author | Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com> |
Sun, 15 Sep 2019 00:06:40 +0300 | |
changeset 2373 | 07d81edeaba6 |
parent 2343 | 984ccb104a6e |
child 2374 | e050994e0810 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
1683 | 1 |
.. -*- coding: utf-8; -*- |
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========== |
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Postgres |
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========== |
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.. contents:: |
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:local: |
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9 |
Installing on Debian |
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==================== |
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Install and create new user and database:: |
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$ sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-client |
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$ sudo su - postgres |
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% psql |
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postgres=# CREATE USER myuser WITH PASSWORD 'mypass'; |
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postgres=# CREATE DATABASE mydb OWNER myuser; |
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postgres=# \q |
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Connect as user ``mypguser`` to new database:: |
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$ su - mypguser |
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$ psql mypgdatabase |
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In order to create local host superuser:: |
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Create local host superuser.
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$ sudo su - postgres |
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$ createuser --superuser USER |
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$ exit |
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$ sudo -u USER psql |
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.. |
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35 |
https://wiki.debian.org/PostgreSql |
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Debian wiki instructions. |
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Check version |
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============= |
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By SQL query:: |
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SELECT version(); |
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SHOW server_version; |
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SHOW server_version_num; |
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From executable:: |
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$ postgres -V |
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Check locations |
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=============== |
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:: |
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SHOW hba_file; |
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SHOW config_file; |
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Check settings |
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============== |
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:: |
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SELECT name, setting FROM pg_settings; |
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Check extensions |
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================ |
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:: |
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SELECT * FROM pg_available_extensions; |
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Limitations |
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=========== |
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https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/TOAST |
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TOAST is a mechanism PostgreSQL uses to keep physical data rows from exceeding the size of a data |
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block (typically 8KB). |
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Grant role options |
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================== |
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:: |
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ALTER USER me WITH SUPERUSER; |
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ALTER USER me WITH CREATEDB CREATEROLE LOGIN; |
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84 |
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createrole.html |
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``CREATE ROLE``. |
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Granting selects:: |
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89 |
GRANT SELECT ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public TO user2; |
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Change password |
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=============== |
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93 |
:: |
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ALTER USER me WITH PASSWORD 'PassWord'; |
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96 |
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Monitor connections |
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=================== |
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:: |
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List indexes/constraints.
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select * from pg_stat_activity; |
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102 |
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The Statistics Collector.
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https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/monitoring-stats.html |
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The Statistics Collector. |
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The Statistics Collector.
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Profile queries |
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=============== |
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Stats on query execution time:: |
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SELECT * FROM pg_stat_statements; |
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https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/pgstatstatements.html |
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``pg_stat_statements``. |
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https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-examine.html |
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Examining Index Usage. |
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List databases, schemas and tables |
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119 |
================================== |
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Default database is ``postgres``. |
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To list databases and database locales:: |
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1702 | 125 |
$ psql -U pgadmin -l |
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or:: |
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=> SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datistemplate = false; |
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=> \l |
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To switch databases.
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131 |
|
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To switch databases.
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parents:
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132 |
To switch databases:: |
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To switch databases.
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133 |
|
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To switch databases.
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=> \connect NAME |
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136 |
Schemas:: |
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137 |
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\dn * |
139 |
select schema_name from information_schema.schemata; |
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select nspname from pg_catalog.pg_namespace; |
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|
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142 |
To list all tables in the current database:: |
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To switch databases.
