www/en-pronunciation_ru.rst
author Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
Tue, 20 Mar 2018 23:09:15 +0200
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.. -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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=======================
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 English pronunciation
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=======================
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.. contents::
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   :local:
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About
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=====
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 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology
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 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English
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 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_orthography
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 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_and_British_English_spelling_differences
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 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPA_chart_for_English_dialects
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 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English
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Деление на слоги (syllable)
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===========================
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В слове число слогов равно числу гласных звуков::
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  ba-by, pis-ton
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Если на границе слогораздела одна согласная, то она отходит ко второму
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слогу::
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  e-ven, o-pen, i-tem
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Если на границе слогораздела более одной согласной, то только первая
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согласная относится к первому слогу::
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  hus-band, pen-cil, mem-ber, sym-ptom
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Слог образуют сочетания согласных с ``l`` и ``r``, если за ними следует
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конечное нечитаемое ``e``::
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  ta-ble, a-ble, cy-cle, a-cre
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Типы слогов
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===========
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Открытый слог (open syllable)
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-----------------------------
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Заканчивается на гласную::
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  ba-by
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Слог, который стоит перед ND / LD, считается открытым::
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  cold [kɔuld], child [ʧaɪld], old [ɔuld]
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Закрытый слог (closed syllable)
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-------------------------------
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Заканчивается на согласную, кроме ``r``::
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  sys-tem
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Ударный слог (stressed syllable)
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--------------------------------
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Обычно первый слог::
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  pi-lot [ˈpaɪlot], paper [ˈpeɪpə]
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В производных словах смещение ударения как правило не происходит::
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  nature/natural [ˈneɪʧə/ˈnæʧrəl]
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  mark/remark [mɑːk/rɪˈmɑːk]
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  press/impress [pres/ɪmˈpres]
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Неударный слог (unstressed syllable)
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Чтение гласных
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==============
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Чтение ``a``
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------------
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``a`` в открытом ударном слоге  - ``[eɪ]``::
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 na-me [neɪm], la-ter [ˈlaɪtər]
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 !!! have [hæv], many [ˈmenɪ], family [ˈfæemɪlɪ]
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``a`` в закрытом ударном слоге - ``[æ]``::
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  cat [cæt], lat-ter [ˈlætər], fan-cy [ˈfænsɪ]
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``a`` в сочетании ``ange`` - ``[eɪdʒ]``::
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  range [reɪndʒ], danger [deɪndʒə]
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``ai`` в ударном положении - ``[eɪ]``::
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  main [meɪn], rain [reɪn], traine [treɪn], raise [reɪz], straight [streɪt]
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  !!! said [sed]
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``ay`` в ударном положении - ``[eɪ]``::
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  may [meɪ], lay [leɪ], pay [peɪ], play [pleɪ], stay [steɪ]
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``ar`` - ``[ɑːr]``::
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  car [cɑːr], arm [ɑːrm], park [pɑːrk]
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``a`` в сочетании ``ass`` - ``[ɑːs]``::
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  glass [ɡlɑːs], pass [pɑːs], class [klɑːs]
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  !!! mass [mæs]
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``a`` в сочетании ``ast`` - ``[ɑːst]``::
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  fast [fɑːst], mast [mɑːst], cast [cɑːst], past [pɑːst], last [lɑːst]
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  !!! tasty [ˈteɪstɪ]
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``a`` в сочетании ``ant`` - ``[ɑː]``::
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  grant [ɡrɑːnt], plant [plɑːnt], slant [slɑːnt]
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   123
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   124
``a`` в сочетании ``anch`` - ``[ɑː]``::
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   125
172
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   126
  branch [brɑːnʧ]
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   127
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   128
``a`` в сочетании ``alf`` - ``[ɑː]``::
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   129
172
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   130
  half [hɑːlf], calf [kɑːlf]
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   131
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   132
``a`` в сочетании ``ask`` - ``[ɑː]``::
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   133
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   134
  ask [ɑːsk], task [tɑːsk], mask [mɑːsk]
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   135
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   136
``a`` в сочетании ``ath`` - ``[ɑː]``::
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   137
172
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   138
  father [ˈfɑːθə], bath [bɑːθ]
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   139
  !!! gather [ˈɡæðə]
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   140
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   141
``a`` в сочетании ``ance`` - ``[ɑː]``::
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   142
172
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   143
  chance [ʧɑːns], advance [ədˈvɑːns]
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   144
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   145
``a`` в сочетании ``aft`` - ``[ɑː]``::
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diff changeset
   146
172
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   147
  shaft [ʃɑːft], after [ˈɑːftə], craft [krɑːft], draft [drɑːft]
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   148
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   149
``air`` - ``[er]``::
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   150
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   151
  stair [ster], hair [her], fair [fer], affair [əˈfer], pair [per]
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   152
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   153
``are`` - ``[er]``::
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   154
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   155
  care [ker], fare [fer], scare [sker]
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   156
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   157
``a`` в ``all`` или ``l``+согласная - ``[ɔː]``::
