--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/abbr.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-*- mode: outline -*-
+
+* Devel.
+
+** R&D.
+
+Research and development.
+
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development
+
+** QA.
+
+Quality assurance.
+
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_assurance
--- a/audio.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/audio.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -37,3 +37,12 @@
* How convert m4a to mp3?
$ faad -o - $file.m4a | lame -V 0 - $file.mp3
+
+* How split mp3/ogg files?
+
+Split mp3 and ogg files:
+
+ $ mp3splt
+
+ http://mp3splt.sourceforge.net/mp3splt_page/home.php
+ home page
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/bzr.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+-*- mode: outline -*-
+
+* Cloning repo.
+
+* Updating repo.
+
+* Incoming changes.
+
+ $ bzr missing bzr://bzr.example.com/proj/trunk
+
--- a/cygwin.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/cygwin.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
This project provides Cygwin binary and source packages for a large variety of programs and
libraries, including the GNOME and KDE desktop environments
+ http://cygwin-ports.sourceforge.net/
+ newest home of the Cygwin Ports project
http://sourceware.org/cygwinports/
home page
http://cygwinports.blogspot.com
@@ -96,3 +98,10 @@
http://www.cygwin.com/acronyms
One encounters all sorts of acronyms on the Cygwin mailing lists.
+* Check dll dependency.
+
+ $ ldd my.dll
+ $ ldd my.exe
+ $ cygcheck ./my.dll
+ $ cygcheck ./my.exe
+
--- a/devel-windows.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/devel-windows.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@
TODO
+* Application verifier.
+
+ http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?familyid=c4a25ab9-649d-4a1b-b4a7-c9d8b095df18
+ download page
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms220948.aspx
+ Application Verifier
+
* Running at startup.
HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
--- a/djvu.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/djvu.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-*- mode:outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+* About djvu.
+
+ http://djvu.org/links/
+ many useful links
+
* Viewer.
* DjVuLibre (all OS).
@@ -26,3 +31,45 @@
Currently not maintained.
http://www.djvu.org/resources/
+
+* djvu to pdf.
+
+** djvulibre.
+
+ $ ddjvu -format=tiff book.djvu book.tiff
+ $ tiff2pdf -o book.pdf book.tiff
+
+* pdf to djvu.
+
+** djvulibre.
+
+For 'pdftoppm' install xpdf (both Linux and Cygwin).
+
+ $ pdftoppm -mono -r 600 -aa yes $PDF $PDF
+ $ for PBM in $PDF*.pbm; do cjb2 -dpi $DPI $PBM $PBM.djvu; rm -f $PBM; done
+
+ $ djvm -c $OUTFILE $MASK*.pbm.djvu
+
+** pdf2djvu.
+
+ $ pdf2djvu file.pdf
+
+ http://code.google.com/p/pdf2djvu/
+ home page
+
+* jpg to djvu.
+
+** JPEG to bitonal DjVu.
+
+ $ anytopnm page.djvu | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm -value 0.499 > page.pbm
+ $ cjb2 -dpi $DPI page.pbm page.djvu
+
+ $ djvm -c $OUTFILE $MASK.djvu # Many .djvu to single .djvu.
+
+
+** JPEG to low colour DjVu.
+
+ $ cpaldjvu -dpi $DPI -colors $NCOLORS $i $i.djvu
+
+ $ djvm -c $OUTFILE $MASK.djvu # Many .djvu to single .djvu.
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/doxygen.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+* Doxygen simple workflow.
+
+ $ cd $proj
+ $ doxygen -g $proj.cfg # generate basic config file
+
+Edit $proj.cfg. Some essential settings:
+
+ PROJECT_NAME = my-proj
+ OUTPUT_DIRECTORY = my
+ OUTPUT_LANGUAGE = English
+ INPUT = my.h my.hpp dir/
+ INPUT_ENCODING = UTF-8
+ FILE_PATTERNS =
+ RECURSIVE = NO
+ GENERATE_HTML = YES
+
+* Generate .chm from doxygen.
+
+Check doxygen config file for:
+
+ GENERATE_HTMLHELP = YES
+ CHM_FILE = my.chm
+ CHM_INDEX_ENCODING = Windows-1251
+
+Run 'doxygen' and 'hhc.exe' on generated 'index.hhp'
+
+ $ doxygen $proj.cfg
+ $ cd $proj/html # here gone doxygen html output
+ $ hhc.exe index.hhp
+
--- a/driver-win.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/driver-win.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -122,6 +122,8 @@
* How install drivers?
+** dpinst.
+
Driver Install Frameworks (DIFx) tools allow installing driver under following
OSes:
@@ -143,11 +145,94 @@
%windir%\system32\ReinstallBackups folder is created with
backups of the old drivers.
+** devcon.
+
+This command-line specifies the location of the driver package's INF file (c:\toaster\toastpkg.inf)
+and the toaster device's hardware identifier (ID), which is specified within the INF file.
+
+ cmd# devcon.exe install c:\toaster\toastpkg.inf {b85b7c50-6a01-11d2-b841-00c04fad5171}\mstoaster
+
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff553642.aspx
+ Using the DevCon Tool to Install a Driver Package
+
* How debug Windows drivers.
+To detect whether a driver loaded, check the status of the device in Device Manager.
+
+In Windows Vista and later versions of Windows, SetupAPI logs information about device installation
+in a plain-text log file that you can use to verify the installation of a device and to troubleshoot
+device installation problems. Check
+
+ %SystemRoot%\inf\SetupAPI.dev.log installation events in the device
+ %SystemRoot%\inf\SetupAPI.app.log application installation
+
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff553497.aspx
+ Troubleshooting Install and Load Problems with Signed Driver Packages
http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/debugtips.mspx
Improve Driver Debuggability
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff551063.aspx
Debugging Tools for Windows
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff543450%28VS.85%29.aspx
Checked and Free Build Differences
+
+* Driver signing.
+
+Type of signature:
+
+ * Signed by a Windows signing authority.
+ * Signed by a trusted publisher.
+ * Signed by an untrusted publisher.
+ * Signed by a publisher of unknown trust.
+ * Altered.
+ * Unsigned.
+
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff544703.aspx
+ Type of signature and performed action.
+ http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/driver/install/drvsign/best-practices.mspx
+ Code-Signing Best Practices.
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff550764.aspx
+ Device Installation Signing Requirements.
+
+** Tools for Signing Drivers.
+
+'certmgr.msc' present in Windows 2000 and upper.
+
+From Windows SDK/WDK:
+
+ CertMgr Inf2Cat MakeCat MakeCert Pvk2Pfx SignTool
+
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff552958.aspx
+ Tools for Signing Drivers
+
+* Invoking a Device Properties Dialog Box from a Command-line Prompt.
+
+You need get device-instance-ID-parameter:
+
+ cmd# rundll32.exe devmgr.dll,DeviceProperties_RunDLL /DeviceID "ACPI\PNP0F03\4&1A8C8C2E&0"
+
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff548170.aspx
+
+* Driver Selection Process.
+
+Windows uses the following criteria to select a driver for a device:
+
+ * Windows selects the driver that has the lowest rank value as the best match for the device.
+ * For drivers that have equal rank, Windows selects the driver that has the most recent date.
+ * For the drivers that have equal rank and date, Windows selects the driver that has the highest version.
+ * Windows XP SP1 and later: For drivers that have equal rank, date, and version, Windows can select any driver.
+ * Windows XP and Windows 2000: For drivers that have equal rank, date, and version, Windows can select any driver.
+
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff549553.aspx
+
+* Distributing a Driver Package.
+
+** Windows Update.
+
+You can distribute a driver package through the Windows Update program if the driver package:
+
+ * Passes the WHQL test program and receives a WHQL release signature.
+ * Qualifies for the Windows Logo program.
+ * Meets additional requirements that ensure that Windows Update can determine the correct driver
+ package for the user's device, can legally distribute it, and can automatically download it.
+
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff554874.aspx
--- a/emacs.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/emacs.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@
know about line numbers and files - it just knows an error happened, and
that's it.
+Try run Emacs with '--debug-init' to see backtrace.
+
** How debug long running command?
M-x debug-on-quit RET' and then just hit `C-g' next time it gets 'stuck' somewhere.
@@ -262,3 +264,18 @@
* Debugging C code.
