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========================
 English pronunciation.
========================
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   :local:

Allophone.
==========

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allophone
    Is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds (or phones) or
    signs used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language.

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology#Allophony
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allophone#English
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology#Allophones_of_consonants
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology#Allophones_of_vowels

Russian analog
==============

``[æ]``::

  пять [pʲætʲ]


Exercises
=========

[iː] vs [ɪ]
-----------
::

  These six silly sisters are sweet to meet.
  [ðiːz sɪks sɪlɪ sɪstə aː swiːt tuː miːt]

  sheep [ʃiːp]       ship [ʃɪp]
  heat [hiːt]        hit [hɪt]
  feet [fiːt]        fit [fɪt]
  cheap [ʧiːp]       chip [ʧɪp]
  eel [iːl]          ill [ɪl]
  receive [rɪˈsɪːv]  sieve [sɪv]
  leave [liːv]       live [lɪv]
  peach [piːʧ]       pitch [pɪʧ]
  litre [liːtər]     litter [lɪtər]
  leap [liːp]        lip [lɪp]
  wheel [wiːl]       will [wɪl]
  seek [siːk]        sick [sɪk]

[ɪ] vs [e]
----------
::

  Did Ed wed Liz or did Liz wed Ted?
  tin [tɪn]   ten [ten]
  hill [hɪl]  hell [hel]
  did [dɪd]   dead [ded]
  bid [bɪd]   bed [bed]
  middle [mɪdle]  medal [medl]
  fill [fɪl]  fell [fel]
  pin [pɪn]   pen [pen]

[e] vs [æ]
----------
::

  I bet you bat better then your fans in the fens.
  head  [hɛd]    had   [hæd]
  shell [ʃɛl]    shall [ʃæl]
  net   [nɛt]    gnat  [næt]
  end   [ɛnd]    and   [ænd]
  expensive [ɪkˈspɛnsɪv] expansive [ɪkˈspænsɪv]

[æ] vs [ʌ]
----------
::

  Cut the cackle and come up with the cash!
  cat [cæt]      cut [kʌt]
  cap [cæp]      cup [kʌp]
  dam [dæm]      dumb [dʌm]
  stamp [stæmp]  stump [stʌmp]
  ankle [əŋkəl]  uncle [ʌŋkəl]
  bat [bæt]      but [bʌt]
  swam [swæm]    swum [swʌm]
  bank [bænk]    bunk [bʌnk]

[æ] vs [aː]
-----------
::

  My hard hearted aunt had a fat cat in her flat.
  cat    cart
  hat    heart
  had    hard
  am     arm
  chat   chart

[æ] vs [eə]
-----------
::

   dad [dæd]     dared [deəd]
   glad [ɡlæd]   glared [ɡleəd]
   marry [mæri]  Mary [meəri]

[eɪ] vs [iː]
------------
::

   ate [eɪt]      eat [iːt]
   faced [feɪst]  feast [fiːst]
   great [ɡreɪt]  greet [ɡriːt]
   mate [meɪt]    meet [miːt]

[əʊ] vs [ɔː]
------------
::

   coat [kəʊt]   caught [kɔːt]
   dough [dəʊ]   door [dɔːr]
   sew [səʊ]     saw [sɔː]
   flow [fləʊ]   floor [flɔːr]

[w] vs [v]
----------
::

   wet [wet]  vet [vet]
   werse [wɜrs]  verse [vɜrs]
   while [waɪl]  vile [vaɪl]
   west [west]  vest [vest]
   wery [weri]  very [very]

[r] vs [l]
----------
::

   wrong [rɒŋ]         long [lɒŋ]
   royal [rɔɪjəl]      loyal [lɔɪjəl]
   missread [mɪsˈred]  missled [mɪsˈled]
   pirate [paɪrət]     pilot [paɪlət]
   pray [praɪ]         play [plaɪ]
   red [red]           led [led]
   crime [kraɪm]       climb [claɪm]
   crash [kræʃ]        clash [klæʃ]
   rice [raɪs]         lice [laɪs]
   rock [rɒk]          lock [lɒk]

[n] vs [ŋ]
----------
::

   ran [ræn]  rang [ræŋ]
   son [sʌn]  sung [sʌŋ]
   pin [pɪn]  ping [pɪŋ]
   thin [θɪn]  thing [θɪŋ]
   wind [wɪnd] winged [wɪŋd]

[m] vs [n]
----------
::

   sum [sʌm]  sun [sʌn]  sung [sʌŋ]
   rum [rʌm]  run [rʌn]  rung [rʌŋ]

[s] vs [z]
----------
::

   buzz [bʌz]    bus [bʌs]
   rise [raɪz]   rice [raɪs]
   zip [zɪp]     sip [sɪp]
   lazy [leɪzɪ]  lacy [leɪsi]
   his [hɪz]     hiss [hɪs]
   cause [cɔːz]  course [kɔːrs]
   plays [pleiz]  place [pleɪs]
   grows [ɡrəʊz]  gross [ɡrəʊs]

[ʃ] vs [s]
----------
::

   ship [ʃɪp]  sip [sɪp]
   show [ʃəʊ]  so [səʊ]
   shy [ʃaɪ]   sigh [saɪ]
   chauffeur [ʃəʊfər]  sofa [səʊfə]
   shock [ʃɒk]  sock [sɒk]

[v] vs [f]
----------
::

   vault [vɔːlt]     fault [fɔːlt]
   believe [bɪliːv]  belief [bɪliːf]
   live [laɪv]       life [laɪf]
   van [væn]         fan [fæn]
   leave [liːv]      leaf [liːf]
   of [ɒv]           off [ɒf]
   rival [raɪvəl]    rifle [raɪfəl]

[v] vs [b]
----------
::

   very [ˈveri]  berry [ˈberi]

[d] vs [t]
----------
::

   dame [daɪm]    tame [taɪm]
   doom [duːm]    tomb [tuːm]
   medal [medəl]  metal [metəl]
   heard [hɜːrd]  hurt [hɜːrt]
   din [dɪn]      tin [tɪn]
   do [duː]       to [tuː]
   down [daʊn]    town [taʊn]
   aid [eɪd]      eight [eɪt]
   bed [bed]      bet [bet]

[b] vs [p]
----------
::

   back [bæk]       pack [pæk]
   cab [cæb]        cap [kæp]
   symbol [sɪmbəl]  simple [sɪmpəl]
   bare [beə]       pair [peə]
   bunch [bʌnʧ]     punch [pʌnʧ]
   bump [bʌmp]      pump [pʌmp]
   bull [bʊl]       pull [pʊl]

[ɡ] vs [k]
----------
::

   glue [ɡluː]    clue [kluː]
   ghost [ɡəʊst]  coast [kəʊst]
   log [lɒɡ]      lock [lɒk]
   pig [pɪɡ]      pick [pɪk]
   game [ɡeIm]    came [keɪm]
   gauge [ɡeɪdʒ]  cage [keɪdɡ]
   galleries [ɡæləriːz]  calories [kæləriːz]

[ʧ] vs [dʒ]
-----------
::

   choke [ʧəʊk]  joke [dʒəʊk]
   chunk [ʧʌnk]  junk [dʒʌŋk]
   rich [rɪʧ]    ridge [rɪdʒ]
   lunch [lʌnʧ]  lunge [lʌndʒ]
   search [sɜːrʧ]  surge [sɜːrdʒ]