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* Деление на слоги (syllable).

** В слове число слогов равно числу гласных звуков.

ba-by, pis-ton

** Если на границе слогораздела одна согласная, то она отходит ко второму слогу.

e-ven, o-pen, i-tem

** Если на границе слогораздела более одной согласной, то только первая согласная относится к первому слогу.

hus-band, pen-cil, mem-ber, sym-ptom

** Слог образуют сочетания согласных с "l" и "r", если за ними следует конечное нечитаемое "e".

ta-ble, a-ble, cy-cle, a-cre

* Типы слогов.

** Открытый слог (open syllable).

*** Заканчивается на гласную.

ba-by

*** Слог, который стоит перед ND / LD, считается открытым.

** Закрытый слог (closed syllable).

*** Заканчивается на согласную, кроме "r".

sys-tem

** Ударный слог (stressed syllable).

*** Обычно первый слог.

pi-lot [ˈpaɪlot], paper [ˈpeɪpə]

*** В производных словах смещение ударения как правило не происходит.

nature/natural [ˈneɪʧə/ˈnæʧrəl], mark/remark [mɑːk/rɪˈmɑːk], press/impress [pres/ɪmˈpres]

** Неударный слог (unstressed syllable).

* Буква "e" в конце слова не читается.

life [laɪf], table [teɪbl], dandle [dændl]

* Согласная перед r.

** ar - [ɑ].

car [cɑː], arm [ɑːm], park [pɑːk]

** ir - [əː].

girl [ɡəːl], third [θəːd]

** or [ɔː].

fork [fɔːk], short [ʃɔːt]

** ur - [əː].

curtain [kəːtn]

** yr - [əː].

* "a" в открытом ударном слоге  - [eɪ].

  na-me [neɪm], la-ter [ˈlaɪtə]

  !!! have [hæv], many [ˈmenɪ]

* "a" перед "nge" - [eɪ].

  range [reɪndʒ], danger [deɪndʒə]

* "ai" в ударном положении - [eɪ].

  main [meɪn], traine [treɪn], raise [reɪz]

  !!! said [sed]

* "ay" в ударном положении - [eɪ].

  may [meɪ], pay [peɪ], stay [meɪ]

* "a" в закрытом ударном слоге - [æ].

  cat [cæt], lat-ter [ˈlætə], fan-cy [ˈfænsɪ]

* "a" в сочетании "ass" - [ɑː].

  glass [ɡlɑːs], pass [pɑːs], class [klɑːs]

  !!! mass [mæs]

* "a" в сочетании "ast" - [ɑː].

  fast [fɑːst], mast [mɑːst], cast [cɑːst]

* "a" в сочетании "ant" - [ɑː].

  grant [ɡrɑːnt], plant [plɑːnt], slant [slɑːnt]

* "a" в сочетании "anch" - [ɑː].

  branch [brɑːnʧ]

* "a" в сочетании "alf" - [ɑː].

  half [hɑːlf], calf [kɑːlf]

* "a" в сочетании "ask" - [ɑː].

  ask [ɑːsk], task [tɑːsk], mask [mɑːsk]

* "a" в сочетании "ath" - [ɑː].

  father [ˈfɑːθə], bath [bɑːθ]

  !!! gather [ˈɡæðə]

* "a" в сочетании "ance" - [ɑː].

  chance [ʧɑːns], advance [ədˈvɑːns]

* "a" в сочетании "aft" - [ɑː].

  shaft [ʃɑːft], after [ˈɑːftə], craft [krɑːft], draft [drɑːft]

* "air" - [ɛə].

  stair [stɛə], hair [hɛə], affair [əˈfɛə]

* "are" - [ɛə].

  care [kɛə], fare [fɛə], scare [skɛə]

* "a" перед "ll" или "l"+согласная - [ɔː].

  ball [bɔːl], chalk [ʧɔːk], install [ɪnˈstɔːl], almost [ɔːlməust]

* "au" - [ɔː].

  launch [lɔːnʧ]

  !!! aunt [ɑːnt]

* "aw" - [ɔː].

  saw [sɔː],

* "aught" - [ɔːt].

  naught [nɔːt]

* "auth" - [ɔːθ].

  author [ˈɔːθə]

* "ar" после "w" или "qu" - [ɔː].

  war [wɔː], warm [wɔːm], quartz [kwɔːts]

* "a" в закрытом слоге после "w" или "wh" - [ɔ].

