author | Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com> |
Sun, 26 Sep 2010 18:40:06 +0300 | |
changeset 186 | 9f479453db7e |
parent 185 | 33f9b8e27659 |
child 187 | 6c37b7a9cb20 |
permissions | -rwxr-xr-x |
168
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Типы слогов & Деление на слоги.
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1 |
-*- mode: outline; coding: utf-8 -*- |
159 | 2 |
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168
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3 |
* Деление на слоги (syllable). |
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Типы слогов & Деление на слоги.
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4 |
** В слове число слогов равно числу гласных звуков. |
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5 |
ba-by, pis-ton |
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6 |
** Если на границе слогораздела одна согласная, то она отходит ко второму слогу. |
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7 |
e-ven, o-pen, i-tem |
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8 |
** Если на границе слогораздела более одной согласной, то только первая согласная относится к первому слогу. |
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9 |
hus-band, pen-cil, mem-ber, sym-ptom |
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10 |
** Слог образуют сочетания согласных с "l" и "r", если за ними следует конечное нечитаемое "e". |
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11 |
ta-ble, a-ble, cy-cle, a-cre |
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syllable definition.
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12 |
|
168
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13 |
* Типы слогов. |
da2a05f02263
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14 |
** Открытый слог (open syllable). |
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15 |
*** Заканчивается на гласную. |
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Типы слогов & Деление на слоги.
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16 |
ba-by |
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Типы слогов & Деление на слоги.
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17 |
*** Слог, который стоит перед ND / LD, считается открытым. |
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18 |
** Закрытый слог (closed syllable). |
168
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19 |
*** Заканчивается на согласную, кроме "r". |
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20 |
sys-tem |
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21 |
** Ударный слог (stressed syllable). |
171
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Примеры для ударного слогаю
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22 |
*** Обычно первый слог. |
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Примеры для ударного слогаю
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23 |
pi-lot [ˈpaɪlot], paper [ˈpeɪpə] |
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Примеры для ударного слогаю
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24 |
*** В производных словах смещение ударения как правило не происходит. |
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25 |
nature/natural [ˈneɪʧə/ˈnæʧrəl], mark/remark [mɑːk/rɪˈmɑːk], press/impress [pres/ɪmˈpres] |
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26 |
** Неударный слог (unstressed syllable). |
169
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Примеры на чтение в открытом/закрытом слоге.
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27 |
* Буква "e" в конце слова не читается. |
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Примеры на чтение в открытом/закрытом слоге.
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28 |
life [laɪf], table [teɪbl], dandle [dændl] |
159 | 29 |
|
30 |
* Согласная перед r. |
|
170
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31 |
** ar - [ɑ]. |
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32 |
car [cɑː], arm [ɑːm], park [pɑːk] |
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33 |
** ir - [əː]. |
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34 |
girl [ɡəːl], third [θəːd] |
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35 |
** or [ɔː]. |
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36 |
fork [fɔːk], short [ʃɔːt] |
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37 |
** ur - [əː]. |
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38 |
curtain [kəːtn] |
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39 |
** yr - [əː]. |
159 | 40 |
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41 |
* "a" в открытом ударном слоге - [eɪ]. |
172 | 42 |
na-me [neɪm], la-ter [ˈlaɪtə] |
185 | 43 |
!!! have [hæv], many [ˈmenɪ], family [ˈfæemɪlɪ] |
172 | 44 |