-*- mode: grep; mode: auto-revert-tail; default-directory: "~/devel/proj" -*-
+
+* XML modes.
+
+** XSLT-process.
+
+XSLT-process is a minor mode for GNU Emacs/XEmacs which transforms it into a powerful editor with
+XSLT processing and debugging capabilities.
+
+The mode currently supports two Java XSLT processors:
+
+ * Saxon - fully supported, including debugging capabilities.
+ * Xalan - fully supported, including debugging capabilities.
+
+ http://xslt-process.sourceforge.net/
+ home page
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/en-phonetic.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+* About.
+
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_orthography
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English_dialects
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English
+
+* Деление на слоги (syllable).
+** В слове число слогов равно числу гласных звуков.
+ba-by, pis-ton
+** Если на границе слогораздела одна согласная, то она отходит ко второму слогу.
+e-ven, o-pen, i-tem
+** Если на границе слогораздела более одной согласной, то только первая согласная относится к первому слогу.
+hus-band, pen-cil, mem-ber, sym-ptom
+** Слог образуют сочетания согласных с "l" и "r", если за ними следует конечное нечитаемое "e".
+ta-ble, a-ble, cy-cle, a-cre
+
+* Типы слогов.
+** Открытый слог (open syllable).
+*** Заканчивается на гласную.
+ba-by
+*** Слог, который стоит перед ND / LD, считается открытым.
+** Закрытый слог (closed syllable).
+*** Заканчивается на согласную, кроме "r".
+sys-tem
+** Ударный слог (stressed syllable).
+*** Обычно первый слог.
+pi-lot [ˈpaɪlot], paper [ˈpeɪpə]
+*** В производных словах смещение ударения как правило не происходит.
+nature/natural [ˈneɪʧə/ˈnæʧrəl], mark/remark [mɑːk/rɪˈmɑːk], press/impress [pres/ɪmˈpres]
+** Неударный слог (unstressed syllable).
+* Буква "e" в конце слова не читается.
+life [laɪf], table [teɪbl], dandle [dændl]
+
+* "a" в открытом ударном слоге - [eɪ].
+ na-me [neɪm], la-ter [ˈlaɪtə]
+ !!! have [hæv], many [ˈmenɪ], family [ˈfæemɪlɪ]
+* "a" перед "nge" - [eɪ].
+ range [reɪndʒ], danger [deɪndʒə]
+* "ai" в ударном положении - [eɪ].
+ main [meɪn], traine [treɪn], raise [reɪz]
+ !!! said [sed]
+* "ay" в ударном положении - [eɪ].
+ may [meɪ], pay [peɪ], stay [meɪ]
+* "a" в закрытом ударном слоге - [æ].
+ cat [cæt], lat-ter [ˈlætə], fan-cy [ˈfænsɪ]
+* "ar" - [ɑː].
+ car [cɑː], arm [ɑːm], park [pɑːk]
+* "a" в сочетании "ass" - [ɑː].
+ glass [ɡlɑːs], pass [pɑːs], class [klɑːs]
+ !!! mass [mæs]
+* "a" в сочетании "ast" - [ɑː].
+ fast [fɑːst], mast [mɑːst], cast [cɑːst]
+ !!! tasty [ˈteɪstɪ]
+* "a" в сочетании "ant" - [ɑː].
+ grant [ɡrɑːnt], plant [plɑːnt], slant [slɑːnt]
+* "a" в сочетании "anch" - [ɑː].
+ branch [brɑːnʧ]
+* "a" в сочетании "alf" - [ɑː].
+ half [hɑːlf], calf [kɑːlf]
+* "a" в сочетании "ask" - [ɑː].
+ ask [ɑːsk], task [tɑːsk], mask [mɑːsk]
+* "a" в сочетании "ath" - [ɑː].
+ father [ˈfɑːθə], bath [bɑːθ]
+ !!! gather [ˈɡæðə]
+* "a" в сочетании "ance" - [ɑː].
+ chance [ʧɑːns], advance [ədˈvɑːns]
+* "a" в сочетании "aft" - [ɑː].
+ shaft [ʃɑːft], after [ˈɑːftə], craft [krɑːft], draft [drɑːft]
+* "air" - [ɛə].
+ stair [stɛə], hair [hɛə], affair [əˈfɛə]
+* "are" - [ɛə].
+ care [kɛə], fare [fɛə], scare [skɛə]
+* "a" перед "ll" или "l"+согласная - [ɔː].
+ ball [bɔːl], chalk [ʧɔːk], install [ɪnˈstɔːl], almost [ɔːlməust]
+* "au" - [ɔː].
+ launch [lɔːnʧ]
+ !!! aunt [ɑːnt]
+* "aw" - [ɔː].
+ saw [sɔː],
+* "aught" - [ɔːt].
+ naught [nɔːt]
+* "auth" - [ɔːθ].
+ author [ˈɔːθə]
+* "ar" после "w" или "qu" - [ɔː].
+ war [wɔː], warm [wɔːm], quartz [kwɔːts]
+* "a" в закрытом слоге после "w" или "wh" - [ɔ].
+ want [wɔt], wash [waʃ], what [wɔt]
+* "a" в неударном положении - [ə].
+ data [ˈdeɪtə], agenda [əˈdʒendə]
+* "ai", "ay" в неударном положении - [ɪ].
+ captain [ˈkæptɪn], Monday [ˈmʌndɪ]
+* "age" в неударном положении - [ɪdʒ].
+ marriage [ˈmærɪdʒ], sausage ['sɔsɪdʒ]
+
+* "e" в открытом ударном слоге - [iː].
+ he [hiː], le-gal [ˈliːɡəl]
+* "ea" - [iː].
+ mean [miːn], seat [siːt], speak [spiːk]
+ !!! great [ɡreɪt], bread [bred], head [hed]
+* "ee" - [iː].
+ keen [kiːn], feel [fiːl], see [siː]
+* "e" в закрытом ударном слоге - [e].
+ bed [bed], letter [ˈletə], nest [nest]
+* "ea" перед "d", "n", "th", "sure" - [e].
+ bread [bred], ready [ˈredɪ], weather [ˈweθə], pleasure [ˈpleʒə], measure [ˈmeʒə], meant [ment]
+* "er" в ударном слоге - [əː].
+ her [həː], term [təːm], serve [səːv], permanent [ˈpəːmənənt]
+* "ear" + согласная - [əː].
+ heard [həːd], learn [ləːn], earth [əːθ]
+* "ear" - [ɪə].
+ near [nɪə], fear [fɪə], clear [klɪə]
+* "eer" - [ɪə].
+ engineer [ˌendʒɪˈnɪə], cheer [ʧɪə]
+* "ere" - [ɪə].
+ mere [mɪə], here [hɪə], sphere [sfɪə]
+ !!! there [θɛə], where [wɛə], were [wəː]
+* "e" в закрытом неударном слоге - [ə].
+ sentence - [ˈsentəns]
+* "er" в неударном положении - [ə].
+ member [ˈmembə], answer [ˈɑːnsə], maker [ˈmeɪkə], perhaps [pəˈhæps]
+* "e" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ].
+ event [ɪˈvent], effect [ɪˈfect], elect [iˈlekt]
+* "er" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ].
+ regret [rɪˈɡret], repair [rɪˈpɛə], remain [rɪˈmeɪn]
+* "et" в конце слова - [ɪt].
+ market [ˈmɑːkɪt], planet [ˈplænɪt], genet [ˈdʒenɪt], cutlet [ˈcʌltɪd]
+* "ei" в неударном слоге - [ɪ].
+ foreign [ˈfɔrɪn]
+* "ey" - [ɪ].
+ hockey [ˈhɔkɪ], money [ˈmʌnɪ]
+* "ew" - [juː].
+ new [njuː], few [fjuː]
+* "ew" после звуков [r, l, dʒ] - [uː].
+ crew [kruː], grew [gruː]
+* "eu" - [juː].
+ deuce [djuːs]
+* "ei" в ударном слоге - [eɪ].
+ vein [veɪn], freight [freɪt], eight [eɪt]
+* "ey" в ударном слоге - [eɪ].
+ they [θeɪ]
+
+* "i" в открытом ударном слоге - [aɪ].
+ fi-ve [faɪv], li-ner [ˈlaɪnə], pi-lot [ˈpaɪlət], time [taɪm]
+ !!! machine [məʃiːn], cinema [ˈsɪnimə], live [lɪv], give [ɡɪv]
+* "i" перед "nd" - [aɪ].