  want [wɔt], wash [waʃ], what [wɔt]

* "a" в неударном положении - [ə].

  data [ˈdeɪtə], agenda [əˈdʒendə]

* "ai", "ay" в неударном положении - [ɪ].

  captain [ˈkæptɪn], Monday [ˈmʌndɪ]

* "age" в неударном положении - [ɪdʒ].

  marriage [ˈmærɪdʒ], sausage ['sɔsɪdʒ]

* "e" в открытом ударном слоге - [iː].

  he [hiː], le-gal [ˈliːɡəl]

* "ea" - [iː].

  mean [miːn], seat [siːt], speak [spiːk]

  !!! great [ɡreɪt]

* "ee" - [iː].

  keen [kiːn], feel [fiːl], see [siː]

* "e" в закрытом ударном слоге - [e].

  bed [bed], letter [ˈletə], nest [nest]

* "ea" перед "d", "n", "th", "sure" - [e].

  bread [bred], ready [ˈredɪ], weather [ˈweθə], pleasure [ˈpleʒə], measure [ˈmeʒə], meant [ment]

* "er" в ударном слоге - [əː].

  her [həː], term [təːm], serve [səːv], permanent [ˈpəːmənənt]

* "ear" + согласная - [əː].

  heard [həːd], learn [ləːn], earth [əːθ]

* "ear" - [ɪə].

  near [nɪə], fear [fɪə], clear [klɪə]

* "eer" - [ɪə].

  engineer [ˌendʒɪˈnɪə], cheer [ʧɪə]

* "ere" - [ɪə].

  mere [mɪə], here [hɪə], sphere [sfɪə]

  !!! there [θɛə], where [wɛə], were [wəː]

* "e" в закрытом неударном слоге - [ə].

  sentence - [ˈsentəns]

* "er" в неударном положении - [ə].

  member [ˈmembə], answer [ˈɑːnsə], maker [ˈmeɪkə], perhaps [pəˈhæps]

* "e" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ].

  event [ɪˈvent], effect [ɪˈfect], elect [iˈlekt]

* "er" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ].

  regret [rɪˈɡret], repair [rɪˈpɛə], remain [rɪˈmeɪn]

* "et" в конце слова - [ɪt].

  market [ˈmɑːkɪt], planet [ˈplænɪt], genet [ˈdʒenɪt], cutlet [ˈcʌltɪd]

* "ey" - [ɪ].

  money [ˈmʌnɪ]

* "ew" - [juː].

  new [njuː], few [fjuː]

* "ew" после звуков [r, l, dʒ] - [uː].

  crew [kruː], grew [gruː]

* "eu" - [juː].

  deuce [djuːs]

* "ei" в ударном слоге - [eɪ].

  vein [veɪn], freight [freɪt], eight [eɪt]

* "ey" в ударном слоге - [eɪ].

  they [θeɪ]

* "i" в открытом ударном слоге - [aɪ].

* "i" в закрытом ударном слоге - [i].

* "o" в открытом ударном слоге - [ou].

* "o" - [ɔ].

* "u" в открытом ударном слоге - [juː].

* "u" - [ʌ].

* "y" в открытом ударном слоге - [aɪ].

* "y" - [ɪ].

* "ee", "ea" - [iː].

Исключения bread [bred], head [hed].

* "oo" - [uː].

Исключения blood [blʌd], flood [flʌd].

* "aught" - [ɔːt].

  XXX

* "bt" - [t].

  XXX

* "c" обычно - [k].

  cap [kæp], come [kʌm], cup [kʌp]

* "c" перед буквами "e", "i", "y" - [s].

  cent [sent], face [feɪs], city [ˈsɪtɪ]

* "ch" - [ʧ].

  child [ʧaɪld], chalk [ʧɔːk], chain [ʧeɪn], chess [ʧes]

* "cial" - [ʃ(ə)l].

  special [ˈspeʃ(ə)l], commercial [kəˈməːʃ(ə)l]

* "cient" - [ʃ(ə)nt].

  efficient [ɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nt]

* "ck" - [k].

  black [blæk], clock [klɔk], thick [θɪk].

* "g" обычно - [g].

  game [ɡeɪm], glad [ɡlæd], go [ɡəu]

* "g" перед буквами "e", "i", "y" - [dʒ].

  gypsy [ˈdʒɪpsɪ], gem [dʒem]

* "gn" - [n].

  sign [saɪn], gnome [nəum]

* "gm" - [m].