* "a" перед "nge" - [eɪ]. |
45 |
range [reɪndʒ], danger [deɪndʒə] |
|
46 |
* "ai" в ударном положении - [eɪ]. |
|
47 |
main [meɪn], traine [treɪn], raise [reɪz] |
|
48 |
!!! said [sed] |
|
49 |
* "ay" в ударном положении - [eɪ]. |
|
50 |
may [meɪ], pay [peɪ], stay [meɪ] |
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51 |
* "a" в закрытом ударном слоге - [æ]. |
172 | 52 |
cat [cæt], lat-ter [ˈlætə], fan-cy [ˈfænsɪ] |
53 |
* "a" в сочетании "ass" - [ɑː]. |
|
54 |
glass [ɡlɑːs], pass [pɑːs], class [klɑːs] |
|
55 |
!!! mass [mæs] |
|
56 |
* "a" в сочетании "ast" - [ɑː]. |
|
57 |
fast [fɑːst], mast [mɑːst], cast [cɑːst] |
|
185 | 58 |
!!! tasty [ˈteɪstɪ] |
172 | 59 |
* "a" в сочетании "ant" - [ɑː]. |
60 |
grant [ɡrɑːnt], plant [plɑːnt], slant [slɑːnt] |
|
61 |
* "a" в сочетании "anch" - [ɑː]. |
|
62 |
branch [brɑːnʧ] |
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63 |
* "a" в сочетании "alf" - [ɑː]. |
|
64 |
half [hɑːlf], calf [kɑːlf] |
|
65 |
* "a" в сочетании "ask" - [ɑː]. |
|
66 |
ask [ɑːsk], task [tɑːsk], mask [mɑːsk] |
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67 |
* "a" в сочетании "ath" - [ɑː]. |
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68 |
father [ˈfɑːθə], bath [bɑːθ] |
|
69 |
!!! gather [ˈɡæðə] |
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70 |
* "a" в сочетании "ance" - [ɑː]. |
|
71 |
chance [ʧɑːns], advance [ədˈvɑːns] |
|
72 |
* "a" в сочетании "aft" - [ɑː]. |
|
73 |
shaft [ʃɑːft], after [ˈɑːftə], craft [krɑːft], draft [drɑːft] |
|
74 |
* "air" - [ɛə]. |
|
75 |
stair [stɛə], hair [hɛə], affair [əˈfɛə] |
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76 |
* "are" - [ɛə]. |
|
77 |
care [kɛə], fare [fɛə], scare [skɛə] |
|
78 |
* "a" перед "ll" или "l"+согласная - [ɔː]. |
|
173 | 79 |
ball [bɔːl], chalk [ʧɔːk], install [ɪnˈstɔːl], almost [ɔːlməust] |
172 | 80 |
* "au" - [ɔː]. |
81 |
launch [lɔːnʧ] |
|
82 |
!!! aunt [ɑːnt] |
|
83 |
* "aw" - [ɔː]. |
|
84 |
saw [sɔː], |
|
85 |
* "aught" - [ɔːt]. |
|
86 |
naught [nɔːt] |
|
87 |
* "auth" - [ɔːθ]. |
|
88 |
author [ˈɔːθə] |
|
89 |
* "ar" после "w" или "qu" - [ɔː]. |
|
90 |
war [wɔː], warm [wɔːm], quartz [kwɔːts] |
|
91 |
* "a" в закрытом слоге после "w" или "wh" - [ɔ]. |
|
92 |
want [wɔt], wash [waʃ], what [wɔt] |
|
93 |
* "a" в неударном положении - [ə]. |
|
94 |
data [ˈdeɪtə], agenda [əˈdʒendə] |
|
95 |
* "ai", "ay" в неударном положении - [ɪ]. |
|
96 |
captain [ˈkæptɪn], Monday [ˈmʌndɪ] |
|
97 |
* "age" в неударном положении - [ɪdʒ]. |
|
98 |
marriage [ˈmærɪdʒ], sausage ['sɔsɪdʒ] |
|
99 |
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100 |
* "e" в открытом ударном слоге - [iː]. |
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101 |
he [hiː], le-gal [ˈliːɡəl] |
183 | 102 |
* "ea" - [iː]. |
103 |
mean [miːn], seat [siːt], speak [spiːk] |
|
186 | 104 |
!!! great [ɡreɪt], bread [bred], head [hed] |
183 | 105 |
* "ee" - [iː]. |
106 |
keen [kiːn], feel [fiːl], see [siː] |
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107 |
* "e" в закрытом ударном слоге - [e]. |
183 | 108 |
bed [bed], letter [ˈletə], nest [nest] |
109 |
* "ea" перед "d", "n", "th", "sure" - [e]. |
|
110 |
bread [bred], ready [ˈredɪ], weather [ˈweθə], pleasure [ˈpleʒə], measure [ˈmeʒə], meant [ment] |
|
111 |
* "er" в ударном слоге - [əː]. |
|
112 |
her [həː], term [təːm], serve [səːv], permanent [ˈpəːmənənt] |
|
113 |
* "ear" + согласная - [əː]. |
|
114 |
heard [həːd], learn [ləːn], earth [əːθ] |
|
115 |
* "ear" - [ɪə]. |
|
116 |
near [nɪə], fear [fɪə], clear [klɪə] |
|
117 |
* "eer" - [ɪə]. |
|
118 |
engineer [ˌendʒɪˈnɪə], cheer [ʧɪə] |
|
119 |
* "ere" - [ɪə]. |
|
120 |
mere [mɪə], here [hɪə], sphere [sfɪə] |
|
121 |
!!! there [θɛə], where [wɛə], were [wəː] |
|
122 |
* "e" в закрытом неударном слоге - [ə]. |
|
123 |
sentence - [ˈsentəns] |
|
124 |
* "er" в неударном положении - [ə]. |
|
125 |
member [ˈmembə], answer [ˈɑːnsə], maker [ˈmeɪkə], perhaps [pəˈhæps] |
|
126 |
* "e" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ]. |
|
127 |
event [ɪˈvent], effect [ɪˈfect], elect [iˈlekt] |
|
128 |
* "er" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ]. |
|
129 |
regret [rɪˈɡret], repair [rɪˈpɛə], remain [rɪˈmeɪn] |
|
130 |
* "et" в конце слова - [ɪt]. |
|
131 |
market [ˈmɑːkɪt], planet [ˈplænɪt], genet [ˈdʒenɪt], cutlet [ˈcʌltɪd] |
|
132 |
* "ey" - [ɪ]. |
|
133 |
money [ˈmʌnɪ] |
|
134 |
* "ew" - [juː]. |
|
135 |
new [njuː], few [fjuː] |
|
136 |
* "ew" после звуков [r, l, dʒ] - [uː]. |
|
137 |
crew [kruː], grew [gruː] |
|
138 |
* "eu" - [juː]. |
|
139 |
deuce [djuːs] |
|
140 |
* "ei" в ударном слоге - [eɪ]. |
|
141 |
vein [veɪn], freight [freɪt], eight [eɪt] |
|
142 |
* "ey" в ударном слоге - [eɪ]. |
|
143 |
they [θeɪ] |
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144 |
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145 |
* "i" в открытом ударном слоге - [aɪ]. |
184 | 146 |