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   158
215
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   159
  all [ɔːl], ball [bɔːl], wall [wɔːl], small [smɔːl], hall [hɔːl]
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   160
  chalk [ʧɔːk], install [ɪnˈstɔːl], almost [ɔːlməust]
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   161
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   162
``au`` - ``[ɔː]``::
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diff changeset
   163
215
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   164
  launch [lɔːnʧ], autumn [ˈɔːtəm]
172
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   165
  !!! aunt [ɑːnt]
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   166
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   167
``aw`` - ``[ɔː]``::
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   168
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   169
  saw [sɔː], draw [drɔː], law [lɔː]
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   170
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   171
``aught`` - ``[ɔːt]``::
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diff changeset
   172
172
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   173
  naught [nɔːt]
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   174
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   175
``auth`` - ``[ɔːθ]``::
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diff changeset
   176
172
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diff changeset
   177
  author [ˈɔːθə]
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   178
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   179
``ar`` после ``w`` или ``qu`` - ``[ɔː]``::
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   180
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   181
  war [wɔːr], warm [wɔːrm], quartz [kwɔːrts]
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   182
513
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   183
``wa`` и ``wha`` в закрытом слоге - ``[wɔ]``::
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diff changeset
   184
215
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   185
  want [wɔt], wash [wɔʃ], what [wɔt], watch [wɔʧ]
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diff changeset
   186
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   187
``a`` в неударном положении - ``[ə]``::
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diff changeset
   188
172
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   189
  data [ˈdeɪtə], agenda [əˈdʒendə]
201
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diff changeset
   190
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   191
``ai``, ``ay`` в неударном положении - ``[ɪ]``::
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diff changeset
   192
172
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   193
  captain [ˈkæptɪn], Monday [ˈmʌndɪ]
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diff changeset
   194
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   195
``age`` в неударном положении - ``[ɪdʒ]``::
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diff changeset
   196
172
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   197
  marriage [ˈmærɪdʒ], sausage ['sɔsɪdʒ]
9d21e0f5bd69 Чтение буквы a.
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parents: 171
diff changeset
   198
514
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   199
Чтение ``e``
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   200
------------
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diff changeset
   201
517
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   202
``e`` в конце слова не читается::
514
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   203
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   204
  life [laɪf], table [teɪbl], dandle [dændl]
201
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   205
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   206
``e`` в открытом ударном слоге - ``[iː]``::
201
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diff changeset
   207
180
1f6b2926a51a Move consonants to proper place.
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   208
  he [hiː], le-gal [ˈliːɡəl]
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diff changeset
   209
514
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diff changeset
   210
``e`` в закрытом ударном слоге - ``[e]``::
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
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diff changeset
   211
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   212
  bed [bed], letter [ˈletə], nest [nest]
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diff changeset
   213
517
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diff changeset
   214
``e`` в открытом неударном слоге - ``[ɪ]``::
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
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diff changeset
   215
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   216
  event [ɪˈvent], effect [ɪˈfect], elect [iˈlekt]
201
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diff changeset
   217
517
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diff changeset
   218
``e`` в закрытом неударном слоге - ``[ə]``::
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
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diff changeset
   219
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diff changeset
   220
  sentence - [ˈsentəns]
201
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diff changeset
   221
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   222
``ee`` - ``[iː]``::
201
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diff changeset
   223
517
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   224
  keen [kiːn], feel [fiːl], see [siː], tree [triː], street [striːt]
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
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diff changeset
   225
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diff changeset
   226
``ea`` - ``[iː]``::
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diff changeset
   227
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   228
  mean [miːn], seat [siːt], speak [spiːk], please [pliːz]
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   229
  !!! great [ɡreɪt], bread [bred], head [hed], breakfast [ˈbrekfəst]
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diff changeset
   230
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   231
``ea`` перед ``d``, ``n``, ``th``, ``sure`` - ``[e]``::
201
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diff changeset
   232
183
f55fc7d9ce44 Reading e.
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   233
  bread [bred], ready [ˈredɪ], weather [ˈweθə], pleasure [ˈpleʒə], measure [ˈmeʒə], meant [ment]
201
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diff changeset
   234
514
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   235
``er`` в ударном слоге - ``[ɜːr]``::
201
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diff changeset
   236
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   237
  her [hɜːr], term [tɜːrm], serve [sɜːrv], permanent [ˈpɜːrmənənt]
201
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diff changeset
   238
514
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   239
``ear`` + согласная - ``[ɜːr]``::
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   240
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   241
  heard [hɜːrd], learn [lɜːrn], earth [ɜːrθ]
201
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diff changeset
   242
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   243
``ear`` - ``[ɪə]``::
201
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diff changeset
   244
517
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diff changeset
   245
  ear [ɪə], near [nɪə], fear [fɪə], clear [klɪə], dear [dɪə]
201
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diff changeset
   246
511
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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diff changeset
   247
``eer`` - ``[ɪə]``::
201
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parents: 200
diff changeset
   248
214
248af78de74f Add a lot on exceptions.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 206
diff changeset
   249
  cheer [ʧɪə], engineer [ˌendʒɪˈnɪə], pioneer [ˌpaɪəˈniə]
201
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diff changeset
   250
511
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diff changeset
   251
``ere`` - ``[ɪə]``::
201
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diff changeset
   252
183
f55fc7d9ce44 Reading e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 182
diff changeset
   253
  mere [mɪə], here [hɪə], sphere [sfɪə]
517
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parents: 515
diff changeset
   254
  !!! there [θer], where [wer], were [wɜːr]
201
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parents: 200
diff changeset
   255
511
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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diff changeset
   256
``er`` в неударном положении - ``[ə]``::
201
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parents: 200
diff changeset
   257
183
f55fc7d9ce44 Reading e.