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143 |
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2328 | 144 |
\dt |
145 |
SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables ORDER BY table_schema, table_name; |
|
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146 |
|
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Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
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or in all schemas:: |
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148 |
|
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Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
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149 |
=> \dt *.* |
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150 |
|
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Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
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151 |
List views:: |
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152 |
|
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153 |
\dv |
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154 |
|
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155 |
List users:: |
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156 |
|
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157 |
\du |
2299 | 158 |
\du+ |
159 |
||
2300
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160 |
List schemas:: |
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161 |
|
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162 |
\dn |
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163 |
|
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Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
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parents:
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164 |
List indexes:: |
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Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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|
165 |
|
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166 |
\di |
2328 | 167 |
select * from pg_indexes; |
168 |
select * from pg_indexes where schemaname = '...'; |
|
169 |
select * from pg_indexes where schemaname = '...' and tablename = '...'; |
|
170 |
select * from pg_indexes where schemaname = '...' and indexname = '...'; |
|
2300
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171 |
|
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172 |
select |
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173 |
t.relname as table_name, |
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174 |
i.relname as index_name, |
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|
175 |
a.attname as column_name |
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176 |
from |
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|
177 |
pg_class t, |
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178 |
pg_class i, |
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179 |
pg_index ix, |
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180 |
pg_attribute a |
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181 |
where |
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|
182 |
t.oid = ix.indrelid |
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183 |
and i.oid = ix.indexrelid |
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184 |
and a.attrelid = t.oid |
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185 |
and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey) |
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186 |
and t.relkind = 'r' |
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|
187 |
and t.relname like 'test%' |
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|
188 |
order by |
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|
189 |
t.relname, |
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|
190 |
i.relname; |
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|
191 |
|
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|
192 |
select |
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|
193 |
t.relname as table_name, |
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|
194 |
i.relname as index_name, |
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|
195 |
array_to_string(array_agg(a.attname), ', ') as column_names |
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196 |
from |
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|
197 |
pg_class t, |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
198 |
pg_class i, |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
199 |
pg_index ix, |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
200 |
pg_attribute a |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
201 |
where |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
202 |
t.oid = ix.indrelid |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
203 |
and i.oid = ix.indexrelid |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
204 |
and a.attrelid = t.oid |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
205 |
and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey) |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
206 |
and t.relkind = 'r' |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
207 |
and t.relname like 'test%' |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
208 |
group by |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
209 |
t.relname, |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
210 |
i.relname |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
211 |
order by |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
212 |
t.relname, |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
213 |
i.relname; |
738316fb865f
Grant role options.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2328
diff
changeset
|
214 |
|
2330
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
215 |
List index usage:: |
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
216 |
|
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
217 |
SELECT * FROM pg_stat_all_indexes; |
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
218 |
SELECT * FROM pg_stat_all_tables; |
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
219 |
SELECT * FROM pg_stat_user_indexes; |
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
220 |
SELECT * FROM pg_stat_user_tables; |
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
221 |
|
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
222 |
List constraints:: |
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
223 |
|
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
224 |
SELECT * FROM pg_constraint; |
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
225 |
SELECT * FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = (SELECT oid FROM pg_class WHERE relname LIKE 'tblName'); |
