--- a/www/MISC.rst	Thu Oct 13 21:45:23 2016 +0300
+++ b/www/MISC.rst	Thu Oct 13 21:49:30 2016 +0300
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 ========
 
  * `IPA conventions <IPA.html>`_.
- * `English punctuation <en-punctuation_en.html>`_.
+ * `English punctuation <en-punctuation.html>`_.
  * `English pronunciation <en-pronunciation_ru.html>`_.
  * `English suffixes <en-suffixes.html>`_.
  * `English pronunciation  training exercise <en-pronunciation_en.html>`_.

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/www/en-punctuation.rst	Thu Oct 13 21:49:30 2016 +0300
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+===========================
+ English Punctuation Guide
+===========================
+.. contents::
+   :local:
+
+Punctuation symbol
+==================
+
+``.`` full stop (period USA)
+
+``?`` question mark
+
+``!`` exclamation mark
+
+``""`` single quotation marks
+
+``''`` double quotation marks
+
+````` apostrophe
+
+``-`` hyphen
+
+``,`` comma
+
+``:`` colon
+
+``;`` semicolon
+
+``...`` ellipsis
+
+General rules
+=============
+
+ * Put end-of-sentence punctuation inside quotation marks.
+ * Put commas and other sentence punctuation outside of parentheses.
+ * Put a comma (plus a space) before conjunction.
+ * The semicolon ``;`` is not widely used in English.
+
+Capital letter
+==============
+
+ 1. A capital is used for the first letter of a new sentence, of quoted
+    speech or proper nouns.
+ 2. The first letter of a sentence does not need to be capitalized if it
+    is included in parenthesis within another sentence.
+ 3. A capital letter is always used for the first person singular
+    subjective personal pronoun I.
+ 4. A capital is used for the first letter of key words in headings and
+    titles. If such titles are hyphenated then both components are given
+    capitalized first letters.
+ 5. A capital is used for the first letter of key words in historical
+    events.
+ 6. A capital is used for the first letter of religions and many other
+    religious words.
+ 7. A capital is used for the first letter of names of months and days of
+    the week, but not of seasons.
+ 8. Holidays should also be capitalized.
+
+Examples::
+
+  [3] My boss and I agreed that I should make up for the time I  had lost.
+  [4] The Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries
+  [4] The Centers for Disease Control
+  [4] Vice-President Dick Cheney
+  [5] The Battle of Waterloo
+  [5] The Great Fire of London
+  [6] Devout Christians do daily Bible study.
+  [7] After a long, hot summer she married him on a sultry Saturday in September.
+  [8] January 1 is New Year's Day.
+
+Spaces
+======
+
+ * Put one space after punctuation.
+ * Put no spaces before punctuation, but always put a space between words.
+ * Put no spaces after periods inside abbreviations.
+ * Put no space before or after an apostrophe.
+ * Put no space on the "inside" of quotation marks (often called "quotes").
+ * Put no space on the "inside" of parentheses.
+
+Exclamation mark, ``!``
+=======================
+
+* Exclamation marks act as a full stop.
+* An exclamation mark is most often used to show shock, surprise, horror or
+  pleasure.
+* Put space after an exclamation mark, not before.
+
+Examples::
+
+  Oh! Wow! Brilliant!
+  It was shocking!
+
+Apostrophe, ``'``
+=================
+
+ * Apostrophes next to the letter ('s) indicate possession or belonging.
+ * They are also used to show missing letters in shortened words, especially in
+   informal writing.
+ * No space is needed before or after the apostrophe.
+
+Examples::
+
+  This is Lynne's web site.
+  It's a nice day today, isn't it? I've got an idea. Let's go out.
+
+Comma, ``,``
+============
+
+ 1. Separate items in long lists.
+ 2. Commas point out brief pauses in a complex sentence or a long
+    prepositional phrase.
+ 3. Comma is included before the conjunction 'and' which comes before
+    the final element of a list (for purists).
+ 4. Introduce a direct quote.
+ 5. Separate appositives (a noun, or noun phrase) or non-defining
+    relative clauses.