fi-ve [faɪv], li-ner [ˈlaɪnə], pi-lot [ˈpaɪlət] |
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147 |
* "i" в закрытом ударном слоге - [i]. |
184 | 148 |
pin [pɪn], din-ner [ˈdɪnə] |
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149 |
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150 |
* "o" в открытом ударном слоге - [ou]. |
184 | 151 |
ro-se [rouz], so-fa [ˈsoufə] |
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152 |
* "o" - [ɔ]. |
184 | 153 |
on [ɔn], clock [clɔk], ob-ject [ɔbdʒɪkt] |
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154 |
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155 |
* "u" в открытом ударном слоге - [juː]. |
184 | 156 |
pu-pil [pjuːpl], stu-dent [ˈstjuːdənt] |
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157 |
* "u" - [ʌ]. |
184 | 158 |
num-ber [ˈnʌmbə], un-cle [ʌŋkl] |
159 |
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160 |
* "y" в открытом ударном слоге - [aɪ]. |
185 | 161 |
my [maɪ], try [traɪ], ty-pist [ˈtaɪpɪst], cycle [saɪkl] |
162 |
* "y" в закрытом ударном слоге - [ɪ]. |
|
184 | 163 |
sym-bol [ˈsɪməl], symptom [ˈsɪmptəm] |
185 | 164 |
* "y" в открытом неударном слоге - [ɪ]. |
165 |
sorry [ˈsɔrɪ], tasty [ˈteɪstɪ], family [ˈfæemɪlɪ], tardy [ˈtɑːdɪ] |
|
166 |
* "y" в начале слов перед гласными - [j]. |
|
167 |
yet [jet], yard [jɑːd], year [jəː] |
|
168 |
* "yr" + гласная - [aɪə]. |
|
169 |
tyre [taɪə], tyrant [taɪərənt], gyroplane [dzaɪrəpleɪn] |
|
170 |
* "yr" + согласная - [əː]. |
|
171 |
myrtle [məːtl] |
|
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172 |
|
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|
173 |
* "oo" - [uː]. |
159 | 174 |
|
175 |
Исключения blood [blʌd], flood [flʌd]. |
|
176 |
||
182
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
177 |
* "aught" - [ɔːt]. |
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
178 |
XXX |
174
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
179 |
* "bt" - [t]. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
180 |
XXX |
176
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
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parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
181 |
* "c" обычно - [k]. |
5e38f9e7a314
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parents:
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diff
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|
182 |
cap [kæp], come [kʌm], cup [kʌp] |
5e38f9e7a314
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
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diff
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|
183 |
* "c" перед буквами "e", "i", "y" - [s]. |
5e38f9e7a314
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
184 |
cent [sent], face [feɪs], city [ˈsɪtɪ] |
175
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
185 |
* "ch" - [ʧ]. |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
186 |
child [ʧaɪld], chalk [ʧɔːk], chain [ʧeɪn], chess [ʧes] |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
187 |
* "cial" - [ʃ(ə)l]. |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
188 |
special [ˈspeʃ(ə)l], commercial [kəˈməːʃ(ə)l] |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
189 |
* "cient" - [ʃ(ə)nt]. |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
190 |
efficient [ɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nt] |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
191 |
* "ck" - [k]. |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
192 |
black [blæk], clock [klɔk], thick [θɪk]. |
176
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
193 |
* "g" обычно - [g]. |
5e38f9e7a314
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
194 |
game [ɡeɪm], glad [ɡlæd], go [ɡəu] |
5e38f9e7a314
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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175
diff
changeset
|
195 |
* "g" перед буквами "e", "i", "y" - [dʒ]. |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
196 |
gypsy [ˈdʒɪpsɪ], gem [dʒem] |
174
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
197 |
* "gn" - [n]. |
176
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
198 |
sign [saɪn], gnome [nəum] |
174
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
199 |
* "gm" - [m]. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
200 |
XXX |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
201 |
* "gh" не читается. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
202 |
through [θruː] |
176
5e38f9e7a314
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
203 |
!!! enough [ɪˈnʌf] |
5e38f9e7a314
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parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
204 |
* "ght" - [t]. |
179
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
205 |
might [maɪt], fight [faɪt] |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
