laser-disk.rst
author Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
Sat, 21 Nov 2020 21:49:42 +0200
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.. -*- coding: utf-8; -*-
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============
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 Laser disk
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============
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.. contents::
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   :local:
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What best DVD-R or DVD+R?
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=========================
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The DVD-R format was developed by Pioneer in 1997 vc DVD+R in 2002 by Sony.
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DVD+R format was not an official DVD format until January 25, 2008.
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DVD-R(W) and DVD+R(W) format are incompatible.
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DVD-R(W) use amplitude modulation, DVD+R(W) use phase modulation, so more reliable.
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On multi-session DVD-R(W) disk any session take up to 96 MB in time on DVD+R(W)
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every session take exactly 2 MB.
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DVD+R(W) win!
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See
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-R
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD%2BR
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What capacity of DVD?
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=====================
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+----------+-------------------------------------------+
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|          |                Capacity                   |
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+  Type    +-----------+---------------+------+--------+
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|          | sectors   | bytes         | GB   |  GiB   |
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|          | 2,048B    |               |      |        |
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+----------+-----------+---------------+------+--------+
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|DVD-R (SL)| 2,298,496 | 4,707,319,808 | 4.7  |  4.384 |
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|DVD+R (SL)| 2,295,104 | 4,700,372,992 | 4.7  |  4.378 |
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|DVD-R DL  | 4,171,712 | 8,543,666,176 | 8.5  |  7.957 |
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|DVD+R DL  | 4,173,824 | 8,547,991,552 | 8.5  |  7.961 |
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+----------+-----------+---------------+------+--------+
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Vendor
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======
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** Verbatim.
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Archival Grade CD & DVD - for store critical data.
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* http://www.verbatim.ru
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* http://www.verbatim.com/optical/archival/
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** TDK.
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* http://www.tdk-media.com
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** Intenso.
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* http://www.intenso.de
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* Lifetime.
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What is the life expectancy of a CD-R?
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======================================
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Approximately 100 years under proper storage conditions (from TDK support).
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* http://www.cd-info.com/archiving/
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How many times can I rewrite to a CD-RW?
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========================================
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A CD-RW disc can be erased and rewritten up to a 1,000 times. Reliability and
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performance will not decrease, even as the number of rewrites increase.
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Make an ISO image
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=================
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::
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  $ dd if=/dev/dvd of=dvd.iso  # for dvd
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  $ dd if=/dev/cdrom of=cd.iso # for cdrom
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  $ dd if=/dev/scd0 of=cd.iso  # if cdrom is scsi
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  $ mkisofs -o /tmp/cd.iso /tmp/directory/ # from file hierarchy
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Burning tools
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=============
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** cdrtools.
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In 2006 build system of cdrtools changed and have CDDL, which incomputable
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with GPL.
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See
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* http://cdrecord.berlios.de/private/cdrecord.html
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrecord
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** cdrkit.
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Fully GPL alternative for cdrtools. Includes:
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* wodim (an acronym for write optical disk media), which was forked from the cdrecord program in
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  cdrtools.
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* icedax (an acronym for incredible digital audio extractor), which was forked from the cdda2wav
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  program in cdrtools.
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* genisoimage (short for generate ISO image), which was forked from the mkisofs program in
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  cdrtools.
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See
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* http://www.cdrkit.org/
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrkit
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Installing under Debian::
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  $ sudo apt-get install wodim genisoimage
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Cygwin (cdrecord is symlink to wodim, mkisofs is symlink to genisoimage, cdrkit contain only
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READMY)::
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  $ setup.exe -p cdrkit,wodim,genisoimage
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Make iso image::
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  $ genisoimage -A "<info>" -gui -J -R -o <img-file> <dir1> <dir2> ...
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<info> is up to 128 bytes. -J adds Joliet directory records wich useful on
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Windows. -R adds the Rock Ridge protocol.
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To test your image mount it (on Linux)::
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  $ sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro <img-file> <mnt-point>
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Burn iso image
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==============
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cdrskin
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::
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  $ sudo apt-get install cdrskin
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See:
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* http://scdbackup.sourceforge.net/cdrskin_eng.html
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdrskin
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xorriso
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-------
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xorriso copies file objects from POSIX compliant filesystems into Rock Ridge
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enhanced ISO 9660 filesystems and allows session-wise manipulation of such
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filesystems. It can load the management information of existing ISO images and
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it writes the session results to optical media or to filesystem objects.
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Vice versa xorriso is able to restore file objects from ISO 9660 filesystems.
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* http://scdbackup.webframe.org/xorriso_eng.html
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/xorriso
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ImgBurn
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ImgBurn is a lightweight CD / DVD / HD DVD / Blu-ray burning application that
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everyone should have in their toolkit!
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For Windows 95/98/2000/XP/Vista/2008/7, work in Wine under Linux.
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http://www.imgburn.com/
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  home page
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CDBurnerXP
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----------
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Это бесплатная программа для записи CD и DVD, Blu-Ray и HD-DVD дисков. Она
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поддерживает запись и создание ISO-образов.
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For Windows XP/Vista/2008/7. Require .NET >= version 2.0.
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http://www.cdburnerxp.se/ru/home
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  home page
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2050
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MDF to ISO
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==========
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::
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  $ sudo apt-get install mdf2iso
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  $ mdf2iso $IN.mdf
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NRG to ISO
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==========
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::
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  $ sudo apt-get install nrg2iso
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  $ nrg2iso  $IN.nrg $OUT.iso