_____
+quality
+n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality
+of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their
+goods are of the highest quality.")
+_____
+question
+v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used
+in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed
+_____
+quick
+ad. fast
+_____
+quiet
+ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm
+_____
+race
+v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can
+move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one
+of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a
+common physical similarity, such as skin color
+_____
+radar
+n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of
+objects that may be too far away to be seen
+_____
+radiation
+n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy
+from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous
+_____
+radio
+n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the
+air without wires
+_____
+raid
+v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act
+of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something
+_____
+railroad
+n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its
+stations and equipment
+_____
+rain
+n. water falling from the sky
+_____
+raise
+v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to
+increase
+_____
+rape
+v. to carry out a sexual attack by force against a person
+_____
+rare
+ad. not common; not usual; not often
+_____
+rate
+n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the
+price of any thing or service that is bought or sold
+_____
+reach
+v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to
+_____
+react
+v. to act as a result of or in answer to
+_____
+read
+v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers
+_____
+ready
+ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing
+_____
+real
+ad. true; truly existing; not false
+_____
+realistic
+ad. in agreement with the way things are
+_____
+reason
+n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains
+_____
+reasonable
+ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing
+to compromise
+_____
+rebel
+v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse
+to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or
+her country
+_____
+receive
+v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent
+_____
+recent
+ad. a short time ago
+_____
+recession
+n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce
+less and many workers lose their jobs
+_____
+recognize
+v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known
+about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and
+establish diplomatic ties with its government
+_____
+record
+v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound
+or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a
+writing that shows proof or facts about something
+_____
+recover
+v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The
+police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or
+normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.")
+_____
+red
+ad. having the color like that of blood
+_____
+reduce
+v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut
+_____
+reform
+v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better
+condition
+_____
+refugee
+n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment,
+danger or war
+_____
+refuse
+v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something
+_____
+register
+v. to have one’s name officially placed on a list of people permitted
+to vote in an election or take part in an educational program
+_____
+regret
+n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that
+happens
+_____
+reject
+v. to refuse to accept, use or believe
+_____
+relations
+n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family;
+people connected by marriage or family ties
+_____
+release
+v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public
+_____
+religion
+n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods
+_____
+remain
+v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same
+_____
+remains
+n. a dead body
+_____
+remember
+v. to think about the past; opposite forget
+_____
+remove
+v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a
+position or office
+_____
+repair
+n. work done to fix something
+_____
+repeat
+v. to say or do again
+_____
+report
+v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n.
+the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a
+statement in which the facts may not be confirmed
+_____
+represent
+v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as
+an example
+_____
+repress
+v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force
+_____
+request
+v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for
+_____
+require
+v. to need or demand as necessary
+_____
+rescue
+v. to free from danger or evil
+_____
+research
+n. a careful study to discover correct information
+_____
+resign
+v. to leave a position, job or office
+_____
+resist
+v. to oppose; to fight to prevent
+_____
+resolution
+n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually
+reached by voting
+_____
+resource
+n. anything of value that can be used or sold
+_____
+respect
+v. to feel or show honor to a person or thing (“All citizens should
+respect the law.”)
+_____
+responsible
+ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the
+report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the
+accident.")
+_____
+rest
+v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which
+remains; the others
+_____
+restaurant
+n. a place where people can buy and eat meals
+_____
+restrain
+v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group
+_____
+restrict
+v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger
+_____
+result
+v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a
+cause; effect
+_____
+retire
+v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health
+_____
+return
+v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back
+_____
+revolt
+v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of
+government
+_____
+rice
+n. a food grain
+_____
+rich
+ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something
+_____
+ride
+v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled
+vehicle, airplane or boat
+_____
+right
+n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It
+is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct;
+opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing
+north; opposite left
+_____
+riot
+v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a
+violent action by a large group of people
+_____
+rise
+v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of
+sitting or lying to a position of standing
+_____
+risk
+n. the chance of loss, damage or injury
+_____
+river
+n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river,
+a lake or an ocean
+_____
+road
+n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can
+walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other
+_____
+rob
+v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal
+_____
+rock
+n. a hard piece of mineral matter
+_____
+rocket
+n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by
+burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom,
+sometimes used as a weapon
+_____
+roll
+v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball
+_____
+room
+n. a separate area within a building with its own walls
+_____
+root
+n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients
+from the soil
+_____
+rope
+n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of
+material, used for tying
+_____
+rough
+ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made
+well
+_____
+round
+ad. having the shape of a ball or circle
+_____
+rub
+v. to move something over the surface of another thing
+_____
+rubber
+n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a
+similar substance made from chemicals
+_____
+ruin
+v. to damage severely; to destroy
+_____
+rule
+v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that
+says how something must be done
+_____
+run
+v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking
+_____
+rural
+ad. describing areas away from cities which may include farms, small
+towns and unpopulated areas
+_____
+sabotage
+v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation
+("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.")