+ kind [kaɪnd], find [faɪnd].
+ !!! wind [wɪnd]
+* "i" перед "ld" - [aɪ].
+ wild [waɪld], mild [maɪld]
+* "i" перед "gn" - [aɪ].
+ sign [saɪn], design [dɪˈzaɪn]
+* "i" перед "gh" - [aɪ].
+ light [laɪt], sight [saɪt]
+ !!! wind [wɪnd]
+* "ie" на конце односложных слов - [aɪ].
+ die [daɪ], lie [laɪ]
+* "i" в закрытом ударном слоге - [i].
+ pin [pɪn], din-ner [ˈdɪnə], stick [stɪk], since [sɪns]
+* "i" в неударном положении - [i].
+ immense [ɪˈmens], imagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn]
+* "ir" в ударном положении - [əː].
+ first [fəːst], girl [ɡəːl], third [θəːd]
+* "ire" - [aɪə].
+ fire [faɪə], mire [maɪə], entire [inˈtaɪə]
+* "ia" - [aɪə].
+ diamond [daɪəmənd], dialogue [ˈdaɪəlɔɡ]
+* "io" - [aɪə].
+ prior [praɪə], pioneer [ˌpaɪəˈniə], violate [ˈvaɪəleɪt]
+* "ie" в середине корневых слов - [iː].
+ field [fiːld], brief [briːf], grieve [ɡriːv]
+ !!! friend [frend]
+
+* "o" в открытом ударном слоге - [ou].
+ no [nou], ro-se [rouz], so-fa [ˈsoufə]
+ !!! do [duː], does [dʌz]
+* "old" - [oul].
+ cold [could]
+* "ol" - [oul].
+ control [kəntroul]
+* "oll" - [oul].
+ roll [roul]
+* "oa" - [ou].
+ road [roud], boat [bout], load [loud], loan [loun], oak [ouk]
+* "ow" в конце слов - [ou].
+ know [nou], window [ˈwindou], low [lou]
+ !!! now [nau], how [hau], cow [kau]
+* "o" перед "st" - [ou].
+ post [poust], most [moust]
+ !!! cost [kɔst], lost [lɔst], frost [frɔst]
+* "o" в закрытом ударном слоге - [ɔ].
+ on [ɔn], clock [clɔk], ob-ject [ɔbdʒɪkt], stop [stɔp], not [nɔt], got [ɡɔt]
+* "ou" в середине слова - [au].
+ town [taun], brown [braun], found [faund], pound [paud], sound [saund]
+ !!! enough [ɪˈnʌf], country [ˈkʌntrɪ], trouble [trʌbl], touch [tʌʧ], young [jʌŋ], bowl [boul]
+* "or" в ударном положении - [ɔː].
+ fork [fɔːk], short [ʃɔːt], sport [spɔːt], port [pɔːt]
+* "oor" - [ɔː].
+ floor [flɔː], door [dɔː]
+ !!! pore [puə]
+* "ore" - [ɔː].
+ more [mɔː], core [cɔː], bore [bɔː], ore [ɔː], before [bɪˈfɔː]
+* "oar" - [ɔː].
+ board [bɔːd]
+* "our" в середине слова - [ɔː].
+ mourn [mɔːn], source [sɔːs]
+ !!! courage [ˈcʌridʒ]
+* "our" под ударением - [auə].
+ our [auə], hour [hauə], sour [sauə]
+* "or" в неударном положении - [ə].
+ visitor [ˈvɪzɪtə], doctor [ˈdɔktə], operator [ˈɔpəreɪtə]
+* "our" на конце слов - [ə].
+ labour [ˈleɪbə], vapour [ˈveɪpə]
+* "oi" - [ɔɪ].
+ voice [vɔɪs], coil [cɔɪl], toil [tɔɪl], oil [ɔɪl], noise [nɔɪz]
+* "oy" - [ɔɪ].
+ alloy [ˈælɔɪ], boy [bɔɪ], toy [tɔɪ]
+* "oo" - [uː].
+ food [fuːd], root [ruːt], noon [nuːn], too [tuː], moon [muːn], pool [puːl], doom [duːm]
+ !!! good [ɡud], wood [wud], foot [fut], blood [blʌd], flood [flʌd]
+* "oo" перед "k" - [u].
+ book [buk], look [luk], took [tuk], hook [huk]
+* "ous" на конце слов - [əs].
+ various [ˈvɛərɪəs], tremendous [trɪˈmendəs]
+* "oth" под ударением - [ʌθ].
+ mother [ˈmʌθə], other [ˈʌθə], brother [ˈbrʌθə], another [əˈnʌθə]
+ !!! both [bouθ]
+* "on" под ударением - [ʌn].
+ month [mʌnθ], son [sʌn], front [frʌnt], London [ˈlʌndən]
+ !!! on [ɔn]
+* "om" под ударением - [ʌm].
+ come [kʌm], some [sʌm]
+* "ov" под ударением - [ʌv].
+ cover [ˈkʌvə], oven [ˈʌvn]
+
+* "u" в открытом ударном слоге - [juː].
+ pu-pil [pjuːpl], stu-dent [ˈstjuːdənt], use [juːz]
+* "u" в закрытом ударном слоге - [ʌ].
+ num-ber [ˈnʌmbə], un-cle [ʌŋkl], bus [bʌs]
+ !!! put [put], push [puʃ], pull [pul], full [ful], bush [buʃ]
+* "ue" после "l", "r", "j" - [uː].
+ blue [bluː], true [truː]
+* "ui" после "l", "r", "j" - [uː].
+ cruise [kruːz], juice [dʒuːs], fruit [fruːt]
+* "u" в неударном положении - [ə].
+ upon [əˈpɔn], supply [səpˈlaɪ], suspend [səsˈpend], difficult [ˈdɪfɪcəlt]
+ !!! mercury [ˈməːkjuːrɪ]
+* "ur" в ударном слоге - [əː].
+ curtain [kəːtn], turn [təːn], curve [cəːv], surface [ˈsəːfɪs]
+* "u" перед "r" + гласная - [juə].
+ pure [pjuə], cure [kjuə], curious [ˈkjuərɪəs]
+ !!! sure [ʃuə]
+
+* "y" в открытом ударном слоге - [aɪ].
+ my [maɪ], try [traɪ], ty-pist [ˈtaɪpɪst], cycle [saɪkl]
+* "y" в закрытом ударном слоге - [ɪ].
+ sym-bol [ˈsɪməl], symptom [ˈsɪmptəm]
+* "y" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ].
+ sorry [ˈsɔrɪ], tasty [ˈteɪstɪ], family [ˈfæemɪlɪ], tardy [ˈtɑːdɪ]
+* "y" в начале слов перед гласными - [j].
+ yet [jet], yard [jɑːd], year [jəː]
+* "yr" + гласная - [aɪə].
+ tyre [taɪə], tyrant [taɪərənt], gyroplane [dzaɪrəpleɪn]
+* "yr" + согласная - [əː].
+ myrtle [məːtl]
+
+* "alk" - [ɔːk].
+ chalk [ʧɔːk], talk [tɔːk], walk [wɔːk]
+* "aught" - [ɔːt].
+ XXX
+* "bt" - [t].
+ debt [det], doubt [daut]
+* "c" обычно - [k].
+ cap [kæp], come [kʌm], cup [kʌp]
+* "c" перед буквами "e", "i", "y" - [s].
+ cent [sent], face [feɪs], city [ˈsɪtɪ]
+* "ch" - [ʧ].
+ child [ʧaɪld], chalk [ʧɔːk], chain [ʧeɪn], chess [ʧes]
+* "cial" - [ʃ(ə)l].
+ special [ˈspeʃ(ə)l], commercial [kəˈməːʃ(ə)l]
+* "cient" - [ʃ(ə)nt].
+ efficient [ɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nt]
+* "ck" - [k].
+ black [blæk], clock [klɔk], thick [θɪk].
+* "g" обычно - [g].
+ game [ɡeɪm], glad [ɡlæd], go [ɡəu]
+* "g" перед буквами "e", "i", "y" - [dʒ].
+ gypsy [ˈdʒɪpsɪ], gem [dʒem]
+* "gn" - [n].
+ sign [saɪn], gnome [nəum]
+* "gm" - [m].
