x.rst
author Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
Sun, 08 Jul 2012 12:27:33 +0300
changeset 1324 05861a2b18d8
parent 1295 47adf5860e73
child 1330 7a33af4e14ca
permissions -rw-r--r--
Convert to RST syntax.
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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====
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 X.
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====
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.. contents::
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Standard.
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=========
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See
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  http://www.tronche.com/gui/x/icccm/
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Widget toolkit.
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===============
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widget_toolkit
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                Widget toolkit
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_widget_toolkits
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                List of widget toolkits
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GTK+.
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-----
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTK%2B
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QT.
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---
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_%28toolkit%29
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WxWidgets.
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----------
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WxWidgets
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Tk.
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---
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tk_%28computing%29
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FLTK.
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-----
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLTK
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Xaw.
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----
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaw
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GNUstep.
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--------
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNUstep
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XView.
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------
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  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XView
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Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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============================================================
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Look for system registered resources::
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  $ listres
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  $ listres -all
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  $ appres XTerm
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  $ appres -name htop   # for xterm with running bash inside
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Look for X resources of running applications::
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  $ xprop -root
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  $ xprop -name bash    # for xterm with running bash inside
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Keyboard's keys under X window.
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===============================
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  scancodes
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                hardware-dependent codes generated by keystrokes and received by
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                the X server.
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  keycodes
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                Codes sent by the X server to the client indicating which key
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                was pressed. Keycodes by themselves do not indicate what the
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                keystroke means; the client must request that information from
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                the X server.
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  modifiers
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                Flags, such as ``shift`` and ``control``, that the server sends
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                with each keycode to the client. The client's interpretation of
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                the keycode may depend on the state of the modifiers. For
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                example, the state of the shift modifier determines whether an
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                alphabetic character should be lowercase or uppercase. Because
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                the X server encodes the states of the eight modifiers (shift,
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                lock, control, mod1, mod2, mod3, mod4, and mod5) in a single
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                byte of data, modifiers are often referred to as ``modifier
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                bits``.
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  keysyms
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                codes that specify the glyphs appearing on the keys. The X
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                server also maintains a list of strings that describe the
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                keysyms, such as ``a``, ``B``, and ``Control``.
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Find the keycode.
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=================
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::
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  $ xev
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  $ cat /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h
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Don't run under X::
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  $ showkey
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To do same under X::
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  $ xev | sed -n 's=.*keycode \([0-9]*\).*=\1=p'
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List key modifier::
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  $ xmodmap -pm
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Add keycode to modifier::
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  $ xmodmap -e "add shift = Shift_R"
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Remove keycode from modifier::
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  $ xmodmap -e "remove shift = Shift_L"
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Examining the current keymap table::
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  $ xmodmap -pk
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Changing the keymap table::
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  $ xmodmap -e "keycode 34 = bracketleft braceleft"
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  $ xmodmap -e "keysym CapsLock = Control_L"
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1256
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  https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTesting/Keycodes
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                Ubuntu Keycodes howto.
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  http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Multimedia_Keys
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                Gentoo Multimedia Keys howto.
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1267
d2a8da11f9d7 List input devices.
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List input devices.
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===================
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::
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  $ xinput -list
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You can use obtained ID in such command::
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  $ setxkbmap -device $ID -layout dvorak
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978
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Making screenshort.
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===================
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::
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  $ sudo apt-get install scrot
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  $ scrot -d <sec> <file>
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or::
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  $ sudo apt-get install imagemagic
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  $ import -quality 100 -pause <sec> -silent <file>
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Input method.
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=============
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Input method by setxkbmap.
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--------------------------
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::
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  $ setxkbmap ru
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  $ setxkbmap -rules xorg -model pc104 -layout "us,ru" -option "grp:rwin_toggle,grp_led:scroll" -variant ",winkeys"
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Input method from xorg.conf.
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----------------------------
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::
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  Section "InputDevice"
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      Identifier     "Keyboard0"
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      Driver         "kbd"
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      Option         "XkbModel" "pc105"
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      Option         "XkbLayout" "us,ru"
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      Option         "XkbVariant" ",winkeys"
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      Option         "XkbOptions" "grp:rwin_switch,grp_led:scroll"
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  EndSection
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.Xdefaults
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==========
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The syntax of an Xdefaults file is as follows::
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  [client. | *][{restriction.} | *]resource: value
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where:
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  client
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                The name of the application, some program allow change it by
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                '-name' option. This element is optional (can be substituated
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                with wildcard).
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  restriction
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                Class names or name of specific class instance. The classes
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                names conventionally start with an upper-case letter.
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  resource
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                The name of the resource whose value is to be changed.
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                Resources are typically lowercase with uppercase
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                concatenation.
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  value
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                The actual value of the resource.