+_____
+sacrifice
+v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea,
+goal or another person
+_____
+sad
+ad. not happy
+_____
+safe
+ad. away from harm or danger
+_____
+sail
+v. to travel by boat or ship
+_____
+sailor
+n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship
+_____
+salt
+n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to
+affect the taste of food
+_____
+same
+ad. not different; not changed; like another or others
+_____
+sand
+n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in
+deserts and on coasts
+_____
+satellite
+n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an
+object placed in orbit around the earth
+_____
+satisfy
+v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded
+_____
+save
+v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use
+_____
+say
+v. to speak; to express in words
+_____
+school
+n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn
+_____
+science
+n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the
+knowledge gained about them
+_____
+sea
+n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean
+_____
+search
+v. to look for carefully
+_____
+season
+n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's
+position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of
+time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy
+season"); a period during the year when something usually happens
+("baseball season")
+_____
+seat
+n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a
+seat in parliament")
+_____
+second
+ad. the one that comes after the first
+_____
+secret
+n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad.
+hidden from others; known only to a few
+_____
+security
+n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to
+protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")
+_____
+see
+v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know
+_____
+seed
+n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow
+_____
+seek(ing)
+v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to
+get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do
+("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")
+_____
+seem
+v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")
+_____
+seize
+v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest
+_____
+self
+n. all that which makes one person different from others
+_____
+sell
+v. to give something in exchange for money
+_____
+Senate
+n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries,
+such as in the United States Congress
+_____
+send
+v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or
+directed to or away from a place
+_____
+sense
+v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n.
+any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel
+_____
+sentence
+v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a
+crime
+_____
+separate
+v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent
+from others; ad. not together or connected; different
+_____
+series
+n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another
+in time, position or order
+_____
+serious
+ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous
+_____
+serve
+v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist
+or help
+_____
+service
+n. an organization or system that provides something for the public
+("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an
+organization or business can do for money; military organizations such
+as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony
+_____
+set
+v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit
+_____
+settle
+v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a
+new place
+_____
+several
+ad. three or more, but not many
+_____
+severe
+ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage
+_____
+sex
+n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals
+are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical
+activity by which humans and animals can produce young
+_____
+shake
+v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements
+_____
+shape
+v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks
+_____
+share
+v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging
+to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the
+equal parts of ownership of a business or company
+_____
+sharp
+ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing
+hurt or pain
+_____
+she
+pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about
+_____
+sheep
+n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair
+_____
+shell
+v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large
+gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover
+_____
+shelter
+v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives
+protection; a place of safety
+_____
+shine
+v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to
+make bright
+_____
+ship
+v. to transport; n. a large boat
+_____
+shock
+v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly
+affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake
+_____
+shoe
+n. a covering for the foot
+_____
+shoot
+v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to
+kill; to use a gun
+_____
+short
+ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall
+_____
+should
+v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We
+should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that
+something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be
+punished.")
+_____
+shout
+v. to speak very loudly
+_____
+show
+v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story
+presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for
+enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public
+_____
+shrink
+v. to make or become less in size, weight or value
+_____
+sick
+ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem;
+not in good health
+_____
+sickness
+n. the condition of being in bad health
+_____
+side
+n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom;
+parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body
+_____
+sign
+v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something;
+evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of
+material with writing that gives information
+_____
+signal
+v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a
+message
+_____
+silence
+v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of
+noise or sound
+_____
+silver
+n. a valued white metal
+_____
+similar
+ad. like something else but not exactly the same
+_____
+simple
+ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex
+_____
+since
+prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we
+went to school together.")