+ 6. Use a comma if your subject has two or more adjectives describing it.
+ 7. You do not put a space before a comma, but you do need a space after one.
+ 8. We don't usually put a comma before the word 'and'.
+
+Examples::
+
+  [1] There were a lot of people in the room, teachers, students and parents.
+  [2] The teachers were sitting, the students were listening and the parents
+      were just worrying.
+  [2] Although he wanted to come, he wasn't able to attend the course.
+  [3] I like reading, listening to music, and visiting with my friends.
+  [4] The boy said, "My father is often away during the week on business trips."
+  [4] His doctor replied, "If you don't stop smoking, you run the risk of a
+      heart attack."
+  [5] Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, comes from Seattle.
+  [5] My only sister, who is a fantastic tennis player, is in great shape.
+  [6] The powerful, resonating sound caught our attention.
+
+Colon, ``:``
+============
+
+ 1. Colons precede a list, an explanation or an example.
+ 2. The colon is used to separate two main clauses where the first is an
+    introduction to the second.
+ 3. To introduce a direct quote (a comma can also be used in this
+    situation).
+ 4. You do not put a space before a colon, but you do need a space after
+    one.
+
+Examples::
+
+  [1] There are two main shopping areas in Nottingham: Broadmarsh Centre and
+      Victoria Centre.
+  [2] The pilot had an awful realization: he had forgotten to turn off the gas
+      at breakfast time.
+  [3] He announced to his friends: "I'm getting married!"
+
+Full stop (period), ``.``
+=========================
+
+ 1. Full stops (periods in the USA) go at the end of sentences that are
+    statements.
+ 2. They are also used to mark abbreviations. If such an abbreviation occurs at
+    the very end of a sentence, the final dot is not written twice.
+ 3. You do not put a space before a full stop, but after one.
+
+Examples::
+
+  [1] My name is Lynn. I am a teacher.
+  [2] An overhead projector is often referred to as an O.H.P.
+
+Hyphen, ``-``
+=============
+
+* Hyphens are used to connect words or syllables, or to divide words into parts.
+* You don't use a space on either side of a hyphen.
+
+Examples::
+
+  There were ninety-nine red balloons.
+
+Question mark, ``?``
+====================
+
+ 1. Question marks go at the end of sentences that are questions.
+ 2. You need a question mark at the end of tag questions.
+ 3. For quotes within quotes, use single quotes.
+ 4. You do not put a space before a question mark, but after one.
+
+Examples::
+
+  [1] Is my name Lynn? Of course it is.
+  [2] It's a nice day, isn't it?
+
+Semicolon, ``;``
+================
+
+ 1. Semicolons are used to separate two sentences that would otherwise
+    be joined with a word such as 'and', 'because', 'since', 'unless' or
+    'while'. 2 To separate groups of words that are themselves separated
+    by commas.
+ 2. You do not put a space before a semicolon, but you do need a space
+    after one.
+
+Examples::
+
+  [1] I'm looking forward to our next lesson; I'm sure it will be a lot of fun.
+  [2] They plan to study German, for their travels; chemistry, for their work;
+  and literature, for their own enjoyment.
+
+Quotation mark (speech mark), ``""``, ``''``
+============================================
+
+Double quotes ``""``, single quotes ``''``.
+
+ * Quotation marks (single or double) are used to show words that are
+   directly spoken (direct speech).
+ * Only the words actually being quoted are enclosed by speech marks.
+ * You need a space before the opening speech mark, but no space after
+   it, and a space after the closing one, but no space before it.
+ * Another general rule is to use a comma after the introduction to
+   quoted speech or writing.
+ * Sometimes when writing a spoken sentence it is split in two. The
+   speech marks must then be placed at the beginning and end of each
+   part of the sentence. Commas are used to separate the spoken part
+   from the rest of the sentence.
+ * If you need a question mark or exclamation mark the markers that
+   punctuate the quoted words are enclosed by the speech marks.
+
+Examples::
+
+  "Could everyone sit down please," said the teacher.
+  Jaime said, "I love you."