+ paradigm ['pærədaɪm]
+* "gh" не читается.
+ though [ðou], through [θruː]
+ !!! enough [ɪˈnʌf], laugh [lɑːf]
+* "ght" - [t].
+ might [maɪt], fight [faɪt]
+* "igh" - [aɪ].
+ high [haɪ], fight [faɪt]
+* "ild" - [aɪld].
+ child [ʧaɪld], wild [waɪld]
+* "imb" - [aɪm].
+ climb - [klaɪm]
+* "ince" - [aɪns].
+ XXX
+* "ind" - [aɪnd].
+ mind [maɪnd], find [faɪnd], kind [kaɪnd]
+* "ing" - [iŋ].
+ signing [ˈsaɪniŋ], running [ˈrʌnɪŋ]
+* "ink" - [iŋk].
+ think [θɪŋk], link [lɪŋk]
+* "j" - [dʒ].
+ jump [dʒʌmp]
+* "kn" в начале слова - [n].
+ know [kəu], knot [nɔt]
+* "lf" - [f].
+ calf [kɑːf], half [hɑːf]
+ !!! gulf [ɡʌlf]
+* "lm" - [m].
+ balm [bɑːm], calm [kɑːm], holm [həum], palm [pɑːm]
+* "mb" - [m].
+ climb [klaɪm], limb [laɪm], comb [koum]
+* "mn" на конце слова - [m].
+ autumn [ˈɔːtəm], damn [dæm], hymn [hɪm]
+* "ness" в неударном положении - [nɪs].
+ emptiness - [ˈemptɪnɪs]
+* "ng" - [ŋ].
+ long [lɔŋ], song [sɔŋ], string [strɪŋ]
+* "ng" и "g" относится к разным слогам - [ŋɡ].
+ angry [ˈæŋɡrɪ], English [ˈɪŋɡliʃ]
+* "nk" - [ŋk].
+ ink [ɪŋk], think [θɪŋk]
+* "ough" без последующего "t" - [uː].
+ XXX
+* "ought" - [ɔːt].
+ brought [brɔːt], thought [θɔːt], fought [fɔːt]
+* "ould" - [ud].
+ could [kud], should [shud], would [wud]
+* "ph" - [f].
+ photo [ˈfoutou], sphere [sfɪə], phrase [freɪz]
+* "pn" - [n].
+ pneumonia [njuːˈmənjə]
+* "pt" - [t].
+ receipt [rɪˈsɪːt]
+* "qu" - [kw].
+ quick [kwɪk], question ['kwesʧ(ə)n]
+* "ft" - [f].
+ often [ɔfn]
+* "r" в конце слов если следующее слова начинается с гласной - [r].
+ our own room [auər oun rum]
+* "s" в начале слов - [s].
+ send [send], spend [spend]
+* "s" перед и после глухой согласной - [s].
+ test [test], cups [kʌps]
+* "s" после гласных - [z].
+ as [az], days [deɪz]
+* "s" между гласными - [z].
+ nose [nouz]
+* "s" на конце слов после звонких согласных и гласных - [z].
+ pens [penz], bells [belz]
+* "sh" - [ʃ].
+ she [ʃiː], should [ʃud], sheep [ʃiːp]
+* "sion" после гласной - [ʒn].
+ incision [ɪnˈsɪʒ(ə)n]
+* "sion" после согласной - [ʃn].
+ pension [penʃn]
+* "sl" - [l].
+ aisle [aɪl], island [ˈaɪlənd]
+* "ss" - [s].
+ chess [ʧes], Bess [bes], dress [dres]
+* "st" - [s].
+ castle [kaːsl], listen [lɪsn], whistle [wɪsl]
+* "ssion" - [ʃ(ə)n].
+ commission [kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n], progression [prəuˈɡreʃ(ə)n]
+* "ssure" - [ʃə].
+ XXX
+* "stion" - [sʧn].
+ question [qwesʧn]
+* "sure" -[ʒə].
+ measure [ˈmeʒə], pleasure [ˈplezhə]
+* "tch" - [ʧ].
+ watch [wɔʧ], pitch [pɪʧ]
+* "tion" - [ʃ(ə)n].
+ communication [kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n], station [steɪʃ(ə)n], nation [neɪʃn]
+* "th" в начале и в конце знаменательных слов - [θ].
+ thin [θin], thick [θik], bath [bɑːθ]
+* "th" в служебных словах, наречиях, местоимениях - [ð].
+ the [ðə], with [wið], though [ðou], then [ðen], this [ðis], that [ðæt]
+* "th" между двумя гласными - [ð].
+ bathe [beið], clothe [klouð]
+* "ture" - [ʧə].
+ picture [ˈpɪkʧə], lecture [ˈlekʧə], culture [ˈcʌlʧə]
+* "x" - [ks].
+ six [sɪks]
+* "wa" - [wɔ].
+ want [wɔnt], wash [wɔʃ]
+* "wh" перед гласными кроме "o" - [w].
+ while [waɪl], whack [wæk]
+* "wh" перед "o" - [h].
+ who [huː], whom [huːm], whose [huːz]
+* "wha" - [wɔ].
+ what [wɔt]
+* "wor" в ударном положении - [wəː].
+ worse [wəːs], world [wəːld], work [wəːk], worm [wəːm]
+ !!! worn [wɔːn]
+* "wr" - [r].
+ write [raɪt], wrong [rɔŋ]
+* "xh" - [ks].
+ exhibition [ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn]
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/en-punctuation.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+ English Punctuation Guide.
+
+* Punctuation symbol.
+
+ ! exclamation mark
+ "" single quotation marks
+ '' double quotation marks
+ ' apostrophe
+ , comma
+ - hyphen
+ . full stop (period USA)
+ : colon
+ ; semi colon
+ ? question mark
+ ... ellipsis
+
+* General rules.
+
+ * Put end-of-sentence punctuation inside quotation marks.
+ * Put commas and other sentence punctuation outside of parentheses.
+ * Put a comma (plus a space) before and, but, or, and nor when they join two
+ sentences.
+ * The semicolon (;) is not used widely in English and probably should be
+ avoided by non-native writers.
+ * Names of newspapers, books, movies, ships, magazines, journals, and poems
+ are usually italicized or underlined.
+
+** Capital letter.
+
+ 1 A capital is used for the first letter of a new sentence, of quoted speech
+ or proper nouns.
+ 2 The first letter of a sentence does not need to be capitalized if it is
+ included in parenthesis within another sentence.
+ 3 A capital letter is always used for the first person singular subjective
+ personal pronoun I.
+ 4 A capital is used for the first letter of key words in headings and titles.
+ If such titles are hyphenated then both components are given capitalized
+ first letters.
+ 5 A capital is used for the first letter of key words in historical events.
+ 6 A capital is used for the first letter of religions and many other
+ religious words.
+ 7 A capital is used for the first letter of names of months and days of the
+ week, but not of seasons.
+ 8 Holidays should also be capitalized.
+
+Example:
+
+ [3] My boss and I agreed that I should make up for the time I had lost.
+ [4] The Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries
+ [4] The Centers for Disease Control
+ [4] Vice-President Dick Cheney
+ [5] The Battle of Waterloo
+ [5] The Great Fire of London
+ [6] Devout Christians do daily Bible study.
+ [7] After a long, hot summer she married him on a sultry Saturday in September.
+ [8] January 1 is New Year's Day.
+
+** Spaces.
+
+ * Put one space after punctuation.
+ * Put no spaces before punctuation, but always put a space between words.
+ * Put no spaces after periods inside abbreviations.
+ * Put no space before or after an apostrophe.
+ * Put no space on the "inside" of quotation marks (often called "quotes").
+ * Put no space on the "inside" of parentheses.
+
+Some old rules:
+
+ * Put two spaces after colons and between sentences.
+
+
+* Exclamation mark, '!'.
+
+ * Exclamation marks act as a full stop.
+ * An exclamation mark is most often used to show shock, surprise, horror or
+ pleasure.
+ * No space is needed before an exclamation mark, at least one space after one
+ (two spaces for purists).
+
+Example:
+
+ Oh! Wow! Brilliant!
+ It was shocking!
+
+* Apostrophe, "'".
+
+ * Apostrophes next to the letter ('s) indicate possession or belonging.
+ * They are also used to show missing letters in shortened words, especially in
+ informal writing.
+ * No space is needed before or after the apostrophe.