  XXX

* "gh" не читается.

  through [θruː]

  !!! enough [ɪˈnʌf]

* "ght" - [t].

  might [maɪt], fight [faɪt]

* "igh" - [aɪ].

  high [haɪ], fight [faɪt]

* "ild" - [aɪld].

  child [ʧaɪld], wild [waɪld]

* "imb" - [aɪm].

  climb - [klaɪm]

* "ince" - [aɪns].

  XXX

* "ind" - [aɪnd].

  mind [maɪnd], find [faɪnd]

* "ing" - [iŋ].

  signing [ˈsaɪniŋ], running [ˈrʌnɪŋ]

* "ink" - [iŋk].

  think [θɪŋk], link [lɪŋk]

* "kn" в начале слова - [n].

  know [kəu], knot [nɔt]

* "l" в сочетании "lf" не читается.

  half [hɑːf]

* "lm" - [m].

  holm [həum]

* "l" в сочетании "alk" не читается.

  chalk [ʧɔːk]

* "mb" - [m].

  climb [klaɪm]

* "mn" - [m].

  XXX

* "ness" в неударном положении - [nɪs].

  emptiness - [ˈemptɪnɪs]

* "ng" - [ŋ].

  long [lɔŋ], song [sɔŋ], string [strɪŋ]

* "ng" и "g" относится к разным слогам - [ŋɡ].

  angry [ˈæŋɡrɪ], English [ˈɪŋɡliʃ]

* "nk" - [ŋk].

  ink [ɪŋk], think [θɪŋk]

* "ough" без последующего "t" - [uː].

  XXX

* "ought" - [ɔːt].

  XXX

* "ph" - [f].

  photo [ˈfoutou], sphere [sfɪə], phrase [freɪz]

* "pn" - [n].

  XXX

* "pt" - [t].

  XXX

* "pb" - [b].

  XXX

* "qu" - [kw].

  quick [kwɪk], question ['kwesʧ(ə)n]

* "ft" - [f].

  XXX

* "s" в начале слов - [s].

  send [send], spend [spend]

* "s" перед и после глухой согласной - [s].

  test [test], cups [kʌps]

* "s" после гласных - [z].

  as [az], days [deɪz]

* "s" между гласными - [z].

  nose [nouz]

* "s" на конце слов после звонких согласных и гласных - [z].

  pens [penz], bells [belz]

* "sh" - [ʃ].

  she [ʃiː], should [ʃud], sheep [ʃiːp]

* "sion" - [ʒn].

  incision [ɪnˈsɪʒ(ə)n]

* "sl" - [l].

  XXX

* "ss" - [s].

  chess [ʧes], Bess [bes], dress [dres]

* "st" перед согласной - [s].

  castle [kaːsl]

* "ssion" - [ʃ(ə)n].

  commission [kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n], progression [prəuˈɡreʃ(ə)n]

* "ssure" - [ʃə].

  XXX

* "sure" -[ʒə].

  measure [ˈmeʒə], pleasure [ˈplezhə]

* "tch" - [ʧ].

  watch [wɔʧ], pitch [pɪʧ]

* "tion" - [ʃ(ə)n].

  communication [kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n], station [steɪʃ(ə)n], nation [neɪʃn]

* "ture" - [ʧə].

  picture [ˈpɪkʧə], lecture [ˈlekʧə], culture [ˈcʌlʧə]

* "x" - [ks].

  six [sɪks]

* "wa" - [wɔ].

  want [wɔnt], wash [wɔʃ]

* "wh" - [w].

  while [waɪl], whack [wæk]

* "wh" перед "o" - [h].

  who [huː], whom [huːm], whose [huːz]

* "wha" - [wɔ].

  what [wɔt]

* "wor" - [wəː].

  worse [wəːs], world [wəːld]

* "wr" - [r].

  write [raɪt], wrong [rɔŋ]

* "th".

** В начале и в конце знаменательных слов - [θ].

thin [θin], thick [θik], bath [bɑːθ]

** В служебных словах, наречиях, местоимениях - [ð].

the [ðə], with [wið], though [ðou], then [ðen], this [ðis], that [ðæt]

** Между двумя гласными - [ð].

bathe [beið], clothe [klouð]

* "ow", "ou" - [au].

* "qu" - [kw].

* "alk" - [ɔːk].

  chalk [ʧɔːk]