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parents: 182
diff changeset
   258
  member [ˈmembə], answer [ˈɑːnsə], maker [ˈmeɪkə], perhaps [pəˈhæps]
201
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parents: 200
diff changeset
   259
511
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diff changeset
   260
``er`` в открытом неударном слоге - ``[ɪ]``::
201
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parents: 200
diff changeset
   261
183
f55fc7d9ce44 Reading e.
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parents: 182
diff changeset
   262
  regret [rɪˈɡret], repair [rɪˈpɛə], remain [rɪˈmeɪn]
201
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   263
511
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   264
``et`` в конце слова - ``[ɪt]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   265
183
f55fc7d9ce44 Reading e.
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parents: 182
diff changeset
   266
  market [ˈmɑːkɪt], planet [ˈplænɪt], genet [ˈdʒenɪt], cutlet [ˈcʌltɪd]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   267
517
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   268
``ei`` в ударном слоге - ``[eɪ]``::
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   269
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   270
  vein [veɪn], freight [freɪt], eight [eɪt]
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   271
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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diff changeset
   272
``ei`` в неударном слоге - ``[ɪ]``::
201
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   273
194
1269fe4841ca Fix many rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 193
diff changeset
   274
  foreign [ˈfɔrɪn]
201
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parents: 200
diff changeset
   275
517
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   276
``ey`` в ударном слоге - ``[eɪ]``::
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   277
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   278
  grey [ɡreɪ], they [θeɪ]
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   279
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   280
``ey`` в неударном слоге - ``[ɪ]``::
201
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parents: 200
diff changeset
   281
194
1269fe4841ca Fix many rules.
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parents: 193
diff changeset
   282
  hockey [ˈhɔkɪ], money [ˈmʌnɪ]
201
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   283
511
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
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diff changeset
   284
``ew`` - ``[juː]``::
201
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parents: 200
diff changeset
   285
183
f55fc7d9ce44 Reading e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 182
diff changeset
   286
  new [njuː], few [fjuː]
201
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   287
511
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   288
``ew`` после звуков ``[r, l, dʒ] - [uː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   289
183
f55fc7d9ce44 Reading e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 182
diff changeset
   290
  crew [kruː], grew [gruː]
201
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   291
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   292
``eu`` - ``[juː]``::
201
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   293
183
f55fc7d9ce44 Reading e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 182
diff changeset
   294
  deuce [djuːs]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   295
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   296
Чтение ``i``
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
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parents: 513
diff changeset
   297
------------
201
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parents: 200
diff changeset
   298
511
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   299
``i`` в открытом ударном слоге - ``[aɪ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   300
190
4ee646134b16 Reading e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 189
diff changeset
   301
  fi-ve [faɪv], li-ner [ˈlaɪnə],  pi-lot [ˈpaɪlət], time [taɪm]
4ee646134b16 Reading e.
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parents: 189
diff changeset
   302
  !!! machine [məʃiːn], cinema [ˈsɪnimə], live [lɪv], give [ɡɪv]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   303
515
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   304
``i`` в закрытом ударном слоге - ``[ɪ]``::
201
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   305
190
4ee646134b16 Reading e.
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parents: 189
diff changeset
   306
  pin [pɪn], din-ner [ˈdɪnə], stick [stɪk], since [sɪns]
201
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   307
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   308
``i`` в неударном положении - ``[ɪ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   309
190
4ee646134b16 Reading e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 189
diff changeset
   310
  immense [ɪˈmens], imagine [ɪˈmædʒɪn]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   311
515
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   312
``i`` перед ``nd`` - ``[aɪ]``::
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   313
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
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parents: 514
diff changeset
   314
  kind [kaɪnd], find [faɪnd].