+
+Example:
+
+ This is Lynne's web site.
+ It's a nice day today, isn't it? I've got an idea. Let's go out.
+
+* Comma, ','.
+
+ 1 Separate items in long lists.
+ 2 Commas point out brief pauses in a complex sentence or a long prepositional
+ phrase.
+ 3 Comma is included before the conjunction 'and' which comes
+ before the final element of a list (for purists).
+ 4 Introduce a direct quote.
+ 5 Separate appositives (a noun, or noun phrase) or non-defining relative
+ clauses.
+ 6 Use a comma if your subject has two or more adjectives describing it.
+ * You do not put a space before a comma, but you do need a space after one.
+ ? We don't usually put a comma before the word 'and'.
+
+Example:
+
+ [1] There were a lot of people in the room, teachers, students and parents.
+ [2] The teachers were sitting, the students were listening and the parents
+ were just worrying.
+ [2] Although he wanted to come, he wasn't able to attend the course.
+ [3] I like reading, listening to music, and visiting with my friends.
+ [4] The boy said, "My father is often away during the week on business trips."
+ [4] His doctor replied, "If you don't stop smoking, you run the risk of a
+ heart attack."
+ [5] Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, comes from Seattle.
+ [5] My only sister, who is a fantastic tennis player, is in great shape.
+ [6] The powerful, resonating sound caught our attention.
+
+* Colon, ':'.
+
+ 1 Colons precede a list, an explanation or an example.
+ 2 The colon is used to separate two main clauses where the first is an
+ introduction to the second.
+ 3 To introduce a direct quote (a comma can also be used in this situation).
+ * You do not put a space before a colon, but you do need a space after one.
+
+Example:
+
+ [1] There are two main shopping areas in Nottingham: Broadmarsh Centre and
+ Victoria Centre.
+ [2] The pilot had an awful realization: he had forgotten to turn off the gas
+ at breakfast time.
+ [3] He announced to his friends: "I'm getting married!"
+
+* Full stop (period), '.'.
+
+ 1 Full stops (periods in the USA) go at the end of sentences that are
+ statements.
+ 2 They are also used to mark abbreviations. If such an abbreviation occurs at
+ the very end of a sentence, the final dot is not usually written twice.
+ * You do not put a space before a full stop, but you do need at least one
+ space after one (two spaces for purists).
+
+Example:
+
+ [1] My name is Lynn. I am a teacher.
+ [2] An overhead projector is often referred to as an O.H.P.
+
+* Hyphen, '-'.
+
+ * Hyphens are used to connect words or syllables, or to divide words into
+ parts.
+ * You don't use a space on either side of a hyphen.
+
+Example:
+
+ There were ninety-nine red balloons.
+
+* Question mark, '?'.
+
+ 1 Question marks go at the end of sentences that are questions.
+ 2 You need a question mark at the end of tag questions.
+ * For quotes within quotes, use single quotes.
+ * You do not put a space before a question mark, but you do need at least one
+ space after one (two spaces for purists).
+
+For example:
+
+ [1] Is my name Lynn? Of course it is.
+ [2] It's a nice day, isn't it?
+
+* Semicolon, ';'.
+
+ 1 Semicolons are used to separate two sentences that would otherwise be
+ joined with a word such as 'and', 'because', 'since', 'unless' or 'while'.
+ 2 To separate groups of words that are themselves separated by commas.
+ * You do not put a space before a semicolon, but you do need a space after one.
+
+Example:
+
+ [1] I'm looking forward to our next lesson; I'm sure it will be a lot of fun.
+ [2] They plan to study German, for their travels; chemistry, for their work;
+ and literature, for their own enjoyment.
+
+
+* Quotation mark (speech mark), '""', "''".
+
+Double quotes '""', single quotes "''".
+
+ * Quotation marks (single or double) are used to show words that are directly
+ spoken (direct speech).
+ * Only the words actually being quoted are enclosed by speech marks.
+ * You need a space before the opening speech mark, but no space after it, and
+ a space after the closing one, but no space before it.
+ * Another general rule is to use a comma after the introduction to quoted
+ speech or writing.
+ * Sometimes when writing a spoken sentence it is split in two. The speech
+ marks must then be placed at the beginning and end of each part of the
+ sentence. Commas are used to separate the spoken part from the rest of the
+ sentence.
+ * If you need a question mark or exclamation mark the markers that punctuate
+ the quoted words are enclosed by the speech marks.
+
+Example:
+
+ "Could everyone sit down please," said the teacher.
+ Jaime said, "I love you."
+ "I wonder," she said quietly, "whether people will ever truly understand each other."
+ "I don't understand," replied Nathan. "Do you understand?" asked Nathan. "I don't understand!" shouted Nathan.
+ Nathan replied, "I don't understand." Nathan asked, "Do you understand?" Nathan shouted, "I don't understand!"
+ He wrote in 1946 that, "The key word in digital computer is 'digital'."
+
+* Ellipsis, '...'.
+
+ 1 Ellipsis used to show that something has been omitted, indicate missing
+ words in an incomplete quotation.
+
+Example:
+
+ [1] Chomsky suggested that, "Language is a system that...can be described in
+ an algebraic notation."
+
+* Dash, '-', '--'.
+
+ 1 The dash should be used when making a brief interruption within a
+ statement, a sudden change of thought, an additional comment, or a dramatic
+ qualification.
+
+* Parentheses '()'.
+
+ 1 Use parentheses to clarify, to place an afterthought, or to add a personal
+ comment. Be sure to include the period after the closing parenthesis.
+
+Example:
+
+ [1] Steve Case (AOL's former CEO) resigned from the Time-Warner board of
+ directors in 2005.
+ [1] You will need a flashlight for the camping trip (don't forget the
+ batteries!).
+ [1] Most grammarians believe that parentheses and commas are always
+ interchangeable (I disagree).
+
+* Brackets '[]'.
+
+ 1 Use brackets to signify an editor's note in a regular piece of writing. You
+ can also use brackets to clarify or to revise a direct quote so that it
+ appeals to your own writing.
+ 2 The first brackets are rounded, and brackets inside brackets are squared.
+
+Example:
+
+ [1] "[The blast] was absolutely devastating," said Susan Smith.
+
+* Slash '/'.
+
+ 1 Use the slash to separate "and" and "or", when appropriate.
+ 2 The slash can replace the word "and" to join two nouns.
+ 3 The slash is used when quoting lyrics and poetry to denote a line break. Be
+ sure to add spaces between your slashes here.
+
+Example:
+
+ [1] To register, you will need your driver's license and/or your birth
+ certificate."
+ [2] The student/part-time employee has very little free time.
+ [3] "Row, row, row your boat / gently down the stream / life is but a dream."
+
--- a/english-punctuation.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,275 +0,0 @@
--*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
-
- English Punctuation Guide.
-
-* Punctuation symbol.
-
- ! exclamation mark
- "" single quotation marks
- '' double quotation marks
- ' apostrophe
- , comma
- - hyphen
- . full stop (period USA)
- : colon
- ; semi colon
- ? question mark
- ... ellipsis
-
-* General rules.
-
- * Put end-of-sentence punctuation inside quotation marks.
- * Put commas and other sentence punctuation outside of parentheses.
- * Put a comma (plus a space) before and, but, or, and nor when they join two
- sentences.
- * The semicolon (;) is not used widely in English and probably should be
- avoided by non-native writers.
- * Names of newspapers, books, movies, ships, magazines, journals, and poems
- are usually italicized or underlined.
-
-** Capital letter.
-
- 1 A capital is used for the first letter of a new sentence, of quoted speech
- or proper nouns.
- 2 The first letter of a sentence does not need to be capitalized if it is
- included in parenthesis within another sentence.
- 3 A capital letter is always used for the first person singular subjective
- personal pronoun I.
- 4 A capital is used for the first letter of key words in headings and titles.
- If such titles are hyphenated then both components are given capitalized
- first letters.
- 5 A capital is used for the first letter of key words in historical events.
- 6 A capital is used for the first letter of religions and many other
- religious words.
- 7 A capital is used for the first letter of names of months and days of the
- week, but not of seasons.
- 8 Holidays should also be capitalized.
-
-Example:
-
- [3] My boss and I agreed that I should make up for the time I had lost.
- [4] The Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries
- [4] The Centers for Disease Control
- [4] Vice-President Dick Cheney
- [5] The Battle of Waterloo
- [5] The Great Fire of London
- [6] Devout Christians do daily Bible study.