206 |
* "igh" - [aɪ]. |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
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parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
207 |
high [haɪ], fight [faɪt] |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
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parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
208 |
* "ild" - [aɪld]. |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
209 |
child [ʧaɪld], wild [waɪld] |
182
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
210 |
* "imb" - [aɪm]. |
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
211 |
climb - [klaɪm] |
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
212 |
* "ince" - [aɪns]. |
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
213 |
XXX |
179
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
214 |
* "ind" - [aɪnd]. |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
215 |
mind [maɪnd], find [faɪnd] |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
216 |
* "ing" - [iŋ]. |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
217 |
signing [ˈsaɪniŋ], running [ˈrʌnɪŋ] |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
218 |
* "ink" - [iŋk]. |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
219 |
think [θɪŋk], link [lɪŋk] |
176
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
220 |
* "kn" в начале слова - [n]. |
174
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
221 |
know [kəu], knot [nɔt] |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
222 |
* "l" в сочетании "lf" не читается. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
223 |
half [hɑːf] |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
224 |
* "lm" - [m]. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
225 |
holm [həum] |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
226 |
* "l" в сочетании "alk" не читается. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
227 |
chalk [ʧɔːk] |
175
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
228 |
* "mb" - [m]. |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
229 |
climb [klaɪm] |
174
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
230 |
* "mn" - [m]. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
231 |
XXX |
182
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
232 |
* "ness" в неударном положении - [nɪs]. |
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
233 |
emptiness - [ˈemptɪnɪs] |
181
03be0e705089
ng и g относится к разным слогам
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
180
diff
changeset
|
234 |
* "ng" - [ŋ]. |
03be0e705089
ng и g относится к разным слогам
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
180
diff
changeset
|
235 |
long [lɔŋ], song [sɔŋ], string [strɪŋ] |
03be0e705089
ng и g относится к разным слогам
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
180
diff
changeset
|
236 |
* "ng" и "g" относится к разным слогам - [ŋɡ]. |
03be0e705089
ng и g относится к разным слогам
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
180
diff
changeset
|
237 |
angry [ˈæŋɡrɪ], English [ˈɪŋɡliʃ] |
175
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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174
diff
changeset
|
238 |
* "nk" - [ŋk]. |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
239 |
ink [ɪŋk], think [θɪŋk] |
182
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
240 |
* "ough" без последующего "t" - [uː]. |
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
241 |
XXX |
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
242 |
* "ought" - [ɔːt]. |
264db5b2d4ae
Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
181
diff
changeset
|
243 |
XXX |
176
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
244 |
* "ph" - [f]. |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
245 |
photo [ˈfoutou], sphere [sfɪə], phrase [freɪz] |
174
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
246 |
* "pn" - [n]. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
247 |
XXX |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
248 |
* "pt" - [t]. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
249 |
XXX |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
250 |
* "pb" - [b]. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
251 |
XXX |
179
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
252 |
* "qu" - [kw]. |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
253 |
quick [kwɪk], question ['kwesʧ(ə)n] |
175
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
254 |
* "ft" - [f]. |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
255 |
XXX |
176
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
256 |
* "s" в начале слов - [s]. |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
257 |
send [send], spend [spend] |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