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   315
  !!! wind [wɪnd]
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   316
517
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   317
Сочетание ``ild`` - ``[aɪld]``::
515
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   318
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   319
  child [ʧaɪld], wild [waɪld], mild [maɪld]
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   320
517
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   321
Сочетание ``ind`` - ``[aɪnd]``::
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   322
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   323
  bind [baɪnd], mind [maɪnd], find [faɪnd], kind [kaɪnd]
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   324
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   325
Сочетание ``ign`` - ``[aɪn]``::
515
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   326
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   327
  sign [saɪn], design [dɪˈzaɪn]
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   328
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   329
Сочетание ``igh`` - ``[aɪ]``::
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   330
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   331
  high [haɪ], fight [faɪt], light [laɪt], sight [saɪt], right [raɪt]
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   332
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   333
``ie`` на конце односложных слов - ``[aɪ]``::
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   334
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   335
  die [daɪ], lie [laɪ]
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   336
513
ff2f66dc5f2f Fix some transcription.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 512
diff changeset
   337
``ir`` в ударном положении - ``[ɜːr]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   338
513
ff2f66dc5f2f Fix some transcription.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 512
diff changeset
   339
  first [fɜːrst], girl [ɡɜːrl], third [θɜːrd]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   340
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   341
``ire`` - ``[aɪə]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   342
190
4ee646134b16 Reading e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 189
diff changeset
   343
  fire [faɪə], mire [maɪə], entire [inˈtaɪə]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   344
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   345
``ia`` - ``[aɪə]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   346
190
4ee646134b16 Reading e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 189
diff changeset
   347
  diamond [daɪəmənd], dialogue [ˈdaɪəlɔɡ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   348
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   349
``io`` - ``[aɪə]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   350
190
4ee646134b16 Reading e.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 189
diff changeset
   351
  prior [praɪə], pioneer [ˌpaɪəˈniə], violate [ˈvaɪəleɪt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   352
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   353
``ie`` в середине корневых слов - ``[iː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   354
515
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   355
  piece [piːs], field [fiːld], brief [briːf], grieve [ɡriːv]
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   356
  !!! friend [frend]
201
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Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   357
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   358
Чтение ``o``
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   359
------------
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   360
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   361
``o`` в открытом ударном слоге - ``[əʊ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   362
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   363
  no [nəʊ], ro-se [rəʊz], so-fa [ˈsəʊfə]
517
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   364
  !!! do [duː], does [dʌz], ɡlove [ɡlʌv], love [lʌv], shoe [ʃuː], to [tuː]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   365
515
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   366
``old`` - ``[əʊld]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   367
512
0a5b8add4166 Fix some transcriptions.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 511
diff changeset
   368
  old [əʊld], cold [cəʊld], hold [həʊld]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   369
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   370
``oa`` - ``[əʊ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   371
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   372
  road [rəʊd], boat [bəʊt], load [ləʊd], loan [ləʊn], oak [əʊk]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   373
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   374
``ow`` в конце слов - ``[əʊ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   375
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   376
  know [nəʊ], show [ʃəʊ], snow [snəʊ], window [ˈwindəʊ], low [ləʊ], bowl [bəʊl]
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   377
  !!! now [naʊ], how [haʊ], cow [kaʊ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   378
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   379
``ow`` в середине слов - ``[aʊ]``::
215
e28e7d9cbb2b Fix several transcriptions. Add a lot of new examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 214
diff changeset
   380
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   381
  brown [braʊn], down [daʊn], flower [ˈflaʊə]
215
e28e7d9cbb2b Fix several transcriptions. Add a lot of new examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 214
diff changeset
   382
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   383
``o`` перед ``st`` - ``[əʊ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   384
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   385
  post [pəʊst], most [məʊst]
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   386
  !!! cost [kɔst], lost [lɔst], frost [frɔst]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   387
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   388
``o`` в закрытом ударном слоге - ``[ɔ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   389
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   390
  on [ɔn], clock [clɔk], ob-ject [ɔbdʒɪkt], stop [stɔp], not [nɔt], got [ɡɔt]
214
248af78de74f Add a lot on exceptions.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 206
diff changeset
   391
  !!! son [sʌn], mother [ˈmʌðə], woman [ˈwumən], colour [ˈkʌlə]
248af78de74f Add a lot on exceptions.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 206
diff changeset
   392
  !!! brother [ˈbrʌðə]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   393
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   394
``ou`` в середине слова - ``[aʊ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   395
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   396
  out [aʊt], town [taʊn], brown [braʊn], found [faʊnd], pound [paʊd]
517
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   397
  sound [saʊnd], trousers [ˈtraʊzəz], mouth [maʊθ]
215
e28e7d9cbb2b Fix several transcriptions. Add a lot of new examples.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 214
diff changeset
   398
  !!! enough [ɪˈnʌf], country [ˈkʌntrɪ], trouble [trʌbl], touch [tʌʧ]
517
cd009a324b85 Few corrections.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 515
diff changeset
   399
  !!! young [jʌŋ], you [juː], cousin [ˈkʌzən]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   400
513