2337 | 226 |
select * from pg_constraint where conname like '%conName%'; |
2330
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
227 |
|
2373 | 228 |
Show constraints and columns to given table:: |
229 |
||
230 |
select |
|
231 |
c.constraint_name, |
|
232 |
x.table_schema as schema_name, x.table_name, x.column_name, |
|
233 |
y.table_schema as foreign_schema_name, y.table_name as foreign_table_name, y.column_name as foreign_column_name |
|
234 |
from information_schema.referential_constraints c |
|
235 |
join information_schema.key_column_usage x |
|
236 |
on x.constraint_name = c.constraint_name |
|
237 |
join information_schema.key_column_usage y |
|
238 |
on y.ordinal_position = x.position_in_unique_constraint |
|
239 |
and y.constraint_name = c.unique_constraint_name |
|
240 |
where y.table_name = 'sa_pnr' |
|
241 |
order by c.constraint_name, x.ordinal_position |
|
242 |
||
2330
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
243 |
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/catalog-pg-constraint.html |
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
244 |
pg_constraint. |
2373 | 245 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1152260/postgres-sql-to-list-table-foreign-keys |
246 |
List table foreign keys. |
|
2330
03d20db65d79
List indexes/constraints.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2329
diff
changeset
|
247 |
|
2300
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
248 |
List functions:: |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
249 |
|
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
250 |
\df |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
251 |
|
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
252 |
List triggers:: |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
253 |
|
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
254 |
\dy |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
255 |
|
2299 | 256 |
List misc info:: |
257 |
||
258 |
select current_database(); |
|
259 |
select current_schema(); |
|
260 |
select current_user; |
|
261 |
select session_user; |
|
262 |
select current_date; |
|
263 |
select version(); |
|
264 |
||
265 |
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-info.html |
|
266 |
System Information Functions. |
|
2298
34ffcffdc8df
List users. Switch database.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2297
diff
changeset
|
267 |
|
1703
a85cc266dbdf
Set default schema.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
268 |
Set default schema. |
a85cc266dbdf
Set default schema.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
269 |
=================== |
a85cc266dbdf
Set default schema.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
270 |
:: |
a85cc266dbdf
Set default schema.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
271 |
|
a85cc266dbdf
Set default schema.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
272 |
set search_path to NAME; |
2298
34ffcffdc8df
List users. Switch database.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2297
diff
changeset
|
273 |
set schema 'NAME'; |
1703
a85cc266dbdf
Set default schema.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1702
diff
changeset
|
274 |
|
2298
34ffcffdc8df
List users. Switch database.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2297
diff
changeset
|
275 |
Database, table, index size |
34ffcffdc8df
List users. Switch database.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2297
diff
changeset
|
276 |
=========================== |
1710
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
277 |
|
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
278 |
Database size:: |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
279 |
|
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
280 |
SELECT pg_database_size('geekdb'); -- in bytes |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
281 |
SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size('dbname')); |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
282 |
|
2338 | 283 |
SELECT datname, pg_database_size(datname) FROM pg_database; |
284 |
||
1710
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
285 |
List of databases sizes:: |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
286 |
|
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
287 |
\l+ |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
288 |
|
2373 | 289 |
List tables sizes (and constraints):: |
1711 | 290 |
|
291 |
\d+ |
|
292 |
||
1710
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
293 |
Table total size (with indexes):: |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
294 |
|
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
295 |
SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('schemaname.tablename')); |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
296 |
|
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
297 |
Sole table size (without indexes and other):: |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
298 |
|
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
299 |
SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('schemaname.tablename')); |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
300 |
|
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
301 |
Largest table in the PostgreSQL database:: |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
302 |
|
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
303 |
SELECT relname, relpages FROM pg_class ORDER BY relpages DESC; |
2339
cb96d35c46cf
Largest tables with TOAST.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
304 |
SELECT relname, pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(p.oid)) FROM pg_class ORDER BY relpages DESC; |
cb96d35c46cf
Largest tables with TOAST.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
305 |
|
cb96d35c46cf
Largest tables with TOAST.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
306 |
Largest tables with TOAST:: |
cb96d35c46cf
Largest tables with TOAST.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
307 |
|
cb96d35c46cf
Largest tables with TOAST.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
308 |
SELECT p.relname, t.relname, pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(p.oid)), p.relpages |
cb96d35c46cf
Largest tables with TOAST.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
309 |
FROM pg_class p |
cb96d35c46cf
Largest tables with TOAST.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
310 |
LEFT JOIN pg_class t ON t.reltoastrelid = p.oid |
cb96d35c46cf
Largest tables with TOAST.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2338
diff
changeset
|
311 |
ORDER BY p.relpages DESC; |
1710
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
312 |
|
2373 | 313 |
Largest TOAST:: |
314 |
||
315 |
select tbl.relname, toast.relname, toast.relpages |
|
316 |
from pg_class tbl, pg_class toast |
|
317 |
where tbl.reltoastrelid = toast.oid |