- [7] After a long, hot summer she married him on a sultry Saturday in September.
- [8] January 1 is New Year's Day.
-
-** Spaces.
-
- * Put one space after punctuation.
- * Put no spaces before punctuation, but always put a space between words.
- * Put no spaces after periods inside abbreviations.
- * Put no space before or after an apostrophe.
- * Put no space on the "inside" of quotation marks (often called "quotes").
- * Put no space on the "inside" of parentheses.
-
-Some old rules:
-
- * Put two spaces after colons and between sentences.
-
-
-* Exclamation mark, '!'.
-
- * Exclamation marks act as a full stop.
- * An exclamation mark is most often used to show shock, surprise, horror or
- pleasure.
- * No space is needed before an exclamation mark, at least one space after one
- (two spaces for purists).
-
-Example:
-
- Oh! Wow! Brilliant!
- It was shocking!
-
-* Apostrophe, "'".
-
- * Apostrophes next to the letter ('s) indicate possession or belonging.
- * They are also used to show missing letters in shortened words, especially in
- informal writing.
- * No space is needed before or after the apostrophe.
-
-Example:
-
- This is Lynne's web site.
- It's a nice day today, isn't it? I've got an idea. Let's go out.
-
-* Comma, ','.
-
- 1 Separate items in long lists.
- 2 Commas point out brief pauses in a complex sentence or a long prepositional
- phrase.
- 3 Comma is included before the conjunction 'and' which comes
- before the final element of a list (for purists).
- 4 Introduce a direct quote.
- 5 Separate appositives (a noun, or noun phrase) or non-defining relative
- clauses.
- 6 Use a comma if your subject has two or more adjectives describing it.
- * You do not put a space before a comma, but you do need a space after one.
- ? We don't usually put a comma before the word 'and'.
-
-Example:
-
- [1] There were a lot of people in the room, teachers, students and parents.
- [2] The teachers were sitting, the students were listening and the parents
- were just worrying.
- [2] Although he wanted to come, he wasn't able to attend the course.
- [3] I like reading, listening to music, and visiting with my friends.
- [4] The boy said, "My father is often away during the week on business trips."
- [4] His doctor replied, "If you don't stop smoking, you run the risk of a
- heart attack."
- [5] Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, comes from Seattle.
- [5] My only sister, who is a fantastic tennis player, is in great shape.
- [6] The powerful, resonating sound caught our attention.
-
-* Colon, ':'.
-
- 1 Colons precede a list, an explanation or an example.
- 2 The colon is used to separate two main clauses where the first is an
- introduction to the second.
- 3 To introduce a direct quote (a comma can also be used in this situation).
- * You do not put a space before a colon, but you do need a space after one.
-
-Example:
-
- [1] There are two main shopping areas in Nottingham: Broadmarsh Centre and
- Victoria Centre.
- [2] The pilot had an awful realization: he had forgotten to turn off the gas
- at breakfast time.
- [3] He announced to his friends: "I'm getting married!"
-
-* Full stop (period), '.'.
-
- 1 Full stops (periods in the USA) go at the end of sentences that are
- statements.
- 2 They are also used to mark abbreviations. If such an abbreviation occurs at
- the very end of a sentence, the final dot is not usually written twice.
- * You do not put a space before a full stop, but you do need at least one
- space after one (two spaces for purists).
-
-Example:
-
- [1] My name is Lynn. I am a teacher.
- [2] An overhead projector is often referred to as an O.H.P.
-
-* Hyphen, '-'.
-
- * Hyphens are used to connect words or syllables, or to divide words into
- parts.
- * You don't use a space on either side of a hyphen.
-
-Example:
-
- There were ninety-nine red balloons.
-
-* Question mark, '?'.
-
- 1 Question marks go at the end of sentences that are questions.
- 2 You need a question mark at the end of tag questions.
- * For quotes within quotes, use single quotes.
- * You do not put a space before a question mark, but you do need at least one
- space after one (two spaces for purists).
-
-For example:
-
- [1] Is my name Lynn? Of course it is.
- [2] It's a nice day, isn't it?
-
-* Semicolon, ';'.
-
- 1 Semicolons are used to separate two sentences that would otherwise be
- joined with a word such as 'and', 'because', 'since', 'unless' or 'while'.
- 2 To separate groups of words that are themselves separated by commas.
- * You do not put a space before a semicolon, but you do need a space after one.
-
-Example:
-
- [1] I'm looking forward to our next lesson; I'm sure it will be a lot of fun.
- [2] They plan to study German, for their travels; chemistry, for their work;
- and literature, for their own enjoyment.
-
-
-* Quotation mark (speech mark), '""', "''".
-
-Double quotes '""', single quotes "''".
-
- * Quotation marks (single or double) are used to show words that are directly
- spoken (direct speech).
- * Only the words actually being quoted are enclosed by speech marks.
- * You need a space before the opening speech mark, but no space after it, and
- a space after the closing one, but no space before it.
- * Another general rule is to use a comma after the introduction to quoted
- speech or writing.
- * Sometimes when writing a spoken sentence it is split in two. The speech
- marks must then be placed at the beginning and end of each part of the
- sentence. Commas are used to separate the spoken part from the rest of the
- sentence.
- * If you need a question mark or exclamation mark the markers that punctuate
- the quoted words are enclosed by the speech marks.
-
-Example:
-
- "Could everyone sit down please," said the teacher.
- Jaime said, "I love you."
- "I wonder," she said quietly, "whether people will ever truly understand each other."
- "I don't understand," replied Nathan. "Do you understand?" asked Nathan. "I don't understand!" shouted Nathan.
- Nathan replied, "I don't understand." Nathan asked, "Do you understand?" Nathan shouted, "I don't understand!"
- He wrote in 1946 that, "The key word in digital computer is 'digital'."
-
-* Ellipsis, '...'.
-
- 1 Ellipsis used to show that something has been omitted, indicate missing
- words in an incomplete quotation.
-
-Example:
-
- [1] Chomsky suggested that, "Language is a system that...can be described in
- an algebraic notation."
-
-* Dash, '-', '--'.
-
- 1 The dash should be used when making a brief interruption within a
- statement, a sudden change of thought, an additional comment, or a dramatic
- qualification.
-
-* Parentheses '()'.
-
- 1 Use parentheses to clarify, to place an afterthought, or to add a personal
- comment. Be sure to include the period after the closing parenthesis.
-
-Example:
-
- [1] Steve Case (AOL's former CEO) resigned from the Time-Warner board of
- directors in 2005.
- [1] You will need a flashlight for the camping trip (don't forget the
- batteries!).
- [1] Most grammarians believe that parentheses and commas are always
- interchangeable (I disagree).
-
-* Brackets '[]'.
-
- 1 Use brackets to signify an editor's note in a regular piece of writing. You
- can also use brackets to clarify or to revise a direct quote so that it
- appeals to your own writing.
- 2 The first brackets are rounded, and brackets inside brackets are squared.
-
-Example:
-
- [1] "[The blast] was absolutely devastating," said Susan Smith.
-
-* Slash '/'.
-
- 1 Use the slash to separate "and" and "or", when appropriate.
- 2 The slash can replace the word "and" to join two nouns.
- 3 The slash is used when quoting lyrics and poetry to denote a line break. Be
- sure to add spaces between your slashes here.
-
-Example:
-
- [1] To register, you will need your driver's license and/or your birth
- certificate."
- [2] The student/part-time employee has very little free time.
- [3] "Row, row, row your boat / gently down the stream / life is but a dream."
-
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/expect.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-*- mode: outline -*-
+
+* About.
+
+ http://sourceforge.net/projects/expect/
+ source code
+
+ http://wiki.tcl.tk/201
+ links about expect on tcl wiki
+
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expect
+
+* Java implementation.
+
+ http://expectj.sourceforge.net/
+ home page
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/fossil.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+-*- mode: outline -*-
+
+* Simple work flow.
+
+ $ mkdir proj
+ $ cd proj
+ $ fossil new proj
+project-id: 3ec2bca6e6ee450ee4763d3ec43c7023e4f8fe92
+server-id: 2a7bacb2b49cd97e71753697f7e116fda9fc199c
+admin-user: user (initial password is "f8362e")
+ $ ls .
+proj
+ $ fossil open proj
+ $ ls .
