dns.rst
author Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
Sat, 10 Feb 2018 01:49:07 +0200
changeset 2230 9e6ad6607a9e
parent 2204 fa97eaac3276
child 2445 b996f619baaf
permissions -rw-r--r--
Fixed formatting.
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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.. -*- coding: utf-8; -*-
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======
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 DNS.
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======
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.. contents::
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   :local:
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About DNS resolving protocol.
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=============================
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Default port for name resolving is ``53``::
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  $ nslookup -port=53 microsoft.com
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Debugging name resolution.
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==========================
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::
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  $ nslookup -debug microsoft.com
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Dumping all available resords::
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  $ nslookup -type=any microsoft.com
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Timing information and traces available via::
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  $ dig +trace google.com
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  $ dig @8.8.4.4 +noall +answer +stats A defun.work
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Despite ``dig`` shown only names for NS replays also have IP adresses (to avoid
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chicken/egg ptoblem when you request name resolution but asked to resolve
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another name). To see IP addressed use ``+additional`` option::
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  $ dig +trace +additional google.com
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IP from host name.
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==================
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This request is for the ``A`` record and default for ``nslookup`` command::
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  $ nslookup defun.work
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  $ nslookup -type=a defun.work
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  $ nslookup -type=a defun.work 8.8.8.8
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  $ dig @8.8.8.8 A defun.work
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  $ dig +nocmd +noall +answer defun.work
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2204
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Host name from IP
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=================
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If that information available::
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  $ nslookup -type=ptr 8.8.8.8
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  $ dig @8.8.8.8 -x 8.8.4.4
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2204
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  $ dig +noall +answer @8.8.8.8 PTR 4.4.8.8.in-addr.arpa
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  4.4.8.8.in-addr.arpa.   21599   IN      PTR     google-public-dns-b.google.com.
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  $ host 8.8.4.4
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  4.4.8.8.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer google-public-dns-b.google.com.
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List authoritative NS for domain.
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=================================
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::
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  $ dig ns defun.work
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  $ nslookup -type=ns defun.work
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List MX records for domain.
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===========================
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::
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  $ dig mx mail.google.com
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  $ nslookup -type=mx mail.google.com
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Query for TXT records.
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======================
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::
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  $ dig -t TXT google.com
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  $ dig google.com TXT
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  $ nslookup -type=txt google.com
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7ace23894f44 nslookup -q=txt
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  $ nslookup -q=txt google.com
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  $ host -t txt google.com
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List SOA records for domain.
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============================
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SOA ("Start Of Authority") Record for a domain provides technical information
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about the domain::
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  $ dig soa defun.work
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Human readable format can be viewed via::
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  $ nslookup -type=mx defun.work
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    origin = ns1.mindsandmachines.com
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    mail addr = admin.mindsandmachines.com
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    serial = 2011091101
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    refresh = 10800
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    retry = 7200
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    expire = 604800
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    minimum = 86400
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Email adress for domain administrator is ``admin@mindsandmachines.com`` for
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above output.
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List domain names.
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==================
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::
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  $ dig ns dp.gov.ua
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  ...
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  ;; ANSWER SECTION:
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  dp.gov.ua.              3600    IN      NS      ns.giknpc.com.ua.
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  ...
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  $ dig @ns.giknpc.com.ua dp.gov.ua AXFR
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  ...
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  dp.gov.ua.              3600    IN      MX      200 relay2.giknpc.com.ua.
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  dp.gov.ua.              3600    IN      A       195.64.190.1
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  adm.dp.gov.ua.          3600    IN      A       195.64.190.1
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1874
12f24827be09 Get info about NS.
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Get info about NS.
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==================
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12f24827be09 Get info about NS.
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Version of running NS::
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12f24827be09 Get info about NS.
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  $ dig @4.2.2.1 version.bind chaos txt
12f24827be09 Get info about NS.
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  $ nslookup -q=txt -class=CHAOS version.bind. 4.2.2.1
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12f24827be09 Get info about NS.
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Server name::
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12f24827be09 Get info about NS.
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  $ dig @4.2.2.1 id.server txt chaos
12f24827be09 Get info about NS.
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  $ nslookup -q=txt -class=CHAOS id.server. 4.2.2.1
12f24827be09 Get info about NS.
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12f24827be09 Get info about NS.
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  $ dig @4.2.2.1 hostname.bind txt chaos
12f24827be09 Get info about NS.
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  $ nslookup -q=txt -class=CHAOS hostname.bind. 4.2.2.1
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That strings come from BIND config::
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  options {
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    version "none of your business";
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    server-id "Host A";
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    hostname "Host A";
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  };
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1862
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How reread config file?
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=======================
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FreeBSD::
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  $ named.reload