ff2f66dc5f2f Fix some transcription.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 512
diff changeset
   401
``or`` в ударном положении - ``[ɔːr]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   402
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   403
  fork [fɔːk], short [ʃɔːt], sport [spɔːt], port [pɔːt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   404
513
ff2f66dc5f2f Fix some transcription.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 512
diff changeset
   405
``or`` в неударном положении - ``[ər]``::
ff2f66dc5f2f Fix some transcription.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 512
diff changeset
   406
ff2f66dc5f2f Fix some transcription.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 512
diff changeset
   407
  visitor [ˈvɪzɪtər], doctor [ˈdɔktər], operator [ˈɔpəreɪtər]
ff2f66dc5f2f Fix some transcription.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 512
diff changeset
   408
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   409
``oor`` - ``[ɔː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   410
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   411
  floor [flɔː], door [dɔː]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   412
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   413
``ore`` - ``[ɔː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   414
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   415
  more [mɔː], core [cɔː], bore [bɔː], ore [ɔː], before [bɪˈfɔː]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   416
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   417
``oar`` - ``[ɔː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   418
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   419
  board [bɔːd]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   420
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   421
``our`` в середине слова - ``[ɔː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   422
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   423
  mourn [mɔːn], source [sɔːs]
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   424
  !!! courage [ˈcʌridʒ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   425
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   426
``our`` под ударением - ``[auə]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   427
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   428
  our [auə], hour [hauə], sour [sauə]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   429
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   430
``our`` на конце слов - ``[ə]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   431
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   432
  labour [ˈleɪbə], vapour [ˈveɪpə]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   433
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   434
``oi`` - ``[ɔɪ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   435
512
0a5b8add4166 Fix some transcriptions.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 511
diff changeset
   436
  voice [vɔɪs], coil [kɔɪl], toil [tɔɪl], oil [ɔɪl], noise [nɔɪz]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   437
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   438
``oy`` - ``[ɔɪ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   439
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   440
  alloy [ˈælɔɪ], boy [bɔɪ], toy [tɔɪ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   441
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   442
``oo`` - ``[uː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   443
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   444
  food [fuːd], root [ruːt], noon [nuːn], too [tuː], moon [muːn], pool [puːl], doom [duːm]
512
0a5b8add4166 Fix some transcriptions.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 511
diff changeset
   445
  !!! good [ɡʊd], wood [wʊd], wool [wʊl], foot [fʊt], blood [blʌd], flood [flʌd]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   446
515
27da55c0db7e Remove wrong rules. Rearrange some rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 514
diff changeset
   447
``oo`` в сочетании ``ook`` - ``[ʊk]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   448
512
0a5b8add4166 Fix some transcriptions.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 511
diff changeset
   449
  book [bʊk], look [lʊk], took [tʊk], hook [hʊk]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   450
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   451
``ous`` на конце слов - ``[əs]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   452
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   453
  various [ˈvɛərɪəs], tremendous [trɪˈmendəs]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   454
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   455
``oth`` под ударением - ``[ʌθ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   456
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   457
  mother [ˈmʌθə], other [ˈʌθə], brother [ˈbrʌθə], another [əˈnʌθə]
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   458
  !!! both [bəʊθ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   459
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   460
``on`` под ударением - ``[ʌn]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   461
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   462
  month [mʌnθ], son [sʌn], front [frʌnt], London [ˈlʌndən]
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   463
  !!! on [ɔn]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   464
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   465
``om`` под ударением - ``[ʌm]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   466
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   467
  come [kʌm], some [sʌm]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   468
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   469
``ov`` под ударением - ``[ʌv]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   470
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   471
  cover [ˈkʌvə], oven [ˈʌvn]
180
1f6b2926a51a Move consonants to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 179
diff changeset
   472
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   473
Чтение ``u``
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   474
------------
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   475
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   476
``u`` в открытом ударном слоге - ``[juː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   477
191
46d610652a25 Reading u.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 190
diff changeset
   478
  pu-pil [pjuːpl], stu-dent [ˈstjuːdənt], use [juːz]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   479
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   480
``u`` в закрытом ударном слоге - ``[ʌ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   481
191
46d610652a25 Reading u.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 190
diff changeset
   482
  num-ber [ˈnʌmbə], un-cle [ʌŋkl], bus [bʌs]
46d610652a25 Reading u.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 190
diff changeset
   483
  !!! put [put], push [puʃ], pull [pul], full [ful], bush [buʃ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   484
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   485
``ue`` после ``l``, ``r``, ``j`` - ``[uː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   486
191
46d610652a25 Reading u.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 190
diff changeset
   487
  blue [bluː], true [truː]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   488
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   489
``ui`` после ``l``, ``r``, ``j`` - ``[uː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   490
191