+_____
+sing
+v. to make music sounds with the voice
+_____
+single
+ad. one only
+_____
+sink
+v. to go down into water or other liquid
+_____
+sister
+n. a female with the same father or mother as another person
+_____
+sit
+v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the
+legs; to become seated
+_____
+situation
+n. the way things are during a period of time
+_____
+size
+n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something
+is
+_____
+skeleton
+n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal
+positions
+_____
+skill
+n. the ability gained from training or experience
+_____
+skin
+n. the outer covering of humans and most animals
+_____
+sky
+n. the space above the earth
+_____
+slave
+n. a person owned or controlled by another
+_____
+sleep
+v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed
+_____
+slide
+v. to move smoothly over a surface
+_____
+slow
+v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other
+activities
+_____
+small
+ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite
+large
+_____
+smash
+v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move
+with >force
+_____
+smell
+v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the
+smell of food cooking")
+_____
+smoke
+v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and
+breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air
+like a cloud from something burning
+_____
+smooth
+ad. having a level surface; opposite rough
+_____
+snow
+n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually
+in winter or when the air temperature is very cold
+_____
+so
+ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it.");
+also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick.");
+as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in
+order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the
+plans.")
+_____
+social
+ad. of or about people or a group
+_____
+soft
+ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud
+_____
+soil
+n. earth in which plants grow
+_____
+soldier
+n. a person in the army
+_____
+solid
+ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in
+the form of a liquid or gas
+_____
+solve
+v. to find an answer; to settle
+_____
+some
+ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all
+_____
+son
+n. a person's male child
+_____
+soon
+ad. not long after the present time; quickly
+_____
+sort
+n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in
+some way; a kind of something
+_____
+sound
+n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in
+hearing; that which is heard
+_____
+south
+n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun
+_____
+space
+n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon,
+planets and stars are; the area between or inside things
+_____
+speak
+v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to
+others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group
+_____
+special
+ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or
+more important than others of the same kind
+_____
+speech
+n. a talk given to a group of people
+_____
+speed
+v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something
+moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done
+_____
+spend
+v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.")
+_____
+spill
+v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident
+_____
+spirit
+n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to
+thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain
+alive after death
+_____
+split
+v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts
+_____
+sport
+n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or
+skill
+_____
+spread
+v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known
+_____
+spring
+n. the time of the year between winter and summer
+_____
+spy
+v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others
+secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information
+about another country
+_____
+square
+n. a flat shape having four equal sides
+_____
+stab
+v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon
+_____
+stand
+v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a
+surface; to be in one position or place
+_____
+star
+n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at
+night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or
+singer
+_____
+start
+v. to begin; to make something begin
+_____
+starve
+v. to suffer or die from a lack of food
+_____
+state
+v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation
+_____
+station
+n. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place
+where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or
+television broadcasts
+_____
+statue
+n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone,
+wood or metal
+_____
+stay
+v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live
+for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.")
+_____
+steal
+v. to take without permission or paying
+_____
+steam
+n. the gas that comes from hot water
+_____
+steel
+n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances
+_____
+step
+v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n.
+the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a
+goal
+_____
+stick
+v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will
+hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement
+is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece
+of wood
+_____
+still
+ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a
+stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was
+difficult, but she still wanted to do it.")