258 |
* "s" перед и после глухой согласной - [s]. |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
259 |
test [test], cups [kʌps] |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
260 |
* "s" после гласных - [z]. |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
261 |
as [az], days [deɪz] |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
262 |
* "s" между гласными - [z]. |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
263 |
nose [nouz] |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
264 |
* "s" на конце слов после звонких согласных и гласных - [z]. |
5e38f9e7a314
Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
175
diff
changeset
|
265 |
pens [penz], bells [belz] |
175
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
266 |
* "sh" - [ʃ]. |
179
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
267 |
she [ʃiː], should [ʃud], sheep [ʃiːp] |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
268 |
* "sion" - [ʒn]. |
b1942bffc973
Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
178
diff
changeset
|
269 |
incision [ɪnˈsɪʒ(ə)n] |
174
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
270 |
* "sl" - [l]. |
ae3c4d84210c
Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
173
diff
changeset
|
271 |
XXX |
175
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
272 |
* "ss" - [s]. |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
273 |
chess [ʧes], Bess [bes], dress [dres] |
a58388599a72
Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents:
174
diff
changeset
|
274 |
* "st" перед согласной - [s]. |
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Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
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castle [kaːsl] |
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Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
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* "ssion" - [ʃ(ə)n]. |
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commission [kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n], progression [prəuˈɡreʃ(ə)n] |
181
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ng и g относится к разным слогам
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* "ssure" - [ʃə]. |
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XXX |
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* "sure" -[ʒə]. |
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measure [ˈmeʒə], pleasure [ˈplezhə] |
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* "tch" - [ʧ]. |
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watch [wɔʧ], pitch [pɪʧ] |
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* "tion" - [ʃ(ə)n]. |
177 | 285 |
communication [kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n], station [steɪʃ(ə)n], nation [neɪʃn] |
286 |
* "ture" - [ʧə]. |
|
287 |
picture [ˈpɪkʧə], lecture [ˈlekʧə], culture [ˈcʌlʧə] |
|
178 | 288 |
* "x" - [ks]. |
289 |
six [sɪks] |
|
179
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Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
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* "wa" - [wɔ]. |
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want [wɔnt], wash [wɔʃ] |
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* "wh" - [w]. |
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while [waɪl], whack [wæk] |
175
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* "wh" перед "o" - [h]. |
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who [huː], whom [huːm], whose [huːz] |
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* "wha" - [wɔ]. |
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what [wɔt] |
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298 |
* "wor" - [wəː]. |
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299 |
worse [wəːs], world [wəːld] |
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Нечитаемые согласные.
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* "wr" - [r]. |
179
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301 |
write [raɪt], wrong [rɔŋ] |
159 | 302 |
|
167 | 303 |
* "th". |
304 |
** В начале и в конце знаменательных слов - [θ]. |
|
305 |
thin [θin], thick [θik], bath [bɑːθ] |
|
306 |
** В служебных словах, наречиях, местоимениях - [ð]. |
|
307 |
the [ðə], with [wið], though [ðou], then [ðen], this [ðis], that [ðæt] |
|
308 |
** Между двумя гласными - [ð]. |
|
309 |
bathe [beið], clothe [klouð] |
|
159 | 310 |
|
311 |
* "ow", "ou" - [au]. |
|
312 |
||
313 |
* "qu" - [kw]. |
|
314 |
||
163
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Use TRIANGULAR COLON instead COLON.
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* "alk" - [ɔːk]. |
174
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Нечитаемые согласные.
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316 |
chalk [ʧɔːk] |