46d610652a25 Reading u.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 190
diff changeset
   491
  cruise [kruːz], juice [dʒuːs], fruit [fruːt]
214
248af78de74f Add a lot on exceptions.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 206
diff changeset
   492
  !!! suit [sjuːt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   493
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   494
``u`` в неударном положении - ``[ə]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   495
191
46d610652a25 Reading u.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 190
diff changeset
   496
  upon [əˈpɔn], supply [səpˈlaɪ], suspend [səsˈpend], difficult [ˈdɪfɪcəlt]
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   497
  !!! mercury [ˈmɜːrkjuːrɪ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   498
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   499
``ur`` в ударном слоге - ``[ɜːr]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   500
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   501
  curtain [kɜːrtn], turn [tɜːrn], curve [cɜːrv], surface [ˈsɜːrfɪs]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   502
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   503
``u`` перед ``r`` + гласная - ``[juə]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   504
191
46d610652a25 Reading u.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 190
diff changeset
   505
  pure [pjuə], cure [kjuə], curious [ˈkjuərɪəs]
46d610652a25 Reading u.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 190
diff changeset
   506
  !!! sure [ʃuə]
184
0c984798a5d0 Reindent.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 183
diff changeset
   507
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   508
Чтение ``y``
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   509
------------
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   510
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   511
``y`` в открытом ударном слоге - ``[aɪ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   512
185
33f9b8e27659 Reading y.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 184
diff changeset
   513
  my [maɪ], try [traɪ], ty-pist [ˈtaɪpɪst], cycle [saɪkl]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   514
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   515
``y`` в закрытом ударном слоге - ``[ɪ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   516
184
0c984798a5d0 Reindent.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 183
diff changeset
   517
  sym-bol [ˈsɪməl], symptom [ˈsɪmptəm]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   518
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   519
``y`` в открытом неударном слоге - ``[ɪ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   520
185
33f9b8e27659 Reading y.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 184
diff changeset
   521
  sorry [ˈsɔrɪ], tasty [ˈteɪstɪ], family [ˈfæemɪlɪ], tardy [ˈtɑːdɪ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   522
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   523
``y`` в начале слов перед гласными - ``[j]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   524
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   525
  yet [jet], yard [jɑːd], year [jɜːr]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   526
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   527
``yr`` + гласная - ``[aɪə]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   528
185
33f9b8e27659 Reading y.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 184
diff changeset
   529
  tyre [taɪə], tyrant [taɪərənt], gyroplane [dzaɪrəpleɪn]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   530
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   531
``yr`` + согласная - ``[ɜːr]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   532
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   533
  myrtle [mɜːrtl]
180
1f6b2926a51a Move consonants to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 179
diff changeset
   534
540
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   535
Чтение согласных и сочетаний
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   536
============================
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   537
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   538
``alk`` - ``[ɔːk]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   539
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   540
  chalk [ʧɔːk], talk [tɔːk], walk [wɔːk]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   541
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   542
``aught`` - ``[ɔːt]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   543
513
ff2f66dc5f2f Fix some transcription.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 512
diff changeset
   544
  daughter [ˈdɔːtər], caught [kɔːt], taught [tɔːt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   545
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   546
``bt`` - ``[t]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   547
194
1269fe4841ca Fix many rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 193
diff changeset
   548
  debt [det], doubt [daut]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   549
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   550
``c`` обычно - ``[k]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   551
176
5e38f9e7a314 Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 175
diff changeset
   552
  cap [kæp], come [kʌm], cup [kʌp]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   553
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   554
``c`` перед буквами ``e``, ``i``, ``y`` - ``[s]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   555
176
5e38f9e7a314 Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 175
diff changeset
   556
  cent [sent], face [feɪs], city [ˈsɪtɪ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   557
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   558
``ch`` - ``[ʧ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   559
175
a58388599a72 Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 174
diff changeset
   560
  child [ʧaɪld], chalk [ʧɔːk], chain [ʧeɪn], chess [ʧes]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   561
540
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   562
Rearly ``ch`` is ``[ʃ]``::
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   563
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   564
  chef [ʃef], mustache [ˈmʌstæʃ], machine [məˈʃiːn]
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   565
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   566
Rearly ``ch`` is ``[k]``::
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   567
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   568
  chorus [ˈkɔːrəs]
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   569
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   570
``cial`` - ``[ʃ(ə)l]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   571
540
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   572
  special [ˈspeʃəl], commercial [kəˈmɜːrʃəl], official [əˈfɪʃəl], artificial [ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃəl]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   573
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   574
``cient`` - ``[ʃ(ə)nt]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   575
175
a58388599a72 Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 174
diff changeset
   576
  efficient [ɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   577
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   578
``ck`` - ``[k]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   579
175
a58388599a72 Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 174
diff changeset
   580
  black [blæk], clock [klɔk], thick [θɪk].