+_____
+stone
+n. a small piece of rock
+_____
+stop
+v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end
+_____
+store
+v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy
+things
+_____
+storm
+n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow
+_____
+story
+n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined
+_____
+stove
+n. a heating device used for cooking
+_____
+straight
+ad. continuing in one direction without turns
+_____
+strange
+ad. unusual; not normal; not known
+_____
+street
+n. a road in a city, town or village
+_____
+stretch
+v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider
+_____
+strike
+v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions,
+more pay or to make other demands
+_____
+strong
+ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed
+_____
+structure
+n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is
+formed or organized in a special way; a building
+_____
+struggle
+v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight
+_____
+study
+v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine
+carefully
+_____
+stupid
+ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent
+_____
+subject
+n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about
+_____
+submarine
+n. an underwater ship
+_____
+substance
+n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)
+_____
+substitute
+v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used
+in place of another
+_____
+subversion
+n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government,
+usually secretly
+_____
+succeed
+v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result
+_____
+such
+ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to
+_____
+sudden
+ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or
+without preparation
+_____
+suffer
+v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or
+sadness
+_____
+sugar
+n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants
+_____
+suggest
+v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider
+_____
+suicide
+n. the act of killing oneself
+_____
+summer
+n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn
+_____
+sun
+n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth
+_____
+supervise
+v. to direct and observe the work of others
+_____
+supply
+v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given
+or sold to others
+_____
+support
+v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with
+others and help them reach a goal; to approve
+_____
+suppose
+v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to
+expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.")
+_____
+suppress
+v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from
+being known publicly
+_____
+sure
+ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question
+_____
+surface
+n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the
+surface of the moon.")
+_____
+surplus
+n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a
+trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.")
+_____
+surprise
+v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n.
+something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected
+_____
+surrender
+v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others;
+to stop fighting and admit defeat
+_____
+surround
+v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or
+something
+_____
+survive
+v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation
+_____
+suspect
+v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or
+illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty
+_____
+suspend
+v. to cause to stop for a period of time
+_____
+swallow
+v. to take into the stomach through the mouth
+_____
+swear in
+v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to
+carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in
+the president.")
+_____
+sweet
+ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar
+_____
+swim
+v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs
+_____
+sympathy
+n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually
+feelings of sadness
+_____
+system
+n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a
+plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a
+common purpose or goal
+_____
+take
+v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move
+it to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to
+begin to be in control ("The president takes office tomorrow.")
+_____
+talk
+v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion
+_____
+tall
+ad. higher than others; opposite short
+_____
+tank
+n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle
+with guns
+_____
+target
+n. any person or object aimed at or fired at
+_____
+taste
+v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.")
+_____
+tax
+n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the
+government can provide services
+_____
+tea
+n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
+_____
+teach
+v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to
+understand
+_____
+team
+n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports
+_____
+tear
+v. to pull apart, often by force
+_____
+technical
+ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry,
+transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of
+subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this
+system works.")
+_____
+technology
+n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and
+services
+_____
+telephone
+n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over
+distances
+_____
+telescope
+n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and
+larger
+_____
+television
+n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into
+pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by
+electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on
+a receiver
+_____
+tell
+v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to
+command
+_____
+temperature
+n. the measurement of heat and cold
+_____
+temporary
+ad. lasting only a short time
+_____
+tense
+ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm
+_____
+term
+n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries
+out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the
+conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved
+in it
+_____
+terrible
+ad. very bad; causing terror or fear
+_____
+territory
+n. a large area of land
+_____
+terror
+n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear
+_____
+terrorist
+n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a
+way to influence a government
+_____
+test
+v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will
+act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine
+soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how
+it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes
+place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a
+person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.")
+_____
+than
+conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are
+not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.")
+_____
+thank
+v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that
+person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.")
+_____
+that
+ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man
+is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about
+("The building that I saw was very large.")
+_____
+the
+pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing
+that is known about or is being spoken about
+_____
+theater
+n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed
+_____
+them
+pro. other people being spoken about
+_____
+then
+ad. at that time; existing; and so
+_____
+theory
+n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something
+happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven
+("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of
+dinosaurs.")
+_____
+there
+ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place
+_____
+these
+pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been
+spoken about already
+_____
+they
+pro. those ones being spoken about
+_____
+thick
+ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall
+is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest
+is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow
+easily; opposite thin
+_____
+thin
+ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat;
+not wide; opposite thick
+_____
+thing
+n. any object
+_____
+think
+v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to
+believe
+_____
+third
+ad. coming after two others
+_____
+this
+pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been
+spoken about already
+_____
+threaten
+v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage
+_____
+through
+prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top
+to bottom; with the help of; by
+_____
+throw
+v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm
+_____
+tie
+v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins
+or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade
+ties.")