+_FOSSIL_
+proj
+ $ touch hello.c
+ $ fossil add hello.c
+ADDED hello.c
+ $ fossil ci -m init
+New_Version: dc0f9cd1e8fc4ec2cd580c5fc231030313b91107
+ $ echo "#define TRUE 1" >>hello.c
+ $ fossil diff
+...
+ $ fossil status
+...
+ $ fossil ci -m "fixed bug"
+...
+ $ fossil timeline
+...
+ $ fossil leaves
+...
+ $ fossil ls
+hello.c
+ $ fossil branch list
+=== 2010-10-12 ===
+10:45:13 [a71787083b] initial empty check-in (user: user tags: trunk)
--- a/fs.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/fs.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -41,3 +41,39 @@
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365247.aspx
Naming Files, Paths, and Namespaces
+
+* Linux fs under Windows.
+
+** Ext2 IFS.
+
+It provides Windows NT4.0/2000/XP/2003/Vista/2008 with full access to Linux Ext2 volumes (read
+access and write access). This may be useful if you have installed both Windows and Linux as a dual
+boot environment on your computer.
+
+The "Ext2 Installable File System for Windows" software is freeware.
+
+After install use 'ifsdrives.cpl' control panel to modify settings.
+
+ http://www.fs-driver.org/
+ home page
+
+** Ext2Fsd.
+
+Ext2Fsd is an open source linux ext2/ext3 file system driver for Windows systems (NT/2K/XP/VISTA,
+X86/AMD64).
+
+ http://www.ext2fsd.com/
+ home page
+ http://sourceforge.net/projects/ext2fsd/
+
+** rfstool.
+
+Allows you to access ReiserFS partitions from a Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP system. It also allows
+you to access ReiserFS partitions from Linux. It is a complete rewrite of the ReiserFS functions
+needed to list directories, copy files, and backup metadata.
+
+ http://p-nand-q.com/e/reiserfs.html
+ home page
+ http://freshmeat.net/projects/rfstool/
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/gtd.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+* Time management.
+
+** Хронофаги.
+
+ * Желание знать все детали.
+ * Недостатки кооперации или разделения труда.
+ * Недостатки планирования.
+ * Нечеткая постановка цели.
+ * Обсуждение сложных вопросов без надлежащей подготовки.
+ * Отвлекающая обстановка.
+ * Отрывающие от дел телефонные звонки, письма и разговоры.
+ * Отсутствие приоритетов в делах.
+ * Попытка слишком много сделать за один раз.
+ * Потеря интереса к проекту.
+ * Распорядок дня не увязан с ритмом продуктивности.
+ * Синдром «откладывания».
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/hex.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+-*- mode: outline -*-
+
+* Dump binary data in hex.
+
+ $ od -t x1 <file
+
+or
+
+ $ hexdump -v -e '1/1 "0x%02x, "'
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/i18n.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+-*- mode: outline -*-
+
+* Microsoft.
+
+ http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Default.aspx
+ Microsoft Language Portal.
+
+** Microsoft Terminology Collection.
+
+ http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/Terminology.aspx
+ download page
+
+** Style Guide.
+
+ http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/StyleGuides.aspx
+ download page
+
+** Microsoft Translator.
+
+ http://www.microsofttranslator.com/
+ home page
+
+** Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications.
+
+3rd edition is a free download in .chm format, but Microsoft make it no longer available.
--- a/info.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/info.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -17,3 +17,7 @@
cp $i ~/usr/share/info
install-info $i ~/usr/share/info/dir
done
+
+* Remove duplicated item in dir file.
+
+ $ install-info --add-once ${info_file} /path/to/dir
--- a/java.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/java.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -118,3 +118,12 @@
http://java.sun.com/performance/reference/whitepapers/5.0_performance.html
http://java.sun.com/performance/reference/whitepapers/6_performance.html
+
+* Creating jar.
+
+ $ jar cf myFile.jar *.class
+
+ $ jar cmf myManifestFile myFile.jar *.class
+
+ $ jar -cfe Main.jar foo.Main foo/Main.class
+
--- a/javascript.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
--*- outline -*-
-
-* HTML.
-
-<noscript> tag used to render HTML if JavaScript disabled in browser.
-
-** Include in HTML.
-
- <html>
- <head>
- <script type="text/javascript" src="abc.js"></script>
- </head>
- ...
- <html>
-
-** Inline in HTML.
-
- <html>
- <h1>Hello!<h1/>
- <script language="javascript">
- <!--
- alert("Hello!")
- document.write("sin(10) = " + Math.sin(10))
- //-->
- </script>
- </html>
-
-* Hot calc by Firefox.
-
-At URI type some thing like "javascript: 4+5"
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/js.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+-*- outline -*-
+
+* HTML.
+
+<noscript> tag used to render HTML if JavaScript disabled in browser.
+
+** Include in HTML.
+
+ <html>
+ <head>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="abc.js"></script>
+ </head>
+ ...
+ <html>
+
+** Inline in HTML.
+
+ <html>
+ <h1>Hello!<h1/>
+ <script language="javascript">
+ <!--
+ alert("Hello!")
+ document.write("sin(10) = " + Math.sin(10))
+ //-->
+ </script>
+ </html>
+
+* Hot calc by Firefox.
+
+At URI type some thing like "javascript: 4+5"
--- a/laser-disk.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/laser-disk.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -59,15 +59,13 @@
Approximately 100 years under proper storage conditions (from TDK support).
- http://faq.imation.com/tdk/index.php?action=article&cat_id=011001&id=104
+ http://www.cd-info.com/archiving/
*** How many times can I rewrite to a CD-RW?
A CD-RW disc can be erased and rewritten up to a 1,000 times. Reliability and
performance will not decrease, even as the number of rewrites increase.
- http://faq.imation.com/tdk/index.php?action=article&cat_id=011001&id=111
-
** DVD.
* Burning tools.
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/ldd.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+* Mac OS X.
+
+ $ otool -L `which $prog`
+
--- a/native.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/native.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -1,13 +1,30 @@
--*- outline -*-
+-*- mode:outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+* Translation.
+
+ http://www.microsoft.com/Language/en-US/StyleGuides.aspx
+ Microsoft Style Guides are collections of rules that define language and style
+ conventions for specific languages.
+
+* Transliteration.
+
+ГОСТ 7.79-2000 аналогичен ISO 9 и действует в
+
+ Азербайджане Армении Беларуси Казахстане Киргизии России Таджикистане Туркмении Узбекистане
+
+ http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9
+ Транслитерация кириллических алфавитов славянских и неславянских языков посредством латиницы.
+ http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=55-2010-%EF&p=1264427739007490
+ Про впорядкування транслітерації українського алфавіту латиницею.
* Latin abbreviation.
** e.g.
-When you mean “for example,” use e.g. It is an abbreviation for the Latin
+When you mean "for example," use e.g. It is an abbreviation for the Latin
phrase "exempli gratia".
** i.e.
-When you mean “that is,” use “i.e.” It is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase
+When you mean "that is," use "i.e." It is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase
"id est".
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/qt.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-*- mode: outline -*-
+
+* QT Assistant.
+
+ $ assistant-qt3
+
--- a/record.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/record.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
* Screen capture.
+** recordmydesktop.
+
** Wink.
Using Wink you can capture screenshots, add explanations boxes, buttons,
--- a/refcard.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/refcard.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -10,3 +10,6 @@
http://refcards.com
http://www.digilife.be/quickreferences/quickrefs.htm
+ http://www.cheat-sheets.org
+ http://www.addedbytes.com/cheat-sheets/
+ http://refcardz.dzone.com/
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/screensaver.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+* Deactiate screensaver.
+
+** xscreensaver.
+
+ /usr/bin/xscreensaver-command -deactivate
+
+** gnome-screensaver.
+
+ $ gnome-screensaver-command -p
+
+ http://live.gnome.org/GnomeScreensaver/FrequentlyAskedQuestions#Is_there_a_way_to_perform_actions_when_the_screensaver_activates_or_deactivates.3F__Or_when_the_session_becomes_idle.3F
+
+** Watch video without screensaver.
+
+ $ mplayer −heartbeat−cmd "xscreensaver-command -deactivate" $file
+ $ mplayer -heartbeat-cmd "gnome-screensaver-command -p" $file
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/search-web.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+* Google search query syntax.