+  "I wonder," she said quietly, "whether people will ever truly understand each other."
+  "I don't understand," replied Nathan.
+  "Do you understand?" asked Nathan.
+  "I don't understand!" shouted Nathan.
+  Nathan replied, "I don't understand."
+  Nathan asked, "Do you understand?"
+  Nathan shouted, "I don't understand!"
+  He wrote in 1946 that, "The key word in digital computer is 'digital'."
+
+Ellipsis, ``...``
+=================
+
+ 1. Ellipsis used to show that something has been omitted, indicate
+    missing words in an incomplete quotation.
+
+Examples::
+
+  [1] Chomsky suggested that, "Language is a system that...can be described in
+      an algebraic notation."
+
+Dash, ``-``, ``--``
+===================
+
+ 1. The dash should be used when making a brief interruption within a
+    statement, a sudden change of thought, an additional comment, or a
+    dramatic qualification.
+
+Parentheses ``()``
+==================
+
+ 1. Use parentheses to clarify, to place an afterthought, or to add a
+    personal comment. Be sure to include the period after the closing
+    parenthesis.
+
+Examples::
+
+  [1] Steve Case (AOL's former CEO) resigned from the Time-Warner board of
+      directors in 2005.
+  [1] You will need a flashlight for the camping trip (don't forget the
+      batteries!).
+  [1] Most grammarians believe that parentheses and commas are always
+      interchangeable (I disagree).
+
+Brackets ``[]``
+===============
+
+ 1. Use brackets to signify an editor's note in a regular piece of
+    writing. You can also use brackets to clarify or to revise a direct
+    quote so that it appeals to your own writing.
+ 2. The first brackets are rounded, and brackets inside brackets are
+    squared.
+
+Examples::
+
+  [1] "[The blast] was absolutely devastating," said Susan Smith.
+
+Slash ``/``
+===========
+
+ 1. Use the slash to separate "and" and "or", when appropriate.
+ 2. The slash can replace the word "and" to join two nouns.
+ 3. The slash is used when quoting lyrics and poetry to denote a line
+    break. Be sure to add spaces between your slashes here.
+
+Examples::
+
+  [1] To register, you will need your driver's license and/or your birth
+      certificate."
+  [2] The student/part-time employee has very little free time.
+  [3] "Row, row, row your boat / gently down the stream / life is but a dream."
+

--- a/www/en-punctuation_en.rst	Thu Oct 13 21:45:23 2016 +0300
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,304 +0,0 @@
-.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-===========================
- English Punctuation Guide
-===========================
-.. contents::
-   :local:
-
-Punctuation symbol
-==================
-
-``.`` full stop (period USA)
-
-``?`` question mark
-
-``!`` exclamation mark
-
-``""`` single quotation marks
-
-``''`` double quotation marks
-
-````` apostrophe
-
-``-`` hyphen
-
-``,`` comma
-
-``:`` colon
-
-``;`` semicolon
-
-``...`` ellipsis
-
-General rules
-=============
-
- * Put end-of-sentence punctuation inside quotation marks.
- * Put commas and other sentence punctuation outside of parentheses.
- * Put a comma (plus a space) before conjunction.
- * The semicolon ``;`` is not widely used in English.
-
-Capital letter
-==============
-
- 1. A capital is used for the first letter of a new sentence, of quoted
-    speech or proper nouns.
- 2. The first letter of a sentence does not need to be capitalized if it
-    is included in parenthesis within another sentence.
- 3. A capital letter is always used for the first person singular
-    subjective personal pronoun I.
- 4. A capital is used for the first letter of key words in headings and
-    titles. If such titles are hyphenated then both components are given
-    capitalized first letters.
- 5. A capital is used for the first letter of key words in historical
-    events.
- 6. A capital is used for the first letter of religions and many other
-    religious words.
- 7. A capital is used for the first letter of names of months and days of
-    the week, but not of seasons.
- 8. Holidays should also be capitalized.
-
-Examples::
-
-  [3] My boss and I agreed that I should make up for the time I  had lost.