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  delimiters
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                A period (.) is used to signify each step down into the
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                hierarchy. A colon (:) is used to separate the resource
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                declaration from the actual value.
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1052
fbbc2fb0a2ac Fix: (WARNING/2) Inline emphasis start-string without end-string.
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Comment start with '!' char and goes up to end of line or C-like ``/* */``.
978
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Use xprop utility to find classes and resources used by application.
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To reread your .Xresources file, and throw away your old resources::
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  $ xrdb ~/.Xdefaults
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To reread your .Xresources file, and keep your old resources::
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 $ xrdb -merge ~/.Xdefaults
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Example::
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  *foreground: yellow
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  XClock*foreground: pink
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  Xman*topBox*foreground: blue
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String value type.
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------------------
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This can be path specification like '/usr/bin/firefox'.
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Colors value type.
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------------------
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For color names see '/usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt'. Also you can use hex
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representation #ffffff.
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Font value type.
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----------------
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You can use either a full name, a wildcarded specification, or a font alias::
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  XTerm*Font: -adobe-courier-bold-r-normal--14-140-75-75-m-90-iso8859-1
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  XTerm*Font: *courier-bold-r*140*
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  XTerm*Font: 7x14
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Geometry value type.
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--------------------
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  XCalc*geometry: 120x120-0-0
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  XClock*geometry: -50+100
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Cursor names value type.
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------------------------
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Cursor resources require the name of the file in /usr/include/X11/bitmaps that
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contains the cursor you want to use.
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  ScoTerm*pointerShape: gumby
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Pixmaps value type.
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-------------------
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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Pixmaps are patterns, like bitmaps, that are used to texture or color an area
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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on your display. Pixmap resources are specified like cursors or bitmaps.
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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   277
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   278
Numebers value type.
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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--------------------
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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   281
  XLogo*borderWidth: 10
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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   282
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   283
Boolean value type.
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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   284
-------------------
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
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76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   286
Some resources require a boolean value, such as 'true' or 'false', 'yes' or
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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   287
'no', or 'on' or 'off'.
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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   288
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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   289
Wildcard matching.
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
   290
------------------
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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   291
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   292
The asterisk can be used as a wildcard, making it easy to write a single rule
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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   293
that can be applied to many different applications or elements.
76aa572406cd Getting info about X window and X-related applications data.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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   294
1324
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
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   295
X utilities.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
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   296
============
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   297
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   298
  appres
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   299
                List "application resources".
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
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   300
  listres
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   301
                List resources in widgets.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   302
  bitmap, atobm, bmtoa
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   303
                Bitmap editor and converter utilities.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   304
  editres
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   305
                Dynamic resource editor for X Toolkit applications.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   306
  iceauth
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
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   307
                ICE authority file utility.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   308
  xauth
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   309
                X authority file utility.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   310
  ico
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   311
                Animate an icosahedron or other polyhedron.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   312
  luit
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   313
                Locale and ISO 2022 support for Unicode terminals.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   314
  setxkbmap
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   315
                Set the keyboard using the X Keyboard Extension.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   316
  x11perf
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   317
                X11 server performance test program.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   318
  x11perfcomp
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   319
                X11 server performance comparison program.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   320
  xcalc
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   321
                scientific calculator desktop accessory that can emulate a TI-30
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   322
                or an HP-10C.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   323
  xclock
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   324
                Displays the time in analog or digital form.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   325
  xconsole
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   326
                Monitor system console messages with X.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   327
  xdpyinfo
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
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   328
                displaying information about an X server.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   329
  xev
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   330
                "Event Tester" window.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   331
  xeyes
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
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   332
                Showing two googly eyes which follow the cursor movements on the
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   333
                screen as if they were watching it.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   334
  xfontsel
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   335
  xgamma
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   336
  xhost
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   337
  xinit
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   338
  startx
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   339
  xkill
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   340
  xload
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   341
                System load average display for X.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   342
  xlogo
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   343
                X Window System logo.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   344
  xlsclients
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
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   345
                listing information about the client applications running on a display.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   346
  xmag
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   347
                Magnify parts of the screen.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   348
  xman
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   349
  xmessage
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   350
  xmodmap
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   351
  xmore
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   352
  xprop
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   353
  xrandr
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   354
  xrdb
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   355
  xrefresh
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   356
  xset
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   357
  xsetmode
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   358
  xsetpointer
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   359
  xsetroot
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   360
  xsm
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   361
                X Session Manager
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   362
  resize
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   363
  xterm
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   364
                Standard terminal emulator for the X Window System.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   365
  xvinfo
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   366
  xwd, xwud
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   367
                Useful and easy way to take screenshots. Saves in the XWD X
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   368
                Window Dump image data format.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   369
  xwininfo
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   370
                Window information utility for X.
05861a2b18d8 Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 1295
diff changeset
   371