+_____
+time
+n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period
+that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a
+period when an event should or will take place
+_____
+tired
+ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or
+rest
+_____
+to
+prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place
+toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose
+_____
+today
+n. this day
+_____
+together
+ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation
+_____
+tomorrow
+n. the day after today
+_____
+tonight
+n. this night
+_____
+too
+ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary
+_____
+tool
+n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work
+_____
+top
+n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something
+_____
+torture
+v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to
+harm, to punish or to get information from
+_____
+total
+n. the complete amount
+_____
+touch
+v. to put the hand or fingers on
+_____
+toward
+prep. in the direction of; leading to
+_____
+town
+n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large
+as a city
+_____
+trade
+v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity
+of buying, selling or exchanging products or services
+_____
+tradition
+n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time
+_____
+traffic
+n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or
+waterway
+_____
+tragic
+ad. extremely sad; terrible
+_____
+train
+v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity;
+n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad
+_____
+transport
+v. to move goods or people from one place to another
+_____
+transportation
+n. the act or business of moving goods or people
+_____
+trap
+v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or
+escape; n. a device used to catch animals
+_____
+travel
+v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance
+_____
+treason
+n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its
+enemies
+_____
+treasure
+n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value
+_____
+treat
+v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure
+_____
+treatment
+n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make
+better
+_____
+treaty
+n. a written agreement between two or more nations
+_____
+tree
+n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves
+_____
+trial
+n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a
+charge is true
+_____
+tribe
+n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader
+_____
+trick
+v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or
+her do something
+_____
+trip
+n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance
+_____
+troops
+n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group
+_____
+trouble
+n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems
+_____
+truce
+n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved
+_____
+truck
+n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods
+_____
+true
+ad. correct; not false
+_____
+trust
+v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm
+_____
+try
+v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide
+if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime
+_____
+tube
+n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a
+long, thin container in which they can be kept
+_____
+turn
+v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change
+color, form or shape
+_____
+under
+prep. below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law,
+agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action
+is not permitted under the law.")
+_____
+understand
+v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of
+_____
+unite
+v. to join together
+_____
+universe
+n. all of space, including planets and stars
+_____
+university
+n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and
+research organizations
+_____
+unless
+conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless
+the rain stops.")
+_____
+until
+conj. up to a time; before
+_____
+up
+ad. to, in or at a higher position or value
+_____
+urge
+v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do
+something
+_____
+urgent
+ad. needing an immediate decision or action
+_____
+us
+pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he
+would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us
+yesterday.")
+_____
+use
+v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action
+_____
+usual
+ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard
+_____
+vacation
+n. a holiday; a period of time for travel, pleasure or rest,
+especially one with pay given to an employee
+_____
+vaccine
+n. a substance containing killed or weakened organisms given to a
+person or animal to produce protection against a disease
+_____
+valley
+n. a long area of land between higher areas of land
+_____
+value
+n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of
+money that could be received if something is sold
+_____
+vegetable
+n. a plant grown for food
+_____
+vehicle
+n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be
+transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck
+_____
+version
+n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later
+forms
+_____
+very
+ad. extremely ("He was very late.")
+_____
+veto
+v. to reject or refuse to approve
+_____
+victim
+n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer;
+someone who is tricked
+_____
+victory
+n. a success in a fight or competition
+_____
+video
+n. a method of recording images and sound without a traditional film
+camera to be shown on a television, computer or other device
+_____
+village
+n. a very small town
+_____
+violate
+v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)
+_____
+violence
+n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage
+_____
+visa
+n. the official permission given to a person to enter a country where
+he or she is not a citizen
+_____
+visit
+v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or
+business reasons
+_____
+voice
+n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking
+_____
+volcano
+n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can
+explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air
+_____
+volunteer
+n. a person who chooses to do something without being asked, usually
+without being paid
+_____
+vote
+v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision
+expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing
+_____
+wages
+n. money received for work done
+_____
+wait
+v. to delay acting; to postpone
+_____
+walk
+v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other
+_____
+wall
+n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other
+material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land
+_____
+want
+v. to desire; to wish for; to need
+_____
+war
+n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons
+_____
+warm
+ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat
+_____
+warn
+v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad
+that may happen
+_____
+wash
+v. to make clean, usually with water
+_____
+waste
+v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a
+spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned;
+something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid
+substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the
+body
+_____
+watch
+v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for
+_____
+water
+n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes,
+rivers and oceans
+_____
+wave
+v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the
+wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large
+mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean
+_____
+way
+n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method
+_____
+we
+pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I
+will go together, and we will return together.")