-  [4] The Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries
-  [4] The Centers for Disease Control
-  [4] Vice-President Dick Cheney
-  [5] The Battle of Waterloo
-  [5] The Great Fire of London
-  [6] Devout Christians do daily Bible study.
-  [7] After a long, hot summer she married him on a sultry Saturday in September.
-  [8] January 1 is New Year's Day.
-
-Spaces
-======
-
- * Put one space after punctuation.
- * Put no spaces before punctuation, but always put a space between words.
- * Put no spaces after periods inside abbreviations.
- * Put no space before or after an apostrophe.
- * Put no space on the "inside" of quotation marks (often called "quotes").
- * Put no space on the "inside" of parentheses.
-
-Exclamation mark, ``!``
-=======================
-
-* Exclamation marks act as a full stop.
-* An exclamation mark is most often used to show shock, surprise, horror or
-  pleasure.
-* Put space after an exclamation mark, not before.
-
-Examples::
-
-  Oh! Wow! Brilliant!
-  It was shocking!
-
-Apostrophe, ``'``
-=================
-
- * Apostrophes next to the letter ('s) indicate possession or belonging.
- * They are also used to show missing letters in shortened words, especially in
-   informal writing.
- * No space is needed before or after the apostrophe.
-
-Examples::
-
-  This is Lynne's web site.
-  It's a nice day today, isn't it? I've got an idea. Let's go out.
-
-Comma, ``,``
-============
-
- 1. Separate items in long lists.
- 2. Commas point out brief pauses in a complex sentence or a long
-    prepositional phrase.
- 3. Comma is included before the conjunction 'and' which comes before
-    the final element of a list (for purists).
- 4. Introduce a direct quote.
- 5. Separate appositives (a noun, or noun phrase) or non-defining
-    relative clauses.
- 6. Use a comma if your subject has two or more adjectives describing it.
- 7. You do not put a space before a comma, but you do need a space after one.
- 8. We don't usually put a comma before the word 'and'.
-
-Examples::
-
-  [1] There were a lot of people in the room, teachers, students and parents.
-  [2] The teachers were sitting, the students were listening and the parents
-      were just worrying.
-  [2] Although he wanted to come, he wasn't able to attend the course.
-  [3] I like reading, listening to music, and visiting with my friends.
-  [4] The boy said, "My father is often away during the week on business trips."
-  [4] His doctor replied, "If you don't stop smoking, you run the risk of a
-      heart attack."
-  [5] Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, comes from Seattle.
-  [5] My only sister, who is a fantastic tennis player, is in great shape.
-  [6] The powerful, resonating sound caught our attention.
-
-Colon, ``:``
-============
-
- 1. Colons precede a list, an explanation or an example.
- 2. The colon is used to separate two main clauses where the first is an
-    introduction to the second.
- 3. To introduce a direct quote (a comma can also be used in this
-    situation).
- 4. You do not put a space before a colon, but you do need a space after
-    one.
-
-Examples::
-
-  [1] There are two main shopping areas in Nottingham: Broadmarsh Centre and
-      Victoria Centre.
-  [2] The pilot had an awful realization: he had forgotten to turn off the gas
-      at breakfast time.
-  [3] He announced to his friends: "I'm getting married!"
-
-Full stop (period), ``.``
-=========================
-
- 1. Full stops (periods in the USA) go at the end of sentences that are
-    statements.
- 2. They are also used to mark abbreviations. If such an abbreviation occurs at
-    the very end of a sentence, the final dot is not written twice.
- 3. You do not put a space before a full stop, but after one.
-
-Examples::
-
-  [1] My name is Lynn. I am a teacher.
-  [2] An overhead projector is often referred to as an O.H.P.
-
-Hyphen, ``-``
-=============
-
-* Hyphens are used to connect words or syllables, or to divide words into parts.
-* You don't use a space on either side of a hyphen.
-
-Examples::
-
-  There were ninety-nine red balloons.
-
-Question mark, ``?``
-====================
-
- 1. Question marks go at the end of sentences that are questions.