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   581
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   582
``g`` обычно - ``[g]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   583
176
5e38f9e7a314 Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 175
diff changeset
   584
  game [ɡeɪm], glad [ɡlæd], go [ɡəu]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   585
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   586
``g`` перед буквами ``e``, ``i``, ``y`` - ``[dʒ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   587
176
5e38f9e7a314 Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 175
diff changeset
   588
  gypsy [ˈdʒɪpsɪ], gem [dʒem]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   589
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   590
``gn`` - ``[n]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   591
176
5e38f9e7a314 Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 175
diff changeset
   592
  sign [saɪn], gnome [nəum]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   593
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   594
``gm`` - ``[m]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   595
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   596
  paradigm ['pærədaɪm]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   597
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   598
``gh`` не читается::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   599
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   600
  though [ðəʊ], through [θruː]
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   601
  !!! enough [ɪˈnʌf], laugh [lɑːf]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   602
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   603
``ght`` - ``[t]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   604
179
b1942bffc973 Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 178
diff changeset
   605
  might [maɪt], fight [faɪt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   606
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   607
``imb`` - ``[aɪm]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   608
182
264db5b2d4ae Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 181
diff changeset
   609
  climb - [klaɪm]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   610
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   611
``ince`` - ``[aɪns]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   612
182
264db5b2d4ae Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 181
diff changeset
   613
  XXX
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   614
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   615
``ing`` - ``[iŋ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   616
179
b1942bffc973 Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 178
diff changeset
   617
  signing [ˈsaɪniŋ], running [ˈrʌnɪŋ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   618
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   619
``ink`` - ``[iŋk]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   620
179
b1942bffc973 Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 178
diff changeset
   621
  think [θɪŋk], link [lɪŋk]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   622
540
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   623
``itious`` - ``[ɪʃəs]``::
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   624
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   625
  ambitious [æmˈbɪʃəs], fictitious [fɪktɪʃəz], nutritious [njuːtˈrɪʃəs], repetitious [ˌrepɪˈtɪʃə]
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   626
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   627
``j`` - ``[dʒ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   628
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   629
  jump [dʒʌmp]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   630
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   631
``kn`` в начале слова - ``[n]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   632
174
ae3c4d84210c Нечитаемые согласные.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 173
diff changeset
   633
  know [kəu], knot [nɔt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   634
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   635
``lf`` - ``[f]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   636
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   637
  calf [kɑːf], half [hɑːf]
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   638
  !!! gulf [ɡʌlf]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   639
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   640
``lm`` - ``[m]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   641
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   642
  balm [bɑːm], calm [kɑːm], holm [həum], palm [pɑːm]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   643
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   644
``mb`` - ``[m]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   645
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   646
  climb [klaɪm], limb [laɪm], comb [kəʊm]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   647
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   648
``mn`` на конце слова - ``[m]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   649
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   650
  autumn [ˈɔːtəm], damn [dæm], hymn [hɪm]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   651
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   652
``ness`` в неударном положении - ``[nɪs]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   653
182
264db5b2d4ae Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 181
diff changeset
   654
  emptiness - [ˈemptɪnɪs]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   655
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   656
``ng`` - ``[ŋ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   657
181
03be0e705089 ng и g относится к разным слогам
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 180
diff changeset
   658
  long [lɔŋ], song [sɔŋ], string [strɪŋ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   659
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   660
``ng`` и ``g`` относится к разным слогам - ``[ŋɡ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   661
181
03be0e705089 ng и g относится к разным слогам
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 180
diff changeset
   662
  angry [ˈæŋɡrɪ], English [ˈɪŋɡliʃ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   663
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   664
``nk`` - ``[ŋk]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   665
175
a58388599a72 Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 174
diff changeset
   666
  ink [ɪŋk], think [θɪŋk]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   667
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   668
``ough`` без последующего ``t`` - ``[uː]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   669
182
264db5b2d4ae Reading aught/imb/ince/ness/ough/ought.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 181
diff changeset
   670
  XXX
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   671
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   672
``ought`` - ``[ɔːt]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   673
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   674
  brought [brɔːt], thought [θɔːt], fought [fɔːt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   675
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   676
``ould`` - ``[ud]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   677
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   678
  could [kud], should [shud], would [wud]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   679
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   680
``ph`` - ``[f]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   681
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   682
  photo [ˈfəʊtəʊ], sphere [sfɪə], phrase [freɪz]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   683
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   684
``pn`` - ``[n]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   685
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   686
  pneumonia [njuːˈmənjə]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   687
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   688
``pt`` - ``[t]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   689
269
4ff503eb9bba Replace ɪː by iː.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 257
diff changeset
   690
  receipt [rɪˈsiːt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   691
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   692
``qu`` - ``[kw]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   693
179
b1942bffc973 Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 178
diff changeset
   694
  quick [kwɪk], question ['kwesʧ(ə)n]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   695
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   696
``ft`` - ``[f]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   697
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   698
  often [ɔfn]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   699
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   700
``r`` в конце слов если следующее слова начинается с гласной - ``[r]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   701
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   702
  our own room [auər əʊn rum]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   703
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   704
``s`` в начале слов - ``[s]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   705
176
5e38f9e7a314 Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 175
diff changeset
   706
  send [send], spend [spend]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   707