|
318 |
order by toast.relpages desc; |
|
319 |
||
2343 | 320 |
Size of types:: |
321 |
||
322 |
SELECT pg_column_size(5::smallint); |
|
323 |
SELECT pg_column_size(5::int); |
|
324 |
SELECT pg_column_size(5::bigint); |
|
325 |
||
326 |
https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Disk_Usage |
|
327 |
Finding the size of various object in your database. |
|
328 |
||
2327
24ffd84a171c
MVCC and transaction id.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2326
diff
changeset
|
329 |
MVCC and transaction id |
24ffd84a171c
MVCC and transaction id.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2326
diff
changeset
|
330 |
======================= |
24ffd84a171c
MVCC and transaction id.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2326
diff
changeset
|
331 |
|
24ffd84a171c
MVCC and transaction id.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2326
diff
changeset
|
332 |
As being MVCC Postgres doesn't delete or update existing rows. Row visibility is controled by |
24ffd84a171c
MVCC and transaction id.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2326
diff
changeset
|
333 |
transaction id (monotonous incremented number): ``xmin`` - first transaction that can see row, |
24ffd84a171c
MVCC and transaction id.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2326
diff
changeset
|
334 |
``xmax`` - last transaction that can see row::: |
24ffd84a171c
MVCC and transaction id.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2326
diff
changeset
|
335 |
|
24ffd84a171c
MVCC and transaction id.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2326
diff
changeset
|
336 |
SELECT xmin, xmax, * FROM foo WHERE id < 5 ORDER BY id; |
24ffd84a171c
MVCC and transaction id.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2326
diff
changeset
|
337 |
|
2328 | 338 |
Vacuum |
339 |
====== |
|
340 |
||
341 |
Stats on vacuum oprtations per table:: |
|
342 |
||
343 |
select * from pg_stat_user_tables; |
|
344 |
||
2373 | 345 |
Table statistics |
346 |
================ |
|
347 |
||
348 |
Full table statistics is in ``pg_statistics`` table which is accessible only by superuser. |
|
349 |
||
350 |
Human readable stats are in ``pg_stats`` view. |
|
351 |
||
2300
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
352 |
Using psql client |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
353 |
================= |
1700 | 354 |
|
355 |
Using password file ``~/.pgpass``:: |
|
356 |
||
357 |
# comment |
|
358 |
hostname:port:database:username:password |
|
359 |
hostname:port:*:username:password |
|
360 |
hostname:*:*:username:password |
|
361 |
||
362 |
Connect by:: |
|
363 |
||
2373 | 364 |
$ psql -U $USER -h $HOST -p $PORT $SCHEMA |
1700 | 365 |
|
1710
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
366 |
How to view execution plan:: |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
367 |
|
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
368 |
EXPLAIN query; |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
369 |
EXPLAIN ANALYZE query; |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
370 |
|
2300
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
371 |
Collect statistics:: |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
372 |
|
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
373 |
ANALYZE table; |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
374 |
|
1710
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
375 |
How to redirect the output of query to a file:: |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
376 |
|
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
377 |
\o output_file |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
378 |
SELECT * FROM pg_class; |
601c31753686
Database, table, index size.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
1709
diff
changeset
|
379 |
|
2298
34ffcffdc8df
List users. Switch database.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2297
diff
changeset
|
380 |
Switch database:: |
34ffcffdc8df
List users. Switch database.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2297
diff
changeset
|
381 |
|
34ffcffdc8df
List users. Switch database.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2297
diff
changeset
|
382 |
\connect DBNAME |
34ffcffdc8df
List users. Switch database.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2297
diff
changeset
|
383 |
\c DBNAME |
34ffcffdc8df
List users. Switch database.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2297
diff
changeset
|
384 |
|
2300
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
385 |
Load external SQL file:: |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
386 |
|
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
387 |
\i my.sql |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
388 |
|
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
389 |
Export data |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
390 |
=========== |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
391 |
|
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
392 |
Export from ``psql``:: |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
393 |
|
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
394 |
\copy (SELECT * FROM foo) TO '/tmp/my.csv' WITH CSV |
e538e158c38b
Export data. Load external SQL file. List schemas/indexes/etc.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
2299
diff
changeset
|
395 |
|
2305 | 396 |
Import data |
397 |
=========== |
|
398 |
||
399 |
Import CSV file:: |
|
400 |
||
401 |
\copy tbl_name from 'my.csv' csv; |
|
402 |
\copy tbl_name from 'my.csv' delimiter ':' csv; |
|
403 |
||
404 |
$ psql -U $USER -h $HOST $DB -c "\\copy tbl_name from 'my.csv' csv" |
|
405 |
||
2326 | 406 |
JDBC driver |
407 |
=========== |
|
408 |
||
409 |
https://jdbc.postgresql.org/about/about.html |
|
410 |
The current version of the driver should be compatible with PostgreSQL 8.2 and higher, and Java 6 |
|
411 |
(JDBC 4.0), Java 7 (JDBC 4.1), Java 8 (JDBC 4.2) and Java 9. |
|
412 |
https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download.html |
|
413 |
Java/JDBC/Postgres compatibility table. |
|
414 |
||
2332 | 415 |
plpgsql |
416 |
======= |
|
417 |
||
418 |
Simple function:: |
|
419 |
||
420 |
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION incx(x INTEGER) |
|
421 |
RETURNS INTEGER STABLE AS $$ |
|
422 |
BEGIN |
|
423 |
RETURN x + 1; |
|
424 |
END; |
|
425 |
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; |
|
426 |
||
427 |
Support for procedures is added only in Postgres v11. |
|
428 |
||
429 |
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createfunction.html |
|
430 |
``CREATE FUNCTION``. |
|
431 |
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/plpgsql-control-structures.html |
|
432 |
plpgsql control structures. |
|
433 |
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/errcodes-appendix.html |
|
434 |
PostgreSQL Error Codes. |