+_____
+weak
+ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite
+strong
+_____
+wealth
+n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value
+_____
+weapon
+n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or
+war
+_____
+wear
+v. to have on the body, as clothes
+_____
+weather
+n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain,
+heat or cold
+_____
+Web site
+n. a collection of information prepared by a person or organization on
+the World Wide Web of the Internet
+_____
+week
+n. a period of time equal to seven days
+_____
+weigh
+v. to measure how heavy someone or something is
+_____
+welcome
+v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something
+develops
+_____
+well
+ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in
+the ground where water, gas or oil can be found
+_____
+west
+n. the direction in which the sun goes down
+_____
+wet
+ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry
+_____
+what
+pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about
+something ("What is this?"); ad. which or which kind ("He wants to
+know what you would like to drink.")
+_____
+wheat
+n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain
+_____
+wheel
+n. a round structure that turns around a center
+_____
+when
+ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj.
+during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.")
+_____
+where
+ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house
+where he lives is in the old part of the city.")
+_____
+whether
+conj. if it be the case or fact that (“He did not know whether he was
+right or wrong.”)
+_____
+which
+pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or
+people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take
+the test?")
+_____
+while
+n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at
+or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you
+are running.")
+_____
+white
+ad. having the color like that of milk or snow
+_____
+who
+pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the
+person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.")
+_____
+whole
+ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into
+pieces
+_____
+why
+ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason
+for which ("I do not know why she did it.")
+_____
+wide
+ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited
+_____
+wife
+n. a woman who is married
+_____
+wild
+ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or
+supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled
+_____
+will
+v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will
+hold talks tomorrow.")
+_____
+willing
+ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about
+the problem.")
+_____
+win
+v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition,
+election or battle
+_____
+wind
+n. a strong movement of air
+_____
+window
+n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with
+glass
+_____
+winter
+n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring
+_____
+wire
+n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry
+electricity or electronic communications from one place to another
+_____
+wise
+ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and
+understanding to make good or correct decisions
+_____
+wish
+v. to want; to express a desire for
+_____
+with
+prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a
+tool."); having ("the house with the red door")
+_____
+withdraw
+v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove
+_____
+without
+prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing
+_____
+witness
+n. a person who saw and can tell about an action or event, sometimes
+in a court of law
+_____
+woman
+n. an adult female human
+_____
+wonder
+v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a
+feeling of surprise
+_____
+wonderful
+ad. causing wonder; especially good
+_____
+wood
+n. the solid material of which trees are made
+_____
+word
+n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language
+_____
+work
+v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the
+effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the
+job one does to earn money
+_____
+world
+n. the earth; the people who live on the earth
+_____
+worry
+v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad,
+can happen
+_____
+worse
+ad. more bad than
+_____
+worth
+n. value measured in money
+_____
+wound
+v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal;
+n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is
+usually cut or broken
+_____
+wreck
+v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly
+damaged or broken
+_____
+wreckage
+n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed
+_____
+write
+v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as
+paper
+_____
+wrong
+ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right
+_____
+year
+n. a period of time equal to twelve months
+_____
+yellow
+ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun
+_____
+yes
+ad. used to express agreement or to permit
+_____
+yesterday
+n. the day before today
+_____
+yet
+ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this
+time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was
+shining, yet it was cold.")
+_____
+you
+pro. the person or persons being spoken to
+_____
+young
+ad. in the early years of life; not old
+_____
+zero
+n. the number meaning none or nothing
+_____
+zoo
+n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study

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