- 2. You need a question mark at the end of tag questions.
- 3. For quotes within quotes, use single quotes.
- 4. You do not put a space before a question mark, but after one.
-
-Examples::
-
-  [1] Is my name Lynn? Of course it is.
-  [2] It's a nice day, isn't it?
-
-Semicolon, ``;``
-================
-
- 1. Semicolons are used to separate two sentences that would otherwise
-    be joined with a word such as 'and', 'because', 'since', 'unless' or
-    'while'. 2 To separate groups of words that are themselves separated
-    by commas.
- 2. You do not put a space before a semicolon, but you do need a space
-    after one.
-
-Examples::
-
-  [1] I'm looking forward to our next lesson; I'm sure it will be a lot of fun.
-  [2] They plan to study German, for their travels; chemistry, for their work;
-  and literature, for their own enjoyment.
-
-Quotation mark (speech mark), ``""``, ``''``
-============================================
-
-Double quotes ``""``, single quotes ``''``.
-
- * Quotation marks (single or double) are used to show words that are
-   directly spoken (direct speech).
- * Only the words actually being quoted are enclosed by speech marks.
- * You need a space before the opening speech mark, but no space after
-   it, and a space after the closing one, but no space before it.
- * Another general rule is to use a comma after the introduction to
-   quoted speech or writing.
- * Sometimes when writing a spoken sentence it is split in two. The
-   speech marks must then be placed at the beginning and end of each
-   part of the sentence. Commas are used to separate the spoken part
-   from the rest of the sentence.
- * If you need a question mark or exclamation mark the markers that
-   punctuate the quoted words are enclosed by the speech marks.
-
-Examples::
-
-  "Could everyone sit down please," said the teacher.
-  Jaime said, "I love you."
-  "I wonder," she said quietly, "whether people will ever truly understand each other."
-  "I don't understand," replied Nathan.
-  "Do you understand?" asked Nathan.
-  "I don't understand!" shouted Nathan.
-  Nathan replied, "I don't understand."
-  Nathan asked, "Do you understand?"
-  Nathan shouted, "I don't understand!"
-  He wrote in 1946 that, "The key word in digital computer is 'digital'."
-
-Ellipsis, ``...``
-=================
-
- 1. Ellipsis used to show that something has been omitted, indicate
-    missing words in an incomplete quotation.
-
-Examples::
-
-  [1] Chomsky suggested that, "Language is a system that...can be described in
-      an algebraic notation."
-
-Dash, ``-``, ``--``
-===================
-
- 1. The dash should be used when making a brief interruption within a
-    statement, a sudden change of thought, an additional comment, or a
-    dramatic qualification.
-
-Parentheses ``()``
-==================
-
- 1. Use parentheses to clarify, to place an afterthought, or to add a
-    personal comment. Be sure to include the period after the closing
-    parenthesis.
-
-Examples::
-
-  [1] Steve Case (AOL's former CEO) resigned from the Time-Warner board of
-      directors in 2005.
-  [1] You will need a flashlight for the camping trip (don't forget the
-      batteries!).
-  [1] Most grammarians believe that parentheses and commas are always
-      interchangeable (I disagree).
-
-Brackets ``[]``
-===============
-
- 1. Use brackets to signify an editor's note in a regular piece of
-    writing. You can also use brackets to clarify or to revise a direct
-    quote so that it appeals to your own writing.
- 2. The first brackets are rounded, and brackets inside brackets are
-    squared.
-
-Examples::
-
-  [1] "[The blast] was absolutely devastating," said Susan Smith.
-
-Slash ``/``
-===========
-
- 1. Use the slash to separate "and" and "or", when appropriate.
- 2. The slash can replace the word "and" to join two nouns.
- 3. The slash is used when quoting lyrics and poetry to denote a line
-    break. Be sure to add spaces between your slashes here.
-
-Examples::
-
-  [1] To register, you will need your driver's license and/or your birth
-      certificate."
-  [2] The student/part-time employee has very little free time.
-  [3] "Row, row, row your boat / gently down the stream / life is but a dream."
-