+
+ http://www.google.com/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?answer=136861
+ Google search basics: More search help
+ http://code.google.com/intl/ru/apis/soapsearch/reference.html
+ Google SOAP Search API Reference
+ http://www.google.com/cse/docs/resultsxml.html
+ Google WebSearch Protocol Reference for Google Site Search
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Search
+
+** Phrase Search.
+
+Use double quotes to search exactly mutch of string. Words marked in this way will appear together
+in all results exactly as entered.
+
+ "WORD1 WORD2 WORD3"
+
+Note: You may need to use a "+" to force inclusion of common words in a phrase.
+
+** Boolean OR Search.
+
+"OR" capital is essential.
+
+ WORD1 OR WORD2
+
+Remove site from search by "-site:"
+
+ WORD1 WORD2 -site:ebay.com -site:shopping.com
+
+** Include query term (search exactly as is).
+
+If a common word is essential to getting the results you want, you can include it by putting a "+"
+sign in front of it.
+
+ +WORD WORD1 WORD2
+
+** Exclude query term.
+
+You can exclude a word from your search by putting a minus sign ("-") immediately in front of the
+term you want to exclude from the search results.
+
+ WORD1 WORD2 -WORD
+
+** Fill in the blanks.
+
+ GNU *
+ Mozilla *
+
+** Site Restricted Search.
+
+ site:example.com WORD1 WORD2
+ site:.gov WORD
+
+** Cached Results Page.
+
+The query prefix "cache:" returns the cached HTML version of the specified web document that the
+Google search crawled. Note there can be no space between "cache:" and the web page URL. If you
+include other words in the query, Google will highlight those words within the cached document.
+
+ cache:www.google.com
+
+Use Google as a free proxy (if direct access bloked): cache:example.com
+
+** Title Search.
+
+Restricts the results to those with all of the query words in the title.
+
+ intitle:WORD1 intitle:WORD2 WORD3
+ allintitle:WORD1 WORD2
+
+Note: Putting "intitle:" in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting "allintitle:"
+at the front of your query.
+
+** URL Search.
+
+If you prepend "inurl:" to a query term, Google search restricts the results to documents containing
+that word in the result URL. Note there can be no space between the "inurl:" and the following word.
+
+Starting a query with the term "allinlinks:" restricts the results to those with all of the query
+words in the URL links on the page.
+
+ inurl:WORD1 inurl:WORD2 WORD
+ allinurl: WORD1 WORD2
+
+Note: "inurl:" works only on words, not URL components. In particular, it ignores punctuation and
+uses only the first word following the "inurl:" operator. To find multiple words in a result URL,
+use the "inurl:" operator for each word.
+
+Note: Putting "inurl:" in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting "allinurl:" at
+the front of your query.
+
+** Text Only Search.
+
+Starting a query with the term "allintext:" restricts the results to those with all of the query
+words in only the body text, ignoring link, URL, and title matches.
+
+ allintext: WORD1 WORD2
+
+** File Type Filtering.
+
+The query prefix "filetype:" filters the results returned to include only documents with the
+extension specified immediately after. Note there can be no space between "filetype:" and the
+specified extension.
+
+ WORD filetype:doc OR filetype:pdf
+
+** File Type Exclusion.
+
+The query prefix "-filetype:" filters the results to exclude documents with the extension specified
+immediately after. Note there can be no space between "-filetype:" and the specified extension.
+
+ WORD -filetype:doc -filetype:pdf
+
+** Web Document Info.
+
+The query prefix "info:" returns a single result for the specified URL if it exists in the index.
+
+ info:www.google.com
+
+Note: No other query terms can be specified when using this special query term.
+
+** Back Links.
+
+The query prefix "link:" lists web pages that have links to the specified web page.
+
+ link:www.google.com
+
+Note: there can be no space between "link:" and the web page URL.
+
+Note: No other query terms can be specified when using this special query term.
+
+** Related Links.
+
+Lists web pages that are similar to the specified web page.
+
+ related:www.google.com
+
+Note: there can be no space between "related:" and the web page URL.
+
+Note: No other query terms can be specified when using this special query term.
+
+** Word definition.
+
+The query prefix "define:" will provide a definition of the words listed after it.
+
+ define:WORD
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/security.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+* Email encryption.
+
+* Digital document signing.
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/smartcard.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+* Standards for smartcards.
+
+** Personal Identity Verification (PIV).
+
+*** FIPS 201.
+
+United States federal government standard that specifies Personal Identity
+Verification (PIV) requirements for Federal employees and contractors.
+
+ http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/piv/index.html
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIPS_201
+
+*** NIST SP 800-78 (Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Sizes for PIV).
+
+** X.509 Certificate for Digital Signature.
+
+** X.509 Certificate for Key Management.
+
+** X.509 Certificate for Card Authentication.
+
+** Card Capability Container.
+
+** Cardholder Unique Identifier.
+
+** X.509 Certificate for PIV Authentication.
+
+** Cardholder Fingerprints.
+
+** Security Object.
+
+** Cardholder Facial Image.
+
+** Printed Information.
+
+* Driver for smartcards.
+
+** Windows.
+
+ http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/device/input/smartcard/default.mspx
+ Smart Card Devices - Architecture and Driver Support
+ http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/device/input/smartcard/usb_ccid.mspx
+ Microsoft Class Drivers for USB CCID Smart Cards
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee484819.aspx
+ USB CCID Smart Card Reader Class Driver with Windows Embedded CE 6.0 R2, Windows
+ Embedded CE
+
+*** Smart Card Minidriver.
+
+ http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/device/input/smartcard/sc-minidriver.mspx
+ Smart Card Minidriver Specification
+ http://support.microsoft.com/kb/976832
+ Error message when you insert a smart card in a reader on a Windows 7-based or
+ Windows Server 2008 R2-based computer: "Device driver software was not successfully
+ installed"
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/usb.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+* Windows driver for USB.
+
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff538820%28VS.85%29.aspx
+ Drivers for the Supported USB Device Classes
+
--- a/virus.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/virus.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -18,17 +18,23 @@
$ sudo chkrootkit
...
-* Virus.
+* Debian.
-** Debian.
-
-*** ClamAV.
+** ClamAV.
anti-virus utility for Unix.
$ sudo apt-get install clamav
-** Windows.
+* Windows.
+
+** Free.
+
+*** Microsoft Security Essentials.
+
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Security_Essentials
+
+** Non free.
*** Nod32.
--- a/web.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/web.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -20,3 +20,7 @@
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537656%28VS.85%29.aspx
How to Add a Shortcut Icon to a Web Page
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favicon
+
+* Site statistics.
+
+ awstats
--- a/windows.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/windows.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -292,3 +292,18 @@
http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2010/07/28/announcing-the-upcoming-release-of-emet-v2.aspx
+* Disabling UAC.
+
+To disable UAC on the test computer, you must be able to log on with or provide the credentials of a
+member of the local Administrators group.
+
+Starting with Windows 7, UAC is disabled by following these steps:
+
+ 1. On the Start menu, type "UAC" and then click Change User Account settings.
+ 2. Move the slide bar to the bottom (Never Notify) and then click OK.
+
+On Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, UAC is disabled by following these steps:
+
+ 1. Start Control Panel and double-click User Accounts.
+ 2. In the User Accounts tasks window, click Turn User Account Control on or off.
+ 3. Clear the Use User Account Control (UAC) to help protect your computer check box, and then click OK.
--- a/xml.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:47 2010 +0200
+++ b/xml.rst Mon Nov 01 22:25:54 2010 +0200
@@ -9,3 +9,25 @@
http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/RELAX_NG
http://www.relaxng.org/compact-tutorial-20030326.html
relaxng compact syntax tutorial
+
+* CLI utilities for processing xml.
+
+** xmlstar.
+
+XMLStarlet is a set of command line utilities (tools) which can be used to transform,
+query, validate, and edit XML documents and files using simple set of shell commands in
+similar way it is done for plain text files using UNIX grep, sed, awk, diff, patch, join,
+etc.
+
+ http://xmlstar.sourceforge.net/overview.php
+ home page
+
+** Cygwin.
+
+ cmd# setup.exe -p libxml2,libxslt
+
+'libxslt' provide 'xsltproc, 'libxml2' provide 'xmlcatalog' and 'xmllint'
+
+** XPath query from CLI.
+
+ $ xmllint --xpath $XPATH file.xml