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   708
``s`` перед и после глухой согласной - ``[s]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   709
176
5e38f9e7a314 Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 175
diff changeset
   710
  test [test], cups [kʌps]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   711
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   712
``s`` после гласных - ``[z]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   713
176
5e38f9e7a314 Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 175
diff changeset
   714
  as [az], days [deɪz]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   715
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   716
``s`` между гласными - ``[z]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   717
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   718
  nose [nəʊz]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   719
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   720
``s`` на конце слов после звонких согласных и гласных - ``[z]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   721
176
5e38f9e7a314 Move s/g/k rules to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 175
diff changeset
   722
  pens [penz], bells [belz]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   723
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   724
``sh`` - ``[ʃ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   725
540
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   726
  she [ʃiː], should [ʃud], sheep [ʃiːp], shut [ʃʌt], wish [wɪʃ], finish [ˈfɪnɪʃ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   727
541
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 540
diff changeset
   728
``sion`` after vowel and ``r`` - ``[ʒən]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   729
541
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 540
diff changeset
   730
  incision [ɪnˈsɪʒən], version [ˈvɜːrʒən], decision [dɪˈsɪʒən], persuasion [pərˈsweɪʒən]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   731
541
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 540
diff changeset
   732
``sion`` after consonant, accept ``r`` - ``[ʃən]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   733
541
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 540
diff changeset
   734
  commission [kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n], passion [ˈpæʃən], progression [prəuˈɡreʃ(ə)n]
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 540
diff changeset
   735
  tension [ˈtenʃən], apprehension [əprɪˈhenʃən]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   736
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   737
``sl`` - ``[l]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   738
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   739
  aisle [aɪl], island [ˈaɪlənd]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   740
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   741
``ss`` - ``[s]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   742
175
a58388599a72 Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 174
diff changeset
   743
  chess [ʧes], Bess [bes], dress [dres]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   744
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   745
``st`` - ``[s]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   746
193
2b82674f20ee Чтение немых согласныхю
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 192
diff changeset
   747
  castle [kaːsl], listen [lɪsn], whistle [wɪsl]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   748
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   749
``ssure`` - ``[ʃə]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   750
181
03be0e705089 ng и g относится к разным слогам
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 180
diff changeset
   751
  XXX
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   752
541
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 540
diff changeset
   753
``stion`` - ``[sʧən]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   754
541
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 540
diff changeset
   755
  question [qwesʧən]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   756
541
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 540
diff changeset
   757
``sure`` -``[ʒə]`` (except ``ssure``)::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   758
175
a58388599a72 Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 174
diff changeset
   759
  measure [ˈmeʒə], pleasure [ˈplezhə]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   760
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   761
``tch`` - ``[ʧ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   762
175
a58388599a72 Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 174
diff changeset
   763
  watch [wɔʧ], pitch [pɪʧ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   764
540
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   765
``tial`` - ``[ʃ(ə)l]`` (see ``cial``)::
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   766
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   767
  essential [ɪˈsenʃəl], partial [ˈpɑːrʃəl], initial [ɪˈnɪʃəl]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   768
540
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   769
``tion`` - ``[ʃən]``::
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   770
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   771
  communication [kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən], station [steɪʃən], nation [neɪʃən], motion [ˈməʊʃən]
5c911771d385 itious / tial
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 517
diff changeset
   772
  intuition [ˌɪntjuˈɪʃən]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   773
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   774
``th`` в начале и в конце знаменательных слов - ``[θ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   775
188
db8ef189c30f Move th to proper place.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 187
diff changeset
   776
  thin [θin], thick [θik], bath [bɑːθ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   777
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   778
``th`` в служебных словах, наречиях, местоимениях - ``[ð]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   779
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   780
  the [ðə], with [wið], though [ðəʊ], then [ðen], this [ðis], that [ðæt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   781
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   782
``th`` между двумя гласными - ``[ð]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   783
296
8014e3632e56 ou => əʊ, oʊ => əʊ
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 269
diff changeset
   784
  bathe [beið], clothe [kləʊð]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   785
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   786
``ture`` - ``[ʧə]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   787
177
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 176
diff changeset
   788
  picture [ˈpɪkʧə], lecture [ˈlekʧə], culture [ˈcʌlʧə]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   789
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   790
``x`` - ``[ks]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   791
178
7601185a6db1 Reading x.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 177
diff changeset
   792
  six [sɪks]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   793
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   794
``wh`` перед гласными кроме ``o`` - ``[w]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   795
179
b1942bffc973 Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 178
diff changeset
   796
  while [waɪl], whack [wæk]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   797
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   798
``wh`` перед ``o`` - ``[h]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   799
175
a58388599a72 Чтение tion/ssion/sion...
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 174
diff changeset
   800
  who [huː], whom [huːm], whose [huːz]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   801
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   802
``wha`` - ``[wɔ]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   803
179
b1942bffc973 Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 178
diff changeset
   804
  what [wɔt]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   805
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   806
``wor`` в ударном положении - ``[wɜːr]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   807
514
6727cff45c2b Add sub-chapters. əː ==> ɜːr.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 513
diff changeset
   808
  worse [wɜːrs], world [wɜːrld], work [wɜːrk], worm [wɜːrm]
192
c9081ad530cb REading o.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 191
diff changeset
   809
  !!! worn [wɔːn]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   810
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   811
``wr`` - ``[r]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   812
179
b1942bffc973 Reading igh/ild/ind/ing/ink/wa/wh/wor.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 178
diff changeset
   813
  write [raɪt], wrong [rɔŋ]
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   814
511
d3b8198b0116 Use verbatim RST formatting for letter combinations and pronunciations.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 339
diff changeset
   815
``xh`` - ``[ks]``::
201
fd3a1921849c Convert to RST syntax.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 200
diff changeset
   816
194
1269fe4841ca Fix many rules.
Oleksandr Gavenko <gavenkoa@gmail.com>
parents: 193
diff changeset
   817
  exhibition [ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn]