www/en-verb.rst
author Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
Tue, 06 Mar 2018 11:52:32 +0200
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===============
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 English verbs
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===============
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.. contents::
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   :local:
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.. role:: cr
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  :class: cr
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.. role:: cg
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  :class: cg
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English tenses
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==============
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Tenses of the main verb in sentence:
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========================== ============================= ================================
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  Tense    \\      Voise     Active                        Passive
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========================== ============================= ================================
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Present simple             SUB V1                        SUB :cg:`am/is/are` V3
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Present continuous         SUB :cg:`am/is/are` V-ing     SUB :cg:`am/is/are being` V-ing
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Present perfect            SUB :cg:`have/has` V3         SUB :cg:`have/has been` V3
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Present perfect continuous SUB :cg:`have/has been` V-ing SUB :cg:`have/has been being` V3
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Past simple                SUB V2                        SUB :cg:`was/were` V3
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Past continuous            SUB :cg:`was/were` V-ing      SUB :cg:`was/were being` V3
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Past perfect               SUB :cg:`had` V3              SUB :cg:`had been` V3
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========================== ============================= ================================
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Tenses of the infinitive:
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================== ======================== =======================
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  Tense \\ Voise     Active                   Passive
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================== ======================== =======================
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Present            :cg:`to` V1              :cg:`to be` V3
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Present Continuous :cg:`to be` V-ing        \-
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Perfect            :cg:`to have` V3         :cg:`to have been` V3
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Perfect Continuous :cg:`to have been` V-ing \-
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================== ======================== =======================
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Tenses of the -ing form:
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================== ================= =======================
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  Tense \\ Voise     Active            Passive
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================== ================= =======================
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Present            V-ing             :cg:`being` V3
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Perfect            :cg:`having` V3   :cg:`having been` V3
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================== ================= =======================
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Present Simple Tense
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--------------------
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``SUB`` - plural or 1st/2nd person subject, ``SUB3`` - singular 3rd person
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subject, ``V1`` - infinitive form of verb.
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Check `creating V1 + -s/-es form <en-affixes.html>`_ link for more information.
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.. table:: Statement sentence
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  +-------------------------+-----+
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  || SUB :cr:`V1`           | OBJ |
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  || SUB3 :cr:`V1 + -s/-es` |     |
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  +-------------------------+-----+
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.. table:: Negation sentence
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  +--------------------------------+-----+
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  || SUB :cg:`do not` :cr:`V1`     | OBJ |
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  || SUB :cg:`don't` :cr:`V1`      |     |
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  || SUB3 :cg:`does not` :cr:`V1`  |     |
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  || SUB3 :cg:`doesn't` :cr:`V1`   |     |
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  +--------------------------------+-----+
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.. table:: Question sentence
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  +----------------------------+------+
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  || :cg:`Do` SUB :cr:`V1`     | OBJ? |
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  || :cg:`Does` SUB3 :cr:`V1`  |      |
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  +----------------------------+------+
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Present Simple Tense for be
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---------------------------
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.. table:: Statement sentence
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  +-----------------+-----+
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  || I :cg:`am`     | OBJ |
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  || :cg:`I'm`      |     |
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  +-----------------+     |
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  || You :cg:`are`  |     |
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  || :cg:`You're`   |     |
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  || We :cg:`are`   |     |
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  || :cg:`We're`    |     |
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  || They :cg:`are` |     |
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  || :cg:`They're`  |     |
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  +-----------------+     |
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  || He :cg:`is`    |     |
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  || :cg:`He's`     |     |
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  || She :cg:`is`   |     |
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  || :cg:`She's`    |     |
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  || It :cg:`is`    |     |
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  || :cg:`It's`     |     |
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  +-----------------+-----+
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.. table:: Negation sentence
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  +---------------------+-----+
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  || I :cg:`am not`     | OBJ |
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  || :cg:`I'm not`      |     |
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  +---------------------+     |
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  || You :cg:`are not`  |     |
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  || You :cg:`aren't`   |     |
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  || :cg:`You're not`   |     |
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  || We :cg:`are not`   |     |
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  || We :cg:`aren't`    |     |
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  || :cg:`We're not`    |     |
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  || They :cg:`are not` |     |
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  || They :cg:`aren't`  |     |
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  || :cg:`They're not`  |     |
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  +---------------------+     |
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  || He :cg:`is not`    |     |
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  || He :cg:`isn't`     |     |
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  || :cg:`He's not`     |     |
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  || She :cg:`is not`   |     |
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  || She :cg:`isn't`    |     |
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  || :cg:`She's not`    |     |
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  || It :cg:`is not`    |     |
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  || It :cg:`isn't`     |     |
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  || :cg:`It's not`     |     |
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  +---------------------+-----+
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.. table:: Question sentence.
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  +------------+--------+-------+
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  || :cg:`Am`  || I     || OBJ? |
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  +------------+--------+       |
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  || :cg:`Are` || we    |       |
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  |            || you   |       |
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  |            || they  |       |
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  +------------+--------+       |
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  || :cg:`Is`  || he    |       |
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  |            || she   |       |
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  |            || it    |       |
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  +------------+--------+-------+
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Present Simple Tense for have
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-----------------------------
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.. table:: Statement sentence
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  +------------------+------+
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  || I :cg:`have`    || OBJ |
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  || :cg:`I've`      || OBJ |
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  || You :cg:`have`  |      |
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  || :cg:`You've`    |      |
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  || We :cg:`have`   |      |
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  || :cg:`We've`     |      |
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  || They :cg:`have` |      |
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  || :cg:`They've`   |      |
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  +------------------+------+
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  || He :cg:`has`    |      |
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  || :cg:`He's`      |      |
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  || She :cg:`has`   |      |
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  || :cg:`She's`     |      |
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  || It :cg:`has`    |      |
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  || :cg:`It's`      |      |
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  +------------------+------+
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.. table:: Negation sentence
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  +---------------------+------+
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  || I :cg:`have no`    || OBJ |
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  || :cg:`I've no`      |      |
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  || You :cg:`have no`  |      |
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  || :cg:`You've no`    |      |
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  || We :cg:`have no`   |      |
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  || :cg:`We've no`     |      |
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  || They :cg:`have no` |      |
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  || :cg:`They've no`   |      |
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  +---------------------+------+
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  || He :cg:`has no`    |      |
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  || :cg:`He's no`      |      |
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  || She :cg:`has no`   |      |
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  || :cg:`She's no`     |      |
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  || It :cg:`has no`    |      |
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  || :cg:`It's no`      |      |
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  +---------------------+------+
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.. table:: Question sentence
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  +-------------+-------+-------+
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  || :cg:`Have` || I    || OBJ? |
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  ||            || you  |       |
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  ||            || we   |       |
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  ||            || they |       |
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  +-------------+-------+       |
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  || :cg:`Has`  || he   |       |
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  ||            || she  |       |
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  ||            || it   |       |
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  +-------------+-------+-------+
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Past simple tense
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-----------------
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``SUB`` - subject, ``V2`` - past form of verb.
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.. table:: Statement sentence
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  +-------------------+
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  || SUB :cr:`V2` OBJ |
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  +-------------------+
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.. table:: Negation sentence
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  +------+----------------+--------------+
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  || SUB || :cg:`did not` | :cr:`V1` OBJ |
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  ||     || :cg:`did't`   |              |
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  +------+----------------+--------------+
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.. table:: Question sentence
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  +-------------------------+------+
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  || :cg:`Did` SUB :cr:`V1` | OBJ? |
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  +-------------------------+------+
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Imperative mood
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===============
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``V1`` - infinitive form of verb, ``OBJ`` - object, ``ADV`` - adverb.
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.. table:: imperative mood
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  +-------------------+
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  || :cr:`V1` OBJ     |
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  || :cr:`V1` OBJ ADV |
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  +-------------------+
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973965452d79 Fix: Unknown directive type "example".
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.. line-block::
303
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  Get this!
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  Bring him immediately!
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  Do that right now!
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Verb patterns
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=============
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Verb patterns are the practice of using verbs in sentence.
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Intransitive verb
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-----------------
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``SUB + V``
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Examples::
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  John smiles.
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  The baby was sleeping.
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Transitive verb
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---------------
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``SUN + V + OBJ``
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Examples::
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  He drives car.
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  John has killed old dog.
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Link verb
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---------
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``SUB + V + ADJ`` used with verbs like::
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  be, look, feel
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Examples::
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  She looked happy.
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  The package is heavy.
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  I feel tired.
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Phrasal verb
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------------
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   285
``SUB + V + PREP + OBJ`` or ``SUB + V + OBJ + PREP``.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   286
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   287
Examples::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   288
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   289
  He puts on shirt.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   290
  He puts shirt on.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   291
  She gave the money back.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   292
  She gave back the money.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   293
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   294
Verb + infinitive
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   295
-----------------
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   296
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   297
``SUB + AUX + V1`` is used with auxiliary verbs::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   298
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   299
  do, can/could, may/might, must, shall/should, will/would
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   300
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   301
Verb + gerund
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   302
-------------
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   303
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   304
``SUB + V + V-ing`` is used with these verbs::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   305
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   306
  admit, adore, avoid, can't stand, consider, deny, detest, discuss, dislike,
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   307
  enjoy, fancy, finish, give up, hate, involve, go on, keep, like, love, mind,
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   308
  miss, prefer, practice, postpone, quit, suggest, imagine, recommend, risk,
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   309
  stop, talk about, think about
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   310
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   311
These verbs express likes and dislikes.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   312
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   313
All other verbs must be used in ``SUB + V + to + V1`` pattern. Usually
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   314
likes/dislikes verbs can be used within ``to + V1`` pattern but meaning could be
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   315
slightly different.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   316
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   317
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/verbs-followed-ing-clauses
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   318
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   319
Verb + to + infinitive
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   320
----------------------
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   321
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   322
``SUB + V + to + V1`` is used after these verbs::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   323
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   324
  afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, begin, continue, decide, demand, choose,
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   325
  expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, intent, learn, like, love, manage,
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   326
  mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, seem,
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   327
  start, try, want, would like, would love intend plan want
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   328
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   329
Example::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   330
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   331
  I want to work for you.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   332
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   333
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/verbs-followed-infinitive
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   334
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   335
Ambiguous verbs for infinitive/gerund pattern
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   336
---------------------------------------------
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   337
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   338
These verbs can be used both with ``SUB + V + V-ing`` and ``SUB + V + to + V1``
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   339
pattern::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   340
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   341
  begin, continue, finish, end, hate, like, love, intend, regret, start,
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   342
  can’t stand
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   343
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   344
can be used in infinitive and in gerund patterns.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   345
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   346
Examples::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   347
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   348
  It started raining.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   349
  It started to rain.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   350
  I continued to work in the library.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   351
  I continued working in the library.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   352
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   353
Verb + object + infinitive
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   354
--------------------------
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   355
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   356
``SUB + V + OBJ + V1`` is used for these verbs::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   357
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   358
  let, make
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   359
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   360
and some verbs of perception::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   361
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   362
  see, watch, hear, notice, feel, sense
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   363
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   364
Examples::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   365
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   366
  Daddy let me keep the dog.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   367
  She made me say sorry.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   368
  I watched her walk away.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   369
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   370
Verb + object + to + infinitive
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   371
-------------------------------
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   372
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   373
``SUB + V + OBJ + to + V1`` is used with verbs (list is not complete)::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   374
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   375
  want, ask, advice, invite, order, tell, teach, advise, allow, beg, cause,
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   376
  command, encourage, expect, force, need, order, recommend, remind, tell, see,
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   377
  help
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   378
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   379
Examples::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   380
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   381
  I want you to go with me.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   382
  He invited me to have a dinner.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   383
  I told you not to eat cake!
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   384
  She told him to go home.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   385
  They advised us to wait.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   386
  I see dog barking at you.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   387
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   388
Verb + object + gerund
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   389
----------------------
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   390
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   391
``V + OBJ + V-ing`` is used with verbs::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   392
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   393
  excuse, forget, forgive
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   394
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   395
Examples::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   396
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   397
  Excuse me interrupting you.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   398
  Forgive him insulting you.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   399
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   400
Ambiguous verb + object + gerund/infinitive
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   401
-------------------------------------------
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   402
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   403
When they are used with -ing, these verbs emphasise the action or event in
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   404
progress. When they are used with an infinitive without to, they emphasise the
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   405
action or event seen as a whole, or as completed
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   406
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   407
XXX
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   408
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   409
feel
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   410
notice
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   411
see
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   412
hear
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   413
overhear
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   414
watch
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   415
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   416
Verb + preposition + gerund
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   417
---------------------------
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   418
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   419
``SUB + V + PREP + V-ing`` is used after this verbs::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   420
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   421
  be good at, specialise, think
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   422
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   423
Examples::
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   424
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   425
  Mary is good at singing.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   426
  He specialises in helping children.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   427
  Tom is thinking about cooking dinner.
dd8b8f805163 Verb patterns.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 708
